40Barnett, ‘A Successful Counter-Stroke’, p. 48.
41Ludendorff, War Memories, p. 677. Ludendorff contradicted himself here for on the previous page (p. 676), he observed that the ‘six American divisions that had taken part in the battle had suffered particularly severely without achieving any success’.
42‘The Advance to Victory’ is the sub-title to Volume V of Brigadier General Sir James E. Edmonds’ History of the Great War.
43Dwight D. Eisenhower, Crusade in Europe (London: William Heinemann, 1948), p. 489. Chapter 23, ‘Operation “Study”’, is well worth reading today.
44By way of contrast, Montgomery’s 21st Army Group of 1944–45 was about a third of the size of the BEF of 1917–18. Yet there was an important difference between the two wars: the Royal Air Force of World War II was greatly stronger in both size and effect. There was simply not enough manpower and equipment available to furnish Montgomery with the additional 12 divisions he would have required to fight the campaign in North-west Europe in a manner he desired.
45The Kirke Report, PRO WO33/1297, Report of the Committee on the Lessons of the Great War (London: War Office, October 1932), reproduced in Colonel (Ret’d) Mike Crawshaw OBE (ed.), The British Army Review, Special Edition (April 2001), p. 37.
46Robert Allan Doughty, The Seeds of Disaster: The Development of French Army Doctrine, 1919–1939 (Hamden: Archon Books, 1985), p. 90.
SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY
Chapter 1
Boff, Jonathan, Winning and Losing on the Western Front: The British Third Army and the Defeat of Germany in 1918 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012)
Chickering, Roger and Stig Förster (eds), Great War, Total War: Combat and Mobilization on the Western Front, 1914–1918 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000)
Duppler, Jörg and Gerhard P. Groß (eds), Kriegsende 1918: Ereignis, Wirkung, Nachwirkung (Munich: Oldenbourg, 1999)
Gerwarth, Robert, The Vanquished: Why the First World War Failed to End, 1917–1923 (London: Allan Lane, 2016)
Herwig, Holger, The First World War: Germany and Austria-Hungary 1914–1918 (London: Bloomsbury, second edition 2014)
Horne, John (ed.), A Companion to World War I (Oxford: Blackwell, 2012) Ludendorff, Erich, My War Memories 1914–1918, vol. II (London: Hutchinson, 1920) Kitchen, Martin, The German Offensives of 1918 (Stroud: Tempus, 2001)
Melvin, Mungo (ed.), The First World War Battlefield Guide, vol. I, The Western Front (Andover: [British] Army Headquarters, second edition 2015)
Reichsarchiv, Der Weltkrieg 1914–18, vol. XIV, Die Kriegführung an der Westfront im Jahre 1918 (Berlin: Mittler und Sohn, 1944)
Stevenson, David, With our Backs to the Wall: Victory and Defeat in 1918 (London: Penguin, 2012)
Weber, Thomas, Hitler: The Making of a Nazi (New York: Basic Books, 2017)
Chapter 2
Barnett, Correlli, The Swordbearers: Studies in Supreme Command in the First World War (London: Eyre & Spottiswoode, 1963)
Boff, Jonathan, Crown Prince Rupprecht and Germany’s War on the Western Front (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2018)
Görlitz, Walter, History of the German General Staff, 1657–1945 (New York: Praeger, 1953)
Great Britain, War Office General Staff, Handbook of the German Army in the War, April 1918 (London: Arms & Armour Press, reprint 1977)
Groß, Gerhard, The Myth and Reality of German Warfare: Operational Thinking from Moltke the Elder to Heusinger (Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 2016)
Gudmundsson, Bruce I., Stormtroop Tactics: Innovation in the German Army, 1914–1918 (New York: Praeger, 1989)
Ludendorff, General Erich, My War Memories, 1914–1918, 2 vols (London: Hutchinson, 1920)
Ludendorff, General Erich, Urkunden der Obersten Heeresleitung über ihre Tätigkeit 1916/18 (Berlin: Mittler und Sohn, 1921)
Millotat, Christian O. E., Understanding the Prussian-German General Staff System (Carlisle, PA: Army War College, 1992)
Oberkommando des Heeres, Der Weltkrieg 1914 bis 1918, vol. 12, Die Kriegsführung im Frühjahr 1917 (Berlin: Mittler und Sohn, 1939)
Oberkommando des Heeres, Der Weltkrieg 1914 bis 1918, vol. 13, Die Kriegsführung im Sommer und Herbst 1917 (Berlin: Mittler und Sohn, 1942)
Oberkommando des Heeres, Der Weltkrieg 1914 bis 1918, vol. 14, Die Kriegsführung an der Westfront im Jahre 1918 (Berlin: Mittler und Sohn, 1944)
Rupprecht, Kronprinz von Bayern, In Treue Fest: Mein Kriegstagebuch, 3 vols (Munich: Deutscher National Verlag, 1929)
Showalter, Dennis, Instrument of War: The German Army 1914–18 (Oxford: Osprey Publishing, 2016)
Wilhelm II, The Kaiser’s Memoirs 1888–1918 (London: Harper Brothers, 1922)
Zabecki, David T., Steel Wind: Colonel Georg Bruchmüller and the Birth of Modern Artillery (Wesport: Praeger, 1994)
Zabecki, David T., The German 1918 Offensives: A Case Study in the Operational Level of War (London: Routledge, 2006)
Zabecki, David T., Chief of Staff: The Principal Officers Behind History’s Great Commanders, vol. I, Napoleonic Wars to World War I (Annapolis: US Naval Institute Press, 2008)
Zabecki, David T. and Dieter Biedekarken (eds and trans.), Lossberg’s War: The Memoirs of a World War I German Chief of Staff (Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 2017)
Chapter 3
The main archives for the records of the French Army during the war are held at the Service Historique de la Défense at Château de Vincennes near Paris. In the early 1920s, the French General Staff began publishing an official history of the war. This series would eventually number over 100 volumes in eight tomes. These official history volumes included copies of original documents and maps. These volumes are an invaluable resource for anyone researching the activities of the French Army during the war. Imprimerie Nationale, Les Armées Françaises dans la Grande Guerre (Paris, 1922–39).
Becker, Jean-Jacques, The Great War and the French People (Oxford: Berg, 1985) Clayton, Anthony, Paths of Glory: the French Army 1914–18 (London: Cassell, 2003)
Doughty, Robert, Pyrrhic Victory: French Strategy and Operations in the Great War (Harvard: Harvard University Press, 2005)
French General Staff, French Trench Warfare 1917–1918: A Reference Manual (English translation, Imperial War Museum, 2009)
Greenhalgh, Elizabeth, Foch in Command: The Forging of a First World War General (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2011)
Greenhalgh, Elizabeth, The French Army and the First World War (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2014)
McPhail, Helen, The Long Silence: the Tragedy of Occupied France in World War 1 (London: I.B. Tauris, 2014)
Murphy, David, Breaking Point of the French Army: the Nivelle Offensive of 1917 (Barnsley: Pen & Sword, 2015)
Pierrefeu, Jean de, French Headquarters, 1915–1918 (Paris, n.d.[1923?], General Books reprint, London)
Porch, Douglas, The French Secret Services: a History of French Intelligence From the Dreyfus Affair to the Gulf War (New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux, 1995)
Sumner, Ian, French Poilu 1914–18 (Oxford: Osprey, 2009)
Sumner, Ian, They Shall Not Pass: the French Army on the Western Front, 1914–1918 (Barnsley: Pen & Sword, 2012)
Williams, Charles, Pétain (London: Little, Brown, 2005)
Zaloga, Steven J., French Tanks of World War I (Oxford: Osprey, 2010)
Chapter 4
Beach, Jim, Haig’s Intelligence: GHQ and the German Army, 1916–18 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013)
Beckett, Ian, Timothy Bowman and Mark Connelly, The British Army and the First World War (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2017)
Boff, Jonathan, Winning and Losing on the Western Front: The British Third Army and the Defeat of Germany in 1918 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012)
Boff, Jonathan, Haig’s Enemy: Crown Prince Rupprecht and Germany’s War on the Western Front (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2018)
Fox, Aimée, Learning to Fight: Milit
ary Innovation and Change in the British Army, 1914–1918 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2017)
Griffith, Paddy, Battle Tactics of the Western Front: The British Army’s Art of Attack 1916–18 (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1994)
Griffith, Paddy (ed.), British Fighting Methods in the Great War (London: Frank Cass, 1996)
Harris, J. P., Sir Douglas Haig and the First World War (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008)
Harris, J. P. with Niall Barr, Amiens to the Armistice: The BEF in the Hundred Days Campaign, 8 August–11 November 1918 (London: Brassey’s, 1998)
Lloyd, Nick, Hundred Days: The End of the Great War (London: Viking, 2013)
Philpott, William, Bloody Victory: The Sacrifice on the Somme and the Making of the Twentieth Century (London: Little, Brown, 2009)
Prior, Robin and Trevor Wilson, Command on the Western Front: The Military Career of Sir Henry Rawlinson (Barnsley: Pen & Sword 2004 [1992])
Robbins, Simon, British Generalship on the Western Front 1914–18: Defeat into Victory (London: Frank Cass, 2005)
Samuels, Martin, Command or Control? Command, Training and Tactics in the British and German Armies, 1888–1918 (London: Frank Cass, 1995)
Sheffield, Gary, Forgotten Victory: The First World War: Myths and Realities (London: Headline, 2001)
Sheffield, Gary, The Chief: Douglas Haig and the British Army (London: Aurum, 2011)
Simkins, Peter, From the Somme to Victory: The British Army’s Experience on the Western Front 1916–1918 (Barnsley: Pen & Sword, 2014)
Simpson, Andy, Directing Operations: British Corps Command on the Western Front 1914–18 (Stroud: Spellmount, 2006)
Stevenson, David, With Our Backs to the Wall: Victory and Defeat in 1918 (London: Allen Lane, 2011)
Travers, Tim, How the War Was Won: Command and Technology in the British Army on the Western Front, 1917–1918 (London: Routledge, 1992)
Chapter 5
Coffman, Edward M., The War to End All Wars: The American Experience in World War I (New York: Oxford University Press, 1968)
Davenport, Matthew, First Over There: The Attack On Cantigny, America’s First Battle of World War I (New York: Thomas Dunne Books, 2015)
Finnegan, Terrence J., Delicate Affair on the Western Front: America Learns How to Fight a Modern War in the Woëvre Trenches (Stroud: The History Press, 2015)
Grotelueschen, Mark Ethan, The AEF Way of War: The American Army and Combat in World War I (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2007)
Lengel, Edward G., Thunder and Flames: Americans in the Crucible of Combat (Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 2015)
Palmer, Frederick, John J. Pershing, General of the Armies: A Biography (Harrisburg: Military Service Publishing Company, 1948)
Pederson, Peter, Hamel: Battleground Europe (Barnsley: Pen and Sword, 2003)
Pershing, John J., My Experiences in the World War (New York: Frederick A. Stokes Company, 1937)
Yockelson, Mitchell, Borrowed Soldiers: Americans under British Command, 1918 (Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press, 2008)
Yockelson, Mitchell, Forty-Seven Days: How Pershing’s Warriors Came of Age to Defeat the German Army in World War I (New York: New American Library, 2016)
Chapter 6
Baumgart, Winfried, Deutsche Ostpolitik 1918 – von Brest-Litowsk bis zum Ende des Ersten Weltkrieges (Vienna: Oldenbourg, 1966)
Fassy, Gerard, Le Commandement français en Orient (octobre 1915–novembre 1918) (Paris: Economica, 2003)
Gooch, John, The Italian Army in the First World War (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2014)
Kalvoda, Josef, The Genesis of Czechoslovakia (East European Monographs 209: Boulder, 1986)
Kettle, Michael, The Allies and the Russian Collapse, March 1917 to March 1918 (London: Routledge, 1981)
Kettle, Michael, The Road to Intervention: March to November 1918 (London: Routledge, 1988)
Mawdsley, Ewan, The Russian Civil War (Edinburgh: Birlinn, 2nd ed. 2008)
Minniti, Fortunato, Il Piave (Bologna: Mulino, 2000)
Torrey, Glenn, The Romanian Battlefront in World War I (Lawrence: University of Kansas, 2011)
Chapter 7
Brown, Malcolm (ed.), T.E. Lawrence in War and Peace (London: Greenhill, 2005)
Falls, Cyril, and A. F. Becke, Military Operations, Egypt and Palestine, vol. II (London: HMSO, 1930)
Gingeras, Ryan, Fall of the Sultanate: The Great War and the End of the Ottoman Empire, 1908–1922 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2016)
Grigg, John, Lloyd George: War Leader (London: Allen Lane, 2002)
Hughes, Matthew (ed.), Allenby in Palestine (Stroud: Sutton, 2004)
Johnson, Robert, The Great War and the Middle East (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2016)
Kitchen, James, Other Combatants, Other Fronts: Competing Histories of the First World War, edited with Alisa Miller and Laura Rowe (Newcastle: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2011)
Liman von Sanders, Otto, Five Years in Turkey (Annapolis: US Naval Institute Press, 1927)
McMeekin, Sean, The Ottoman Endgame: War, Revolution and the Making of the Modern Middle East, 1908–1923 (London: Allen Lane, 2015)
McMunn, Lieutenant General Sir George, and Captain Cyril Falls, Military Operations, Egypt and Palestine, vol. I (London: HMSO, 1927–9)
Rogan, Eugene, The Fall of the Ottomans: The Great War in the Middle East, 1914–1920 (London: Allen Lane, 2015)
Travers, Tim, How The War Was Won (London: Routledge, 1994)
Woodward, D. R., Field Marshal Sir William Robertson (Westport: Praeger, 1998)
Chapter 8
Epkenhans, Michael, ‘Mein lieber Schatz!’: Briefe von Admiral Reinhard Scheer an seine Ehefrau, August bis November 1918 (Bochum: Winkler, 2006)
Epkenhans, Michael, Tirpitz: Architect of the German High Seas Fleet (New York: Potomac Books, 2008)
Granier, Gerhard (ed.), Die deutsche Seekriegsleitung im Ersten Weltkrieg (Koblenz: Bundesarchiv, 2000)
Groß, Gerhard P., Die Seekriegführung der Kaiserlichen Marine im Jahre 1918 (Frankfurt/Main: Peter Lang, 1989)
Halpern, Paul, A Naval History of World War I (London: UCL Press, 1994)
Marder, Arthur J., From the Dreadnought to Scapa Flow, vol. V, 1918–1919: Victory and Aftermath (New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, 1970)
Ranft, B. McL. (ed.), The Beatty Papers. Selections from the Private and Official Correspondence of Admiral of the Fleet Earl Beatty, vol. I, 1902–1918 (Aldershot: Scholar, 1989)
Schröder, Joachim, Die U-Boote des Kaisers: Die Geschichte des deutschen U-Boot-Krieges gegen Großbritannien im Ersten Weltkrieg (Lauf an der Pegnitz: Europaforum-Verlag, 2000)
Sondhaus, Lawrence, The Great War at Sea: A Naval History of the First World War (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2014)
Chapter 9
Christienne, Charles and Pierre Lissarague, A History of French Military Aviation (Washington: Smithsonian, 1986)
Corum, James S., The Luftwaffe: Creating the Operational Air War 1918–1940 (Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 1997)
Duroselle, Jean Baptiste, La Grand Guerre des Français 1914–1918 (Paris: Perrin, 1994)
Hallion, Richard, Rise of the Fighter Aircraft 1914–1918 (Annapolis: Nautical and Aviation Press, 1984)
Hamilton-Paterson, James, Marked for Death: The First War in the Air (London: Head of Zeus, 2015)
Hudson, James J., Hostile Skies: A Combat History of the American Air Service in World War I (Syracuse: Syracuse University Press, 1997)
Jones, H. A., The War in the Air, vol. V (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1935)
Morrow, John, The Great War in the Air (Washington: Smithsonian, 1993)
Price, Alfred, ‘The Battle of Amiens 8–11 August 1918’, Air Power Review 4:4 (Winter 2001), pp. 118–34.
Treadwell, Terry and Aslan Wood, German Fighter Aces of World War I (Stroud: Tempus, 2003)
Chapter 10
Barnett, Correlli, ‘A Successful Counter-
Stroke: 18 July 1918’, in Anthony Trythall (ed.), Old Battles and New Defences: Can We Learn from Military History? (London: Brassey’s, 1986)
Bentley Mott, Colonel T. (trans.), The Memoirs of Marshal Foch (London: William Heinemann, 1931)
Doughty, Robert Allan, The Seeds of Disaster: The Development of French Army Doctrine, 1919–1939 (Hamden: Archon Books, 1985)
Edmonds, Brigadier General Sir James E., History of the Great War: Military Operations France and Belgium, 1918, vol. I, The German March Offensive and its Preliminaries (London: Macmillan, 1935)
Edmonds, Brigadier General Sir James E., History of the Great War: Military Operations France and Belgium, 1918, vol. II, March–April: Continuation of the German Offensives (London: Macmillan, 1937)
Eisenhower, Dwight D., Crusade in Europe (London: William Heinemann, 1948)
Gough, General Sir Hubert, The Fifth Army (London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1931)
Greenhalgh, Elizabeth, Foch in Command: The Forging of a First World War General (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2011)
Griffith, Paddy, Battle Tactics of the Western Front: The British Army’s Art of Attack 1916–18 (New Haven & London: Yale University Press, 1994)
Hart, Peter, 1918: A Very British Victory (London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 2008)
The Kirke Report. PRO WO33/1297, Report of the Committee on the Lessons of the Great War (London: War Office, October 1932), reproduced in Colonel (ret’d) Mike Crawshaw OBE (ed.), The British Army Review, Special Edition (April 2001)
Laffin, John, British Butchers and Bunglers of World War One (Stroud: Sutton Publishing, 1988)
Ludendorff, General Erich, My War Memories 1914–1918 (London: Hutchinson, 1919) Melvin, Mungo, Sevastopol’s Wars: Crimea from Potemkin to Putin (Oxford: Osprey, 2017)
Murray, Williamson, ‘Armored Warfare. The British, French, and German Experiences’, in Williamson Murray and Allan R. Millett, Military Intervention in the Interwar Period (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996)
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