gold-standard reputation of, 26, 57, 73
Jeanie Johnston built by, 28–29, 30
Jeanie Johnston’s launch and, 52–53
philanthropy by, 26–27, 52, 156
shipyard of, 26–29, 30, 51–52, 53, 155, 156, 204
Murphy, Hugh, 75, 99, 103
Murphy family, 14, 68, 134, 150
Nashville, Battle of, 187
Native Americans, 26, 145, 147, 187
Navigational Acts, 124–25
New Brunswick, 134
Newfoundland, 105, 183
New Orleans, La., 33, 34, 52, 68
New York, N.Y., 21, 52, 68, 109, 122, 123, 124, 132, 138, 157, 187, 202, 210
Five Points slum in, 123, 146
mass immigration into, 33–34, 35, 47, 135, 153
quarantine stations in, 33–34, 35
typhus pandemic in, 33–34
Nichols, Samuel, 179, 210
Northern Ireland, 101
O’Brien, Harriet Bunberry, xiii, 93, 94, 120, 121, 163, 188–89, 190
O’Brien, James K., xiii, xv, xvi, 93, 94, 162–63, 190–91
debts and unpaid taxes of, 119–20, 162–63, 164, 188, 189
private detectives in pursuit of, 188, 189–91
racehorse purchased by, 163, 164, 165, 189
real-estate venture of, 120–21
shady business practices of, xvi, 119, 120, 162, 188–89, 190, 191, 203
whiskey bonds of, xvi, 120, 162, 189, 190
O’Brien’s Saloon, xv, xvi, 94–95, 162
outstanding debts of, 119, 120
Ocean Monarch, 100
O’Connell, John, 154
O’Leary, Anne, 140, 141, 146
O’Leary, Eliza, 140–41, 145–46, 147, 148
O’Leary, Jerry, 140, 141, 146
O’Leary, Mary, 140, 141, 146
Olmsted, Frederick Law, 148
Omega, 90
Order of the Star-Spangled Banner, 147
Orinoco, 111
O’Sullivan, Joanna, 5
O’Sullivan, John, 5
Outline of a New Physiognomy (Redfield), 147–48
Palmer, Agnes, 214
Paris Peace Conference (1919), 212
Parliament, British, 6, 9, 12, 17, 20, 32, 39, 59, 64, 128, 150, 156, 167
Encumbered Estates Act passed by, 123, 127, 154
Grey’s relief policies criticized in, 41, 42
Grey’s state-assisted emigration policy proposal and, 20–21
immigrant shipping regulations and, 59, 79, 80, 116
safety of immigrant vessels investigated by, 69, 125–26
Trevelyan’s relief policies openly criticized in, 39
Parliament, Irish, 69
Passenger Acts, 126
Patterson, William, 101–2
Peel, Robert, 6, 19, 39
pellagra, 168
Pennsylvania, 1, 3, 35
People’s Line of Steamers, 156
Perry, A. W., 164–65
Peterson, Christian, 140, 144
Philadelphia, Pa., 3, 33, 135
Phoenix, 74
Phytophthora infestans, 2–3
Pigeon, 206
poorhouses, 33, 64, 67
Poor Law Commissions, xiii, 19, 67, 127, 128, 129, 131, 153, 194
poor unions, 40–41, 66, 67
potato farming, 8–9, 10, 11, 19, 33, 130
see also Irish Potato Famine Prendergast, James, 5–6, 39
Protestants, 9, 11, 14, 67, 80
Providentialism, 18, 40, 81, 147, 212
Quakers, 6, 19, 35, 64, 93, 126–27
quarantine stations, 52, 59–60, 61, 90, 112, 142, 200
inadequate medical care at, 33–34, 44, 45–47, 49–50, 59
infections of staff members at, 34, 46, 50
medical screenings at, 112, 115–16, 117–18, 142, 151, 175
mortality rates at, 34
in New York City, 33–34, 35
supply shortages and overcrowding of, 33–34, 35, 59
typhus pandemics at, 46, 47, 50, 59
see also Grosse Île quarantine station
Quebec, 26, 28, 47, 53, 74, 75, 77, 84, 108, 122, 123, 135, 174, 175, 179, 183, 184
cholera outbreaks in, 173, 193
congested port of, 53–54, 108
harsh weather conditions in, 31–32, 110–11, 114
quarantine station in, see Grosse Île quarantine station
steam age in, 155–56
Quebec, 46–47
Quebec City, 22–25, 26, 31, 39, 61, 117, 118, 156, 208
cholera outbreak in, 193
fever sheds in, 51, 112, 117
fire of 1845 in, 27, 28, 155
mass influx of immigrants into, 23–24, 29, 44, 46, 51, 113, 153
Munn’s shipyard in, 23, 26–29, 30, 51–52, 53, 73, 155, 156, 204
”swamp ague” in, 32
timber camps in, 22–23, 32
typhus pandemic in, 32–33, 112
Queen, 46–47
Queenstown, Ireland, 150, 174, 196, 199
see also Cobh, Ireland
Radke, Michael Friedrich, 221n–22n
railroad industry, 30, 65, 158, 188, 192
emigrant trains of, 156–57
Irish immigrant labor exploited in, 146–47, 159, 160–61, 184, 185, 186
Rajah, 134
Rathbun, Elsie, 213, 214
Redesdale, Lord, 125
Redfield, James, 147–48
Reilly, Annie, 202
Reilly, Cecilia (daughter), 213
Reilly, Cecilia Bunberry, xiii, xv, xvi, 92, 93, 94, 95, 120, 121, 163, 164, 189, 211, 213
Reilly, Cornelius, 65
Reilly, Daniel, xiii, 3, 10, 21, 62, 63–65, 85–86, 94, 158–61, 202
American farmstead established by, 92
arrival of potato blight and, 3, 5, 6, 7
death of, 202
in decision to leave Ireland, 7, 65, 84
as farmer in Ireland, 3, 5, 11–12, 63, 64, 158, 160
at Grosse Île quarantine station, 114–15, 117–18
on Jeanie Johnston voyage, 87, 89, 90, 98, 99, 104, 114
as railroad worker, 160–61, 186
in westbound train journey, 156–57
Reilly, Eugene (Daniel’s brother), 5
Reilly, Eugene (Daniel’s son), xv, 93, 95, 162
Reilly, Helen, xv, 120
Reilly, John (Indiana), 65
Reilly, John (Daniel’s son), 159
Reilly, Margaret Foran, xiii, 5, 11, 64, 84, 85–86, 90, 92–93, 94, 104, 114, 202
at Grosse Île quarantine station, 117–18
labor and childbirth of, 88–89, 98
in Liberty, Ind., 158–59
pregnancies of, 5, 65, 85, 87
in recovery from childbirth, 98, 117
Reilly, Michael, 65
Reilly, Nicholas, xiii, xvi–xviii, 104, 117, 118, 119–21, 137, 159, 162–65, 188–89, 191, 202
as bartender at O’Brien’s Saloon, xv, xvi, 94–95, 119
birth at sea of, xvii, 88–89, 91, 98, 211
death of, 211, 213
Fergus Falls fire and, 163–65
middle names of, xvii, 89, 92
in move to Fergus Falls, 93–94
saloon owned by, 188, 190, 202–3
schoolhouse apartment of, 121, 162
wedding of, 92
Reilly, Robert (Nicholas’s brother), 11, 64–65, 85–86, 87, 93, 99, 104, 118, 159
Reilly, Robert E. (Nicholas’s son), 203, 213
Reilly, William, xv, 94, 95, 120
Reilly’s Bar, 188, 190, 202–3
Republican Landmarks (Sanderson), 147
Rhinow, Adjutant General, 214
Robert Jackson, 108
Roberts, Henry, 179
Rocke, George, 52
Roslyn Castle, 133
Rowland Hill, 47
Royal Navy, 26, 75, 77, 131
Rudolf, Edward, 205–6
Russell, John, xiii, 18, 19, 30, 39, 40,
128, 150, 167
St. Andrews, New Brunswick, 184, 185–86
St. Brendan the Navigator, 89
St. John, 111
St. Lawrence, Gulf of, 53, 105, 106, 107, 108, 183, 184
St. Lawrence River, 21, 22, 31, 44, 48, 107, 111, 114, 115, 116
St. Paul Fire & Marine Insurance Company, 165
Sanderson, John, 147
schooners, 55, 96, 97, 101, 105, 134, 136, 140, 144, 180, 206
Scotland, 53
scurvy, 76, 79
seasickness, 98, 99, 106, 117, 149, 199
Seldon, Gabriel, 75, 87, 99, 103, 107, 138, 140, 145, 172
sextants, 55, 100, 105
Shipping Acts, 139
ship’s doctors, 50, 79, 196, 197–99
increased public scrutiny on, 173, 198–99, 200
misguided theories on disease and, 79, 98
see also Blennerhassett, Richard
shipwrecks, 74, 90, 104, 108, 109, 133, 181, 182, 183, 184
close-call rescues from, 205–7, 208–10
Sibley expedition, 187
Silver Creek, Mich., 92, 93
Singer, Isaac, 177
slaves, slavery, 26, 42, 48, 56, 145, 148
Slettede, Sissenine June, 214
smallpox, 131, 142
Smith, Adam, 127
Snowe, John, 194
Sophia Elizabeth, 181, 210
soup kitchens, 6, 19, 41, 64, 67, 126, 134
South America, 3, 42, 82
Staten Island, N.Y., 33, 35
steamer ships, 101, 155–56
steam revolution, 155–56, 157, 204
stirabout, 19
Stokes, George, 67, 68, 128
sugar plantations, 16, 21, 42, 82
Sullivan, Florence, 139–40, 144–45, 147
Sullivan (Irish immigrant), 186
Sullivan Troupe’s Irish Revue, xv, xvi
Sultan, 206
Syria, 44–45
Telegraph, 178
Thomas, William, 144
Thoreau, Henry David, 160
Thoughts on Scarcity (Burke), 127
timber trade industry, 8, 11, 20, 21, 22–23, 32, 37, 38, 57, 68, 70, 73, 74, 122, 140, 166, 205, 208
Titanic, 105
tornados, 213–14
Toronto, Ontario, 189
Toronto, 172
Tralee, Ireland, 3, 5, 10–11, 24, 39, 64, 65, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 81, 82, 83, 132–34, 136, 159, 169, 174, 181, 184
Board of Guardians in, 66–67, 128, 130, 131, 139, 153, 170–72, 195
cholera outbreaks in, 143, 194
disposing of dead in, 62–63, 194–95
Donovan’s influence in, 13–14, 132, 153–54, 207
freak storms and flooding in, 132–33
growing emigrant shipping industry in, 133–34, 171–72, 178
harsh living conditions in, 6, 10, 12, 13, 15, 17, 39, 62–63, 64, 67, 70, 83, 85, 130–32, 153
hostile landscape and weather in, 10–11, 84–85, 86, 132–33
Jeanie Johnston’s heralded first voyage to, 77–78
locusts in, 62, 63
poverty in, 11, 13, 15, 17
theft in, 85
trade and commerce center of, 12–13, 14, 122, 132, 133
violent mobs in, 64
workhouse in, 63, 67, 130–32, 153, 171–72, 194
Tralee Chronicle, 62–63, 68, 91
Treasury, HM, 13, 18, 39, 127, 128–29
Trevelyan, Charles, xiii, 18–19, 21, 39–41, 67, 68, 126, 127, 130, 150, 204
arrogance of, 39–40
criticisms of, 39, 127–29
laissez-faire relief polices of, 40–41, 127–28, 129
localized famine-relief union system of, 40–41
Providential viewpoint of, 18, 40
Twisleton critical of policies of, 127, 128–29
Twisleton, Edward, xiii, 41, 81, 127, 128
Trevelyan’s policies criticized by, 127, 128–29
work-for-food schemes of, 41, 64
Twyford, Thomas, 140
typhus, 32–36, 44–45, 46, 47, 49, 50, 100, 110, 112, 173, 193, 195
ineffectual treatments of, 59
in Ireland, 62–63, 83, 143
mortality rates of, 33, 44, 46, 53, 58, 61, 83
spread of, 32–33, 60
symptoms and effects of, 34
United States, 3, 20, 51
anti-immigrant hysteria in, 35–36, 37, 42, 47
anti-Irish discrimination in, xvi, 147–48
biological weapons program of, 3
cholera outbreaks in, 160, 173, 192
economic panics in, 31, 222n
gold rush in, 136
human trafficking in, 145
Irish illegal immigration into, 38–39
Manifest Destiny in, 147, 202, 212
Mexican-American War in, 31
naval law and immigrant vessel regulations in, 138, 142
temperance movement in, 119
typhus pandemic in, 33–36, 47
Van Buren, Augustus, 34
Versailles, Treaty of, 212
Victoria, Queen of England, 6, 7, 124, 153, 166–67, 202
trips to Ireland of, 149–51, 155, 167, 177–78
Victoria and Albert, 149–50, 151
Villiers, Alan, 96
Von Iffland, Anthony, 192–93
Wadsworth, 50, 53
Walden (Thoreau), 160
Watts, Will, 190
Wealth of Nations, The (Smith), 127
weather-glass, 55, 183
Wellington, 173
Whitaker, John, 162, 163
White, John, 141–42, 143
Whitford, Joe, 94
Whyte, Robert, 47, 48, 69, 80
Wilson, Woodrow, 212, 213
Wilson Kennedy, 28, 206–7
work-for-food schemes, 41, 64
workhouses, 39, 63, 64, 67, 130–32, 134, 153, 171–72, 194, 195
living conditions in, 131–32
World War I, 212–13
Xhosa people, 167
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Copyright © 2013 by Kathryn Miles
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Miles, Kathryn, date.
All standing: the true story of hunger, rebellion, and survival aboard the Jeanie Johnston / Kathryn Miles.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
1. Ireland––History––Famine, 1845–1852. 2. Ireland––Emigration and immigration. 3. United States––Emigration and immigration. 4. Jeanie Johnston (Ship). I. Title.
DA950.7 M55 2013
941.5081––dc23 2012034035
ISBN 978-1-4516-1013-0
ISBN 978-1-4516-1016-1 (ebook)
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