44. Richard Hakluyt, The Principal Navigations…#29: “A briefe and true report of the new found land of Virginia: of the commodities there found, and to be raised, aswell merchantable as others: Written by Thomas Heriot, seruant to Sir Walter Ralegh, a member of the Colony, and there imployed in discouering a full tweluemonth.” Ten references to “Roanoac” Island.
45. Robert Beverley, The History of Virginia In Four Parts (Richmond, VA: J.W. Randolph: 1855). Nine references to “Roenoke” Island, four to “Roenoke” shell ornaments.
46. Strachey. The Historie… In addition to the several references in the Index there are 27 “Roanoak” Island references in the text.
Chapter 19
1. Natalie Zacek, “William Strachey,” Encyclopedia Virginia, a Publication of the Virginia Foundation for the Humanities, updated April 4, 2012. See also Helen C. Rountree, The Powhatan Indians of Virginia (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1989) p. 4.
2. See “Preposition ‘at’ (Place)” Cambridge Dictionary online. (http://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/british/at_1).
3. William Strachey, The Historie of Travaile Into Virginia Britannia (London: Printed for the Hakluyt Society, 1849) p. 50.
4. Ibid., p. 26.
5. Ibid., p. 28.
6. George Percy, Observations by Master George Percy 1607, edited by Lyon G. Tyler. Narratives of Early Virginia, 1606–1625 (New York: Scribner’s, 1907) p. 17.
7. Library of Congress. John Smith, The Generall Historie of Virginia, New England & The Summer Isles (New York: Macmillan, 1907) pp. 26–7.
8. Robert Beverley, The History of Virginia In Four Parts (Richmond, VA: J. W. Randolph, 1855) p. 13.
9. Hakluyt. The Principal Navigations #30: “The fourth voyage made to Virginia with three ships, in yere 1587. Wherein was transported the second Colonie.”
10. Giles Milton, Big Chief Elizabeth (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2000) p. 193.
11. Ibid.
12. Johnson and Parramore, p. 16.
13. Ibid., p. 150
14. Rountree, p. 85.
15. Ibid.
16. Hakluyt, #27: “An account of the particularities of the imployments of the English men left in Virginia by Richard Greeneuill vnder the charge of Master Ralph Lane Generall of the same, from the 17. of August 1585. vntil the 18. of Iune 1586. at which time they departed the Countrey; sent and directed to Sir Walter Ralegh.”
17. David Stick, Roanoke Island, the Beginnings of English America (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1983), p. 147.
Chapter 20
1. Maurice A. Mook, “Algonquian Ethnohistory of the Carolina Sound,” Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 34 (1944), pp. 6–7. See also Christian F. Feest, “North Carolina Algonquians,” Handbook of North American Indians, Vol. 15, Bruce Trigger, editor (Washington, DC: Smithsonian, 1978) pp. 271–281.
2. “The Ethnic Position of the Southeastern Algonquian,” by Frank G. Speck. American Anthropologist 26 (1924): pp. 184–200.
3. Karen Ordahl Kupperman, Indians & English, Facing Off in Early America (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2000) pp. 88–91.
4. Thomas C. Parramore, “The Lost Colony and the Tuscaroras,” in Johnson and Parramore, The Lost Colony in Fact and Legend (Murfreesboro, NC: Johnson Publishing Company, 1983).
5. Elias Johnson, a Native Tuscacora Chief. Legends, Traditions and Laws, of the Iroquois, or Six nations, and History of the Tuscarora Indians (Lockport, NY: Union Printing and Publishing Co., 1881) p. 61–2.
6. Ibid.
7. William G. Haag, The Archaeology of Coastal North Carolina, Coastal Studies Series 2 (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1958), “Physiography of the Coastal Region, Pamlico Sound,” p. 47.
Chapter 21
1. Lynda Payne, “Health in England (16th–18th c.)” in Children and Youth in History, Item #166. http://chnm.gmu.edu/cyh/primary-sources/166 (Accessed July–August 2016).
2. James Mooney, The Siouan Tribes of the East (Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1894) p. 6.
3. Ibid., p. 66.
4. John Lawson, A New Voyage to Carolina (London: 1709) p. 54.
5. William Bright, Native American Placenames of the United States (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 2004) pp. 165, 425. See also http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haw_River
6. John Reed Swanton, The Indian Tribes of North America (Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1952) p. 84.
7. David La Vere, The Tuscarora War (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2013) p. 105.
8. Swanton, p. 186.
9. “Francis Yeardley’s Narrative of Excursions into Carolina, 1654,” from Alexander S. Salley, Jr., editor, Narratives of Early Carolina, 1650–1708 (New York: Scribner’s, 1911) pp. 25–6.
10. David Beers Quinn, Set Fair for Roanoke: Voyages and Colonies 1584–1606 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1985) p. 381.
11. “Francis Yeardley’s Narrative…” pp. 25–6.
12. Ibid., p. 26.
13. Ibid., p. 27.
14. Swanton, p. 206.
15. Ibid.; also Lawson p. 234.
16. David LaVere, The Tuscarora War (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2013) p. 15.
17. “Ethnohistorical Description of the Eight Villages Adjoining Cape Hatteras National Seashore and Interpretive Themes of History and Heritage,” U.S. Department of the Interior, Cape Hatteras National Seashore, Manteo, North Carolina, November 2005. Vol 1, p. 10.
18. Lawson, p. 200.
19. Richard Hakluyt, The Principal Navigations…#24, “The first voyage made to the coasts of America, with two barks, wherein were Captaines M. Philip Amadas, and M. Arthur Barlowe, who discouered part of the Countrey now called Virginia Anno 1584. Written by one of the said Captaines, and sent to sir Walter Ralegh knight, at whose charge and direction, the said voyage was set forth.”
20. Lawson, p. 62.
21. Karen Ordahl Kupperman, Indians and English (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2000) p. 34.
22. Richard Hakluyt, The Principal Navigations…#29: “A briefe and true report of the new found land of Virginia: of the commodities there found, and to be raised, aswell merchantable as others: Written by Thomas Heriot, seruant to Sir Walter Ralegh, a member of the Colony, and there imployed in discouering a full tweluemonth.”
23. “Archdale’s Description of Carolina, 1707,” from Alexander S. Salley, Jr., editor, Narratives of Early Carolina, 1650–1708 (New York: Scribner's, 1911) p. 286.
24. Lawson, p. 10.
25. Ibid., p. 224.
26. La Vere, p. 98.
27. Ibid. See pp. 97–99.
28. E. Lawrence Lee, Indian Wars in North Carolina 1663–1763 (Raleigh: Office of Archives and History/North Carolina Department of Cultural Resources, 2011), p. 3.
29. Lawson, p. 234.
Chapter 22
1. David La Vere,. The Tuscarora War (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2013), p. 185.
2. Ibid., pp. 197–200.
3. Swanton, John Reed. The Indian Tribes of North America (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1952), p. 170. Also La Vere, pp. 147–8.
4. La Vere, p. 198.
5. C. D. Brewington, The Five Civilized Indian Tribes of Eastern North Carolina. Edited by Oscar M. Bizzell (Newton Grove, NC: Sampson County Historical Society, 1994) pp. 15–24.
6. Swanton, pp. 15–24.
7. Richard Hakluyt, The Principal Navigations…#29: “A briefe and true report of the new found land of Virginia: of the commodities there found, and to be raised, aswell merchantable as others: Written by Thomas Heriot, seruant to Sir Walter Ralegh, a member of the Colony, and there imployed in discouering a full tweluemonth.”
8. The Colonial Records of North Carolina. Edited by William S. Saunders, Secretary of State. Vol II, 1713–1728 (Raleigh: P. M. Hale, Printer to the State, 1886), p. 129.
9. La Vere, p. 176.
10. Colonial Records... Vol. II, p. 172.
11. Louis Torres, Historic Resource Study of Cape Hatteras National Seashore (U.S. Department of the Interior: National Park Service, Denver Service Center, 1985) pp. 17–18.
12. Colonial Records... Vol. VI (Raleigh, NC: Joseph Daniels, Printer to the State, 1888), p. 563.
13. Ibid., p. 995.
14. Torres, pp. 27–8.
15. La Vere, pp. 203–4.
16. Ibid., pp. 205–6.
17. Hamilton McMillan, Sir Walter Raleigh’s Lost Colony. An Historical Sketch of the Attempts of Sir Walter Raleigh to Establish a Colony in Virginia, With the Traditions of an Indian Tribe in North Carolina (Wilson, NC: Advance Press, 1888), p. 11.
18. Swanton, pp. 103, 110, 186, 203, 206.
19. Colonial Records... Vol V. “Report concerning the militia in each county of North Carolina” p. 162.
20. McMillan, pp. 23–4.
21. Ibid., p. 4.
22. Brewington, pp. 15–24.
23. Ibid.
24. Roberta Estes, email to the LCRG on the status of the Lost Colony DNA Project. August 5, 2016.
25. David Beers Quinn, Set Fair for Roanoke: Voyages and Colonies 1584–1606 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1985) p. 255.
26. Estes email August 5, 2016; also see “Ananias Dare,” Wikipedia.
27. Estes email August 5, 2016.
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