nuclear capacity of, 150, 216, 217
Shiites in, 93, 108
Iraq, 1, 4, 6, 7, 11, 29, 34, 69–87, 89–106, 128, 184, 189, 208, 209, 213, 214, 215
al-Qaeda in, 8, 98, 129, 131–33, 135, 181
American POWs in, 79
army of, 94, 131, 192, 193
Ba’ath Party in, 76–78, 81, 94
Baghdad, see Baghdad
Britain and, 4, 70, 77, 79, 80
Bush administration and, 8, 60, 64, 86–87, 128, 130–31, 156
civil war in, 96, 98, 102, 131
Coalition Provisional Authority in, 100
Constitution of, 104
Council of Representatives in, 104
democracy in, 93, 94, 98, 104, 132
elections in, 97–98, 100, 102, 104–5
Engel in, 50, 64–67, 69–86, 89–91, 98–101, 105–7, 109, 127, 181
in Gulf War (1991), 8, 60, 64, 82, 86, 93, 155
Haditha, 135
Information Ministry of, 77, 79, 80
insurgency in, 97, 98, 106
ISIS and, see ISIS
journalists in, 95, 97, 99
journalists’ departure from, 73, 75, 76, 78, 82
journalists killed and taken hostage in, 105–6
looting in, 93, 95
map of, 68
Mosul, 191–94, 202, 207
oil fires in, 79
Ramadi, 133, 193, 193
refugees from, 139
Shiite population in, 93
Syria and, 138
US invasion of, 50, 70, 72, 76–87, 93, 95, 102, 107, 108, 115, 128–30, 132, 146, 215
US military presence in, 95, 136
veterans in, 140
weapons of mass destruction in, 64, 86, 129, 131, 132
Iraqi Peace and Friendship Society, 65–66
Iraq war, 9, 72, 74, 87, 99, 107, 109, 115, 130–33, 136, 137, 141–42
common cause found in, 136
terrorism and, 146, 147
ISIS, 9, 40, 107, 132, 174, 181, 189, 191–210, 216–17
al-Qaeda and, 193–95, 198, 206, 208
beheadings by, 96, 107, 195
Bloody Friday attacks of, 200–201
as Daesh, 194
economy of, 207
Engel’s meeting of members of, 195–98
Engel’s meeting of victim of, 201–5
evolution of, 198–99
as government, 207
growth of, 205
Iraqi army and, 193
kidnappings by, 207, 215
marketing of, 199, 206
Mosul captured by, 191–94, 202, 207
Palmyra captured by, 199–200
Ramadi captured by, 193, 207
as Salafist, 194–95
Shiite mosques attacked by, 200–201
Sousse rampage and, 200
videos of, 96, 199–201, 208, 214
Zarqawi and, 96, 107, 132, 191, 192
Islam, 14, 20, 34, 141
afterlife and, 38, 131
Allah in, see Allah
birth of, 1, 28, 35
Koran in, see Koran
Mohammed and, 2, 3
orthodox, 92
Ottomans and, 39
reform of, 47
Saddam and, 129
and separation of church and state, 7, 28
spread of, 28–30
superiority of, 44
see also Muslims
Israel, Israelis, 5–7, 11, 20, 34–36, 111, 114, 137, 155, 167, 217
aliyah and, 51
Arab-Israeli war, 208
Beirut airport bombed by, 114, 116–17
Dahiya Doctrine of, 125–26
Lebanon’s cease-fire with, 124–25
Lebanon’s war with, 114–26, 127–28
military service in, 111
PR operations of, 52
Zionism and, 19–21, 51, 77
Israel Defense Forces (IDF), 113, 116, 121–25
Israeli-Palestinian conflict, 52–64, 184
A-B-C districts and, 54–55, 62
Camp David Summit and, 51, 53, 55–56
First Intifada in, 58, 63
Israeli bombing of Palestinians, 113
kidnappings of Israeli soldier, 111–13
Operation Defensive Shield in, 62
Oslo II Accord and, 53–54
Palestinian prisoners, 112
peace process and, 53, 62, 63, 209
Second Intifada in, 50, 56, 60, 62–64, 115
suicide bombers in, 60–62
West Bank in, see West Bank
Istanbul, 29, 156–57
Italy, 159, 168
ITN, 165
Jaafari, Ibrahim al-, 100
Jabr, Asid, 138
Jaffar, 134–35
Jaffar, Abu, 185, 187
Japan, 162
Jebel al-Zawiya, 178
Jenin, 61, 62
Jericho, 54, 62
Jerusalem, 4, 11, 30, 32, 50, 56, 66–67, 115, 139
Americans in, 51
East vs. West, 57–58
Engel in, 50, 51, 53, 58, 63–65
Mahane Yehuda market in, 50, 61
Nachlaot area of, 51
Old City in, 50, 55–56, 212–13
Temple Mount in, 55–58, 63
Jerusalem Capital Studios (JCS), 52
Jesus, 2, 44, 213
Jews, 27, 35
aliyah and, 51
Allah and, 44
Al Shaab and, 19
anti-Semitism and, 18–20, 43–44, 45
Palestine and, 5, 34
as religious minority, 44
Zionism and, 19–21, 51, 77
jihad, meaning of word, 141
jihadists, 36, 45, 46, 135–37
in Egyptian prisons, 45–46
mujahideen, 138, 140, 141
rehabilitation program for, 140–43, 145
Salafi, 35–36, 38, 45, 46, 194–95
see also al-Qaeda; ISIS
Jordan, 1, 5, 11, 73–74, 111, 114, 117, 134, 136, 139, 208, 214
al-Qaeda in, 133
Britain and, 4
Petra, 212
Zarqa, 133
Kabul, 18
Kandahar, 145
Karbala, 40, 92–93, 96
Karnak, 212
Kazem, 71, 75
Kazim, Musa al-, 102–3
Kenya, 27
kidnapping and hostage-taking, 3, 105–6, 111, 213, 214
of Engel and crew, 171, 184–89, 195, 197, 217–19
by ISIS, 207, 215
of Israeli soldiers, 112–13, 122, 124
ransoms and, 3, 207, 215
Kooistra, John, 158, 174–76, 184, 187, 188
Koran, 3, 13, 20, 28, 44, 91–92, 98
Saddam and, 129
Kufa, 92
Kurds, 4, 9, 34, 175, 190, 199, 209
Kuwait, 4–5, 86, 87, 151, 155
ISIS in, 200–201
Laos, 82
Lebanon, 4, 107, 109–26, 136, 209, 214
Ain al-Hilweh refugee camp in, 136–38
Bint Jbeil, 121
civil war in, 117
Engel in, 109–11, 114
Hezbollah in, see Hezbollah
Israel’s cease-fire with, 124–25
Israel’s war with, 114–26, 127–28
map of, 110
Maroun al-Ras, 119, 121
Nabataea, 120
Qana, 122–23
Tripoli, 135
Tyre, 4, 120, 122
Lebanon War (1982), 57
Libya, 6, 9, 150, 158–69, 180, 182, 183, 208, 214, 218
Ajdabiya, 163, 164
Benghazi, 159–66, 168, 180
Engel in, 158–68, 173
map of, 148
Misrata, 164–66
NATO airstrikes in, 162, 163, 165–67, 169, 173, 180
Sirte, 160, 163, 164, 169
Tobruk, 158, 159, 162, 163
Tripoli, 160–68
Zawiya, 161
Zintan, 165–66
Lig
hthouse, 139–40
Likud Party, 56, 57
Livni, Tzipi, 116
Lockerbie, flight over, 169
Luxor, attack in, 27, 36, 51
Ma’arrat Misrin, 189
Madaen, 102
Mahdi Army, 102
Manama, 157
maps:
Iraq, 68
Lebanon, 110
Libya, 148
Middle East, 25
Ottoman Empire, 24
Syria, 170
West Bank, 48
Marines, 135
Maroun al-Ras, 119, 121
Marrakech, 10, 16, 217
Mashhur, Mustafa, 17–18
Mecca, 28, 32, 39–42
Medina, 39–42
Meet the Press, 122–23
Mehmed II, 31–32
Mesopotamia, 93–94
Middle East, 1–2, 8, 9, 11, 183, 211–19
democracy in, 113, 128–29, 213
Europeans’ creation of borders in, 1, 3, 4, 6, 33–35, 138
history and, 29, 33
instability in, 34, 35, 155, 156
journalists in, 214–15
leaders in, 5–9, 53, 87, 156, 194, 208–10
nation-state system and, 34, 35, 36, 208
oil in, see oil
map of, 25
refugees from, 213–14
US policy in, 5, 35, 155, 156, 157, 169, 181, 209, 216–17
Middle East Times, 16, 19, 21–22, 38
Misrata, 164–66
Mohammed (hacker), 71
Mohammed (ISIS victim), 201–5
Mohammed (Prophet), 2, 3, 28–31, 36, 39–42, 44, 91–92, 100, 118, 192
cartoons of, 2
Moldova, 71
Mongol invasions, 30–31, 33, 34, 36
Moon, Sun Myung, 16
Morocco, 10
Morsi, Mohammed, 209
Mosul, 191–94, 202, 207
Mu’awiyya, 92
Mubarak, Gamal, 153
Mubarak, Hosni, 6, 7, 9, 12, 14, 21, 22, 53, 87, 153–55, 157, 166–67, 173, 208
Obama and, 155, 162
mujahideen, 138, 140, 141
see also jihadists
Mujahir, Abdullah al-, 133–35
Munir Hadad, 137–38
Muslim Brotherhood, 8, 14, 21, 22, 43, 45, 153, 167, 172, 209
Engel and, 16–21, 36
logo and slogan of, 20, 167
Muslims, 1–3, 20, 29, 131
Crusades and, 3, 4, 30, 31, 33–35, 139
fundamentalists and extremists, 26–27, 35, 36, 38, 45, 76–77, 87, 136–37, 140, 181, 190, 191
golden age of, 29, 33, 47, 194
jihadists, see jihadists
Mongol invasions and, 30–31, 33, 34, 36
nation-state system and, 34, 35, 36
Ottomans and, 31
pirates, 3
reformers, 47
Salafi, see Salafi Muslims
Shia, see Shia Muslims
Sunni, see Sunni Muslims
see also Islam
Mustafa, 184, 187
Nabataea, 120
Nablus, 51, 54, 58, 61, 62
Nachlaot, 51
Nafusa Mountains, 165–66
Najaf, 92–93
Napoleon I, Emperor, 3
Nasrallah, Hassan, 116–19
Nasser, Gamal Abdel, 6
National Counterterrorism Center (NCTC), 146
National Intelligence, 205
National Security Council, 94
NATO, 162, 163, 165–67, 169, 173, 180
NBC, 78, 82, 104, 133, 149, 198
Engel at, 91, 97, 100, 103, 104, 109, 111, 115, 122, 127, 149, 158, 166
Engel as Beirut bureau chief at, 107, 109, 115, 127–28, 149
and kidnapping of Engel and crew, 187–89
Meet the Press, 122–23
Nightly News, 103, 114, 119, 123, 153, 154, 177, 192, 206
Syria and, 182–83
Today, 188
Netanya, 61, 62
New York, 149–50
New York Times, 188
Nightline, 83
Nightly News, 103, 114, 119, 123, 153, 154, 177, 192, 206
Nile River, 14, 17, 23, 45, 168, 212
9/11 attacks, 8, 30, 60, 63–64, 129–32, 139, 143, 144, 146, 155, 191, 208
Noble Sanctuary (Al-Aqsa), 55–58, 63
North Korea, 64
nuclear power, 144, 169
Iran and, 150, 216, 217
Nusra Front, 193
Obama, Barack, 7–9, 209
Assad and, 173
Bahrain and, 157, 162
Benghazi and, 162
bin Laden and, 166
Mubarak and, 155, 162
Syria and, 182–83
Obama Doctrine, 155–56
oil, 1, 5–7, 72, 155, 168, 207
in Saudi Arabia, 41–42, 47, 207
Olmert, Ehud, 116, 124
Operation Defensive Shield, 62
Operation Jawbreaker, 144
Operation Southern Focus, 64
Operation Tailwind, 82
Oslo II Accord, 53–54
Ottoman Empire, 3, 31–35, 39, 40, 44
European powers’ division of, 1, 3, 4, 6, 33–35, 138
map of, 24
Wahhabi movement and, 39–40
Ottoman Wahhabi War, 40
Otyan, Turki al-, 142
Pakistan, 46, 131, 145, 216
Palestine, Palestinians, 5, 52–53, 214
in Ain al-Hilweh refugee camp, 136–38
Britain and, 5
Engel as Palestinian-affairs correspondent, 49–53, 58, 63
Gaza, 51, 111–14, 123, 124, 214
Hamas, see Hamas
Israeli conflict with, see Israeli-Palestinian conflict
Jews and, 5, 34
in Lebanon War, 57
prisoners, 112
PR operations of, 52
Palestine Hotel, 76, 79–81, 83–85
Palestinian Authority, 63
Palmyra, 199–200
Parthenon, 212
Pashtuns, 46
Pearl Square, 157
Pentaki, Efi, 76
Peretz, Amir, 116
Persian Gulf, 5
Petra, 212
Phalanges, 57
Philippines, 143
pirates, 3
Power, Samantha, 217
Press TV, 150
Prussia, 33
Public Radio International, 63
Putin, Vladimir, 151
Qalandia, 58
Qalqilya, 62
Qamishli, 175
Qana, 122–23
Qatar, 4–5, 152, 153
Queen Boat, 45
Rahman, Abu Abdul (Aarqawi’s deputy), 106, 205
Rahman, Abu Abdul (Tunisian man), 205–6
Ramadan, 200
Ramadi, 133, 193, 193
Ramallah, 51, 54, 58, 62
Raqqa, 199
Redd, John Scott, 146–47
Republican Guards, 76, 82
Rezgui, Seifeddine, 200
Rixos Hotel, 161
Robertson, Nic, 78
Roman Catholic Church, 30
Rommel, Erwin, 159
rubber bullets, 50, 58–59
Russert, Tim, 107–8
Russia, 4, 33, 45, 151, 216, 217, 219
Ruzicka, Marla, 99–100
Sabra, 57
Sadat, Anwar, 6
Saddam Hussein, 6–8, 11, 70, 72, 75, 77, 79, 83, 84, 86, 100, 108, 190, 208
al-Qaeda and, 129
Ba’ath Party and, 76–78, 81, 94
bin Laden and, 8
capture of, 86, 87
George H. W. Bush and, 155
George W. Bush and, 64, 75–76, 87, 128, 129, 156
Islam and, 129
statue of, 85
Sunnis and, 8, 86, 93, 94, 97, 101
Sadr, Mohammed Sadiq al-, 85–86
Sadr, Muqtada al-, 95, 102, 118
Sagami, Saddam, 141–42
Sahhaf,
Mohammed Saeed al-, 77–78, 84, 95
Salafi Muslims, 35, 40–42, 200
ISIS and, 194–95
jihadis, 35–36, 38, 45, 46
Wahhabi, see Wahhabis
Saleh, Ali Abdullah, 168
Sallum, 158, 160, 162
Salmaniya Medical Complex, 157
Sana’a, 213
Saracens, 3
Satanism, 45
Sattar, Abu, 75
Saud, Amir Abdullah bin, 40
Saud clan, 40–41
Saudi Arabia, 4, 9, 35, 36, 45, 46, 117, 136, 151, 201, 207, 208, 216, 217
Bahrain and, 157
Engel’s first trip to, 38–39
oil in, 41–42, 47, 207
rehabilitation program in, 140–43, 145
Wahhabism and, 40–42, 47
sayyids, 92, 118
Second Intifada, 50, 56, 60, 62–64, 115
September 11 attacks, see 9/11 attacks
sex trade, 139–40
sexuality, 15, 18, 38
homosexuality, 20, 43, 44–45
shabiha, 177–78, 185, 188, 189
Shalit, Gilad, 111–12
sharia law, 44
Sharm el-Sheikh, 154
Sharon, Ariel, 56–57, 58, 60, 63
Shatila, 57
Shia Muslims (Shiites), 2, 4, 9, 29, 34, 85–86, 91–98, 102, 107, 131, 156, 184, 209, 216
Alawite, 172, 181
in Bahrain, 157
elections and, 105
Hezbollah and, see Hezbollah
in Iran, 93, 108
ISIS attacks on mosques of, 200–201
and kidnapping of Engel and crew, 189
minority status of, 93
Saddam and, 8
shabiha, 177–78, 185, 188, 189
Sicily, 65
Sidon, 4
Siniora, Fouad, 115–16, 119, 123
Sirte, 160, 163, 164, 169
Sisi, Abdel Fattah el-, 209
Sistani, Ali al-, 94, 95, 97, 102
smartphones, 152, 174
Somalia, 167, 201
Sousse rampage, 200
Soviet Union, 5, 45
Spain, 3
Spanish Inquisition, 195
suicide bombings, 99, 135, 137, 193, 211
Palestinian, 60–62
Sulayman, Khalid, 143–46
Sunni Muslims, 4, 9, 22, 29, 34, 72, 86, 91–98, 101, 102, 106, 107, 111, 117, 131, 133, 136, 137, 140, 156, 157, 172, 174, 181, 184, 189, 207, 209, 216
elections and, 105
ISIS and, see ISIS
and kidnapping of Engel and crew, 189
in Mosul, 191–94
Saddam and, 8, 86, 93, 94, 97, 101
Wahhabis, see Wahhabis
Syria, 1, 4–6, 9, 11, 34, 134, 142, 152, 169, 171–90, 206, 208, 213, 214
Aleppo, 166, 178, 180, 182, 183, 189, 195, 197, 217
chemical weapons in, 182–83, 190, 198
Damascus, see Damascus
Daraa, 166, 171–72
Engel in, 114, 138, 171, 174–90, 195–98, 218
Engel and crew kidnapped in, 171, 184–89, 195, 197, 217–19
Free Syrian Army, 177, 179, 185, 195–98, 202
Ghouta attack in, 190
Homs, 177
Houla massacre in, 177–78
Iraq and, 138
Iraqi refugees in, 139
ISIS and, see ISIS
Lebanese in, 114, 120
And Then All Hell Broke Loose: Two Decades in the Middle East Page 21