1. Sister Mary McCrosson, The Bell and the River (Palo Alto: Pacific Books, 1957), 258.
2. Ibid., 106.
3. Ibid., 224.
4. Letters of Mother Joseph, June 11, 1876, Providence Archives, Seattle.
Elizabeth Parker
1. Pearl Ann Reichwein, “Guardians of the Rockies,” The Beaver, Vol. 74, No. 4 (1994).
2. Ibid.
3. R.W. Sandford, High Ideals: Canadian Pacific’s Swiss Guides 1899–1999 (Canmore: The Alpine Club of Canada & Canadian Pacific Hotels, 1999), 21.
4. Alpine Club of Canada website, www.alpineclubofcanada.ca (accessed November 10, 2010).
5. Elizabeth Parker, “The Alpine Club of Canada,” Canadian Alpine Journal, Vol. 1, No. 1 (1907): 3–8.
Kathleen Parlow
1. This was her nickname.
2. “Parlow, Kathleen,” Encyclopedia of Music in Canada, Second Edition (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1992).
3. Maida Parlow French, Kathleen Parlow: A Portrait (Toronto: Ryerson Press, 1967), vii.
4. Ibid., 40–41.
5. Ibid., 38.
6. Ibid., 86.
7. Ibid., 64.
Marie Anne Payzant
1. Linda G. Layton, A Passion for Survival (Halifax: Nimbus Publishing, 2003).
2. Cited in Layton, 74–75.
Lady Mary Pellatt
1. Bill Freeman, Casa Loma: Toronto’s Fairy-Tale Castle and its Owner, Sir Henry Pellatt (Toronto: James Lorimer & Company, 2005), 21.
2. Ibid., 17.
3. Girl Guides of Canada Collection, National Office, Toronto.
Nellie Yip Quong
1. Dianne Dodd, “Nellie Yip Quong,” Historic Sites and Monuments Board of Canada Submission Report — Person, 2007-70.
2. Ibid., 9.
3. Hilda Hellaby, Hilda Hellaby’s Story and Poems (Whitehorse: Anglican Churchwomen of Christ Church Cathedral Parish, 1983), in Dodd, 7.
Ada Annie Rae-Arthur
1. Margaret Horsfield, Cougar Annie’s Garden (Nanaimo: Salal Books, 1999), 113.
Hilda Ranscombe
1. Mary McGuire letter, February 15, 1999. Ranscombe Scrapbook. Cambridge Sports Hall of Fame.
2. Based on a quote from Bobbie Rosenfeld, Ranscombe Scrapbook.
3. Ranscombe Scrapbook.
4. Cambridge Times, February 2, 2001: 21.
5. Carly Adams, “Invisible Female Athletes: Creating a Place for the Preston Rivulettes in Canadian Sport History,” Skating into the Future: Hockey in the New Millennium I & II Conference Proceedings (University of New Brunswick, 2004).
6. Comment by N. Getty on January 7, 2011, to a blog post by Joe Pelletier, March 17, 2009. http://greatesthockeylegends.com.
7. Ranscombe Scrapbook.
Kathleen Rice
1. “What’s Next?” The Globe, July 18, 1928.
2. “Ontario Girl Winning Out as Pioneer and Prospector,” Toronto Daily Star, January 28, 1928.
3. Ibid.
4. Barbara L. Sherriff and Shelley Reuter, “Notable Canadian Women in the History of Geology,” Geoscience Canada, Vol. 21, No. 3.
5. Bessie G. Ferguson, “First Woman Prospector ‘Swings On Her Own Gate,’” The University Of Manitoba Archives, Mss 162, Box 1, Folder 1.
Marie Marguerite Rose
1. Ken Donovan, “Slavery in Louisbourg,” The Huissier, July 9, 2009. There were also about 4,000 slaves in Quebec and Ontario.
2. Alain Gelly, “Marie Marguerite Rose (vers 1717–1757),” Commission des lieux et monuments historiques du Canada rapport au feuilleton — personne, 2007-12.
3. Kenneth Donovan, “Slaves in Ile Royale, 1713–1758,” French Colonial History, Vol. 5 (2004): 33–34.
Madeleine de Roybon d’Allonne
1. Yves Landry, “Les filles du roi émigrées au Canada au XVIIe siècle,” Histoire, économie et société, Vol. 11, Issue 11-2 (1992): 201.
2. H.C. Burleigh, “Ontario’s First Lady,” Historic Kingston, Vol. 14 (1966): 73.
Katherine Ryan
1. T. Ann Brennan, The Real Klondike Kate (Fredericton: Goose Lane Editions, 1990).
2. “The Woman Called Klondike Kate,” Maclean’s, December 15, 1922.
May Sexton
1. “The Late Mrs. Sexton,” December 1923.
2. Lois K. Yorke to Mary P. Bentley, September 20, 2001, Yorke Files re: Sexton, Nova Scotia Archives and Records Management.
3. “Mrs. F.H. Sexton Passes on After Acute Suffering,” The Halifax Herald, December 15, 1923.
4. Minutes, Local Council of Women (Halifax), February 19, 1914.
5. “Women on the School Board,” Acadian Recorder, March 20, 1911.
6. “Mrs. F.H. Sexton,” Acadian Recorder, December 17, 1923.
7. “City Mourns Passing of Brilliant Woman,” The Morning Chronicle, December 15, 1923.
8. See http://giving.dal.ca/maybestsextonscholarship.
9. Mary Sexton, “Halifax Should Make a Move Towards Providing Industrial Education for Girls,” The Evening Mail, November 28, 1908.
Norma Shearer
1. Gavin Lambert, Norma Shearer (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1990), 4.
2. Stephen J. Spignesi, The Official Gone with the Wind Companion (Plume, 1993), 10.
Nell Shipman
1. Kay Armatage, The Girl from God’s Country (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2003), 3.
2. Letter from Nell Shipman to Hye Bossin, in Tom Trusky, ed., Letters from God’s Country, 1917–1970 (Boise, ID: Boise State University, 2003).
3. Nell Shipman, The Silent Screen and My Talking Heart (Boise, ID: Hemingway Western Studies Series, 1987), 46.
Angela Sidney
1.Julie Cruikshank, Life Lived Like a Story (Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press, 1990), 24.
2. Ibid., 115.
3. Ibid., 128.
4. Ibid., 36.
Charlotte Small
1. Jennifer S.H. Brown, “Charlotte Small (1785–1857),” Historic Sites and Monuments Board of Canada Submission Report — Person, 2007-13, 14, 16.
2. Cited in Aritha van Herk, “Travels with Charlotte,” Canadian Geographic, July–August 2007.
3. Andreas N. Korsos, research compiled by S. Leanne Playter, 2006, in “Mocassin Miles: The Travels of Charlotte Small 1799–1812,” in Brown, 4 and figure 1.
4. David Thompson, “Travels," unpublished manuscript, iii, 34a, circa 1847, in Brown, 11
5. Photo of gravestone, http://davidthompsonthings.com/CHARLOTTEgrave.html.
Elizabeth Smellie
1. John Murray Gibbon and Mary S. Mathewson, Three Centuries of Canadian Nursing (Toronto: Macmillan, 1947), 273.
2. Obituaries, “Miss Elizabeth L. Smellie,” Canadian Medical Association Journal, Vol. 98 (June 8, 1968): 1120.
3. Barbara Dundas and Dr. Serge Durflinger, “The Canadian Women’s Army Corps, 1941–1946,” Canadian War Museum, www.warmuseum.ca (accessed in 2008).
4. Ibid.
5. Mary R. MacLean, “Colonel Elizabeth Smellie,” Thunder Bay Historical Museum Society Papers & Records, Vol. 3 (1975): 18.
Lois Smith
1. John Mackie, “Lois Smith ‘Gave Ballet to the Country,’” Vancouver Sun, January 25, 2011.
2. See background in “The Life and Times of Lois Smith OC,” Dance Collection Danse Archives.
3. Herbert Whittaker, Canada’s National Ballet (Toronto and Montreal: McClelland & Stewart, 1967), 63.
4. Ken Bell and Celia Franca, The National Ballet of Canada (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1978), 24.
5. Mackie.
6. Ibid.
7. Kaija Pepper, “Canada’s First Prima Ballerina Joined National Ballet Sight Unseen,” Globe and Mail, February 5, 2011.
7a. Whittaker, 62.
8. Ibid., 67.
Ethel Stark
1. The term “podium feminism” is used by Arthur Kaptainis, “Putting Down the Spatula Picking up the Baton,” The Gazette, March 9, 1991.
2. “Woman Musicians Se
t the Pace for the Future,” The Gazette, November 19, 1995.
3. John Kalbfleisch, “Pioneering Violinist, Conductor Blazed Trail for Women,” The Gazette, February 2, 2003.
4. “Cherished 18th-Century Violin Stolen,” The Gazette, June 20, 1990.
5. Arthur Kaptainis, “Pioneer Likes a Challenge: Violinist and Conductor Ethel Stark Founded a Women’s Symphony,” The Gazette, April 24, 2010.
6. Lou Seligson, Canadian Jewish News, n.d.
Anna Swan
1. Anna Swan Museum at the Creamery.
2. Robert Bogdan, Freak Show (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1990), viii.
3. Confirmed by Dale Swan, email to author, July 11, 2010.
4. Phyllis R. Blakeley, Nova Scotia’s Two Remarkable Giants (Windsor, NS: Lancelot Press, 1972), 10.
5. Shirley Irene Vacon, Giants of Nova Scotia (Lawrencetown Beach, NS: Pottersfield Press, 2008), 29.
6. Ibid., 20.
Émilie Tremblay
1. Jennifer Duncan, Frontier Spirit: The Brave Women of the Klondike (Toronto: Doubleday Canada, 2003), 101.
2. Ibid., 88
3. Ibid., 90.
Mary Schäffer Warren
1. “An Early Jasper Tea Party,” Edmonton Bulletin, n.d.
2. Mary T.S. Schäffer, Old Indian Trails of the Canadian Rockies (New York: Putnam’s, 1911), 3.
3. Ibid., 13.
4. Ibid.
5. Rudyard Kipling, Letters of Travel (1892–1913), Project Gutenberg, www.gutenberg.org/files/12089/12089-h/12089-h.htm (accessed January 23, 2010), Chapter 16.
6. Schäffer, 15.
7. Ibid., 16.
Maud Watt
1. William Ashley Anderson, Angel of Hudson Bay (New York: Dutton, 1961), 177.
2. Ibid., 15.
3. Maud Watt, “Nascopie Honeymoon,” The Beaver, March 1938: 23.
4. Quebec, Débats de l’assemblée (June 13, 2007), Vol. 40, No. 20 (M. Claude Béchard), www.assnat.qc.ca/Fra/38legislature1/Debats/journal/ch/070613.htm #_Toc169593877.
5. Anderson, 81.
Esther Wheelwright
1. Julie Wheelwright, Esther: The Remarkable True Story of Esther Wheelwright (Toronto: HarperCollins Publishers, 2011), 56.
2. “Copie d’une lettre de Soeur Wheelwright de l’Enfant-Jésus,” AMUQ, cited in Wheelwright, 181.
Charlotte Whitton
1. Roger Morier, “Style and Substance: The Career of Charlotte Whitton,” Canadian Women’s Studies, Vol. 3, No. 1 (1981): 67.
2. Charlotte Whitton, “Will Women Ever Run the Country?” Maclean’s, August 1, 1952: 17.
3. P.T. Rooke and R.L. Schnell, No Bleeding Heart: Charlotte Whitton a Feminist on the Right (Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press, 1987), 151.
4. Ibid., 143.
5. Ibid., 69–71.
6. Sammy Hudes, “The Controversial Legacy of Charlotte Whitton,” IsraelNationalNews.com (accessed August 20, 2010).
7. Ibid.
8. Catherine Lawson, “Whitton in Love,” Ottawa Citizen, February 23, 2005.
9. Rooke and Schnell, 37, 57–62. The book was written prior to release of Charlotte’s letters to Margaret Grier.
10. Lawson.
11. Rooke and Schnell, 2.
Mona Wilson
1. A description of Mona Wilson from W.J.P. MacMillan, the onetime minister of health for Prince Edward Island, in Dianne Dodd, “Mona Gordon Wilson,” Historic Sites and Monuments Board of Canada Submission Report — Person, 2007-53, 7.
2. Douglas O. Baldwin, She Answered Every Call (Charlottetown: Indigo Press, 1997), 228.
3. Dodd, 10.
4. Baldwin, x.
5. Ibid., 159–60.
6. Ibid., 299.
7. Ibid., 168.
Florence Wyle
1. Elspeth Cameron, And Beauty Answers: The Life of Frances Loring and Florence Wyle (Toronto: Cormorant Books, 2007), 57, 359.
2. Ibid., 77, 101, 122.
3. Ibid., 337.
4. Ibid., 332.
5. Kay Kritzwiser, Globe Magazine, April 7, 1962.
Letitia Youmans
1. A phrase Letitia used, Letitia Youmans, Campaign Echoes: The Autobiography of Mrs. Letitia Youmans (Toronto: William Briggs, 1893?), viii.
2. Ibid., 207.
3. She worked for Mary E. Adams, see page 23.
4. Youmans, 59.
5. Ibid., 173.
6. T.A. Crowley, “Letitia Creighton,” DCB, www.biographi.ca.
7. Youmans, 263.
Selected Bibliography
Books and Reports
Adams, Annmarie, and Petra Tancred. Designing Women: Gender and the Architectural Profession. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2000.
Anderson, William Ashley. Angel of Hudson Bay: The True Story of Maud Watt. New York: E.P. Dutton & Co., 1961.
Armatage, Kay. The Girl from God’s Country: Nell Shipman and the Silent Cinema. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2003.
Awid, Richard Asmet, and Marlene Hamdon. Through the Eyes of the Son — A Factual History about Canadian Arabs. Edmonton: Accent Printing, 2000.
Backhouse, Constance. Colour-Coded: A Legal History of Racism in Canada 1900–1950. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2001.
Baldwin, Douglas O. She Answered Every Call: The Life of Public Health Nurse Mona Gordon Wilson (1894–1981). Charlottetown: Indigo Press, 1997.
Bataille, Gretchen M., ed. Native American Women: A Biographical Dictionary. New York & London: Garland Publishing, 1993.
Beaulieu, Michel S., and Ronald N. Harpelle, eds. The Lady Lumberjack: An Annotated Collection of Dorothea Mitchell’s Writings. Thunder Bay: Centre for Northern Studies, 2005.
Bell, Ken, and Celia Franca. The National Ballet of Canada: A Celebration. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1978.
Binnie-Clark, Georgina. Wheat and Woman. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2007.
Black, Harry. Canadian Scientists and Inventors: Biographies of People Who Have Shaped Our World. Markham: Pembroke Publishers, 2008.
Blakeley, Phyllis R. Nova Scotia’s Two Remarkable Giants. Windsor, NS: Lancelot Press, 1972.
Brennan, T. Ann. The Real Klondike Kate. Fredericton: Goose Lane Editions, 1990.
Brotman, Ruth C. Pauline Donalda: The Life and Career of a Canadian Prima Donna. Montreal: The Eagle Publishing Co., 1975.
Brown, Kelly R. Florence Lawrence, The Biograph Girl: America’s First Movie Star. Jefferson, North Carolina, and London: McFarland & Company, 1999.
Brown, Rosemary. Being Brown: A Very Public Life. Toronto: Random House, 1989.
Browne, Lois. Girls of Summer: In Their Own League. Toronto: HarperCollins Publishers Ltd., 1992.
Calvert, Rev. R. The Story of Abigail Becker, the Heroine of Long Point. Toronto: William Briggs, 1899.
Cameron, Elspeth. And Beauty Answers: The Life of Frances Loring and Florence Wyle. Toronto: Cormorant Books, 2007.
Campbell, John. The Mazinaw Experience: Bon Echo and Beyond. Toronto: Natural Heritage Books, 2000.
Canadian Hostelling Association. Fifty Years of Canadian Hostelling. Calgary: Detselig Enterprises, Ltd., 1988.
Carter, Sarah, and Patricia A. McCormick, eds. Lives of Aboriginal Women of the Canadian Northwest and Borderlands. Edmonton: Athabasca University, 2011.
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