Compton, 322
examples through history, 2
Hale, 237
Herschel’s, 179–81, 185–6
Horrocks’ poem about, 115
Hubble Space, 237, 241, 317, 319–22, 345
invention, 100–1
Jodrell Bank, 261
Keck Telescopes, 321
Mount Wilson, 234, 235
new techniques, 321
radio, 259–63
reflecting, 131, 179–81
Spitzer Space, 322–3
Tempel 1 (comet), 324–5
tensor calculus, 224
Thales, 23
thermodynamics, 298–9
3C 48 (star), 279
3C 273 (star), 279, 280
tides, 10
time
and black holes, 277, 278
and special theory of relativity, 213, 215
time measurement
on board ship, 172–6
and distance from equator, 169–70
length of months, 42
and longitude calculation, 163–76
origin of days of the week, 19
origin of minutes and seconds, 18
see also calendars; clocks and watches
Titan, 316–17, 364
Toledo, 59, 65–6
Tombaugh, Clyde, 318
Towneley, Richard, 152
trigonometry, 57
Triton, 317
Tully, Brent, 342
21-cm hydrogen line, 342–3, 346–7
Twin Quasar, 223
umbra, 28
uncertainty principle, 250
unified field theory, 333–7
universe
age, 154, 241–2, 344–5
expansion, 221–2, 231–2, 239–43, 353–7
“Great Debate,” 233–4
infinity of, 154–5, 353–5
measuring, 340–9
nature of, 285–9
size, 187–8, 200–1, 231–4, 237–9
steady-state theory, 243, 297, 327–9
structure, 344–52
Uraniborg, 84–6
uranium, 249
Uranus, 182–4, 312, 317, 360–1
Urban VIII, Pope (Cardinal Barberini), 104, 105, 106
Urey, Harold, 364
vacuum energy theory, 356
Venera probes, 310
Venus
ancients’ understanding of movements, 10
and Copernican cosmology, 77, 78
death, 253
exploration, 310–11
orbit and size, 119–23
phases, 102
use to determine Earth–Sun distance, 177
Viking missions, 307–8
virtual particles, 300–1
voids, 352
Vostok I, 305–6
Voyager probes, 312, 316, 317
Wallis, John, 112–13, 156
watches see clocks and watches
water hole, 274
Watzenrode, Lucas, 72, 73
wave equation, 250
Whiston, William, 170–1
white dwarfs, 254
Wickens, John, 129
Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy probe, 329
Willis, Roger, 173
Winteler, Jost, 211
wormholes, 279
Worthington, John, 113, 119
Wren, Christopher, 138–40, 165–6
X-rays, 197, 273, 322, 324
zero, 55
zodiac constellations, 12
Zwicky, Fritz, 223, 349
The Story of Astronomy Page 28