Stéphane Mallarmé, Pages (Brussels: Edmond Deman, 1891); dedication from Mallarmé, excerpt from Hôtel Drouot book sale catalogue, 4 June 1986, no. 39.
164
Dauberville, vol. 2, pl. 1256.
165
Victorine Charigot to Emilie Charigot, [Essoyes], n.d., in Pharisien, Célébrités d’Essoyes, p. 54.
166
Hôtel du Lion d’Or and Châlet des Rochers, both in Pornic; Hôtel des Voyageurs in Pont-Aven.
167
Dauberville, vol. 2, pls 867, 927, 959 (Pornic, 1892); pls 859–65 (Noirmoutier); pls 780, 866, 924, 926, 1656 (Pont-Aven).
168
Renoir to Morisot, Pornic, n.d. [5 September 1892], in Morisot, Correspondence, p. 195; French edn, Correspondance de Berthe Morisot, p. 170.
169
Renoir to Bérard, Pornic, 5 September 1892, excerpt from Hôtel Drouot sales catalogue, 22 June 1979, no. 108.
170
Renoir to Murer, Pont-Aven, n.d. [1892], in Gachet, Lettres impressionnistes, p. 108.
171
See Ch. 1, p. 50 above for Lise’s marriage and later children.
172
Unpublished, Renoir to ‘Mlle Jeanne Renoir’, Paris, 11 February 1892, private collection. Envelope reproduced in Gélineau, Jeanne Tréhot, la fille cachée, p. 30.
173
Unpublished, Renoir to Jeanne Tréhot, 14 February 1892, private collection.
174
Gélineau, Jeanne Tréhot, la fille cachée, pp. 23–4.
175
She remained with them until her death in 1934 aged 63. During the war, in a letter to Vollard, Jeanne wrote: ‘they have always been very kind to me’; unpublished, Jeanne Tréhot Robinet to Vollard, Madré, 1 May 1917, in Paris, Bibliothèque des Musées Nationaux du Fonds Vollard, Ms. 421 on microfilm.
176
Unpublished baptism certificate, 23 May 1875, from the Mayor of Ste-Marguerite-de-Carrouges. For a reproduction see Gélineau, Jeanne Tréhot, la fille cachée, p. 22.
177
Ibid., pp. 23–4.
178
Ibid., p. 24.
179
Ibid.
180
Fuchs, Abandoned Children, pp. 237, 238. Only married people could reclaim abandoned children.
181
Unpublished, Renoir to ‘Mlle Jeanne Renoir’, 14 February 1892, private collection.
182
Envelope and unpublished letter, Renoir to Louis Robinet, Paris, 19 June 1893, private collection.
183
Unpublished, Renoir to Jeanne Tréhot, n.l., 19 June 1893, private collection.
184
Gélineau, Jeanne Tréhot, la fille cachée, pp. 16, 22, 24.
185
Ibid., p. 35.
186
Unpublished, Renoir to Jeanne, n.l., 30 June 1893, private collection.
187
Unpublished, Renoir to Jeanne, n.l., 3 July 1893, private collection.
188
Unpublished, Renoir to Jeanne, n.l., 5 July 1893, private collection.
189
Unpublished, Renoir to Jeanne, n.l., 7 July 1893.
190
Unpublished civil wedding document, 9 July 1893, Ste-Marguerite-de-Carrouges, private collection.
191
Unpublished marriage contract, 7 July 1893, Ste-Marguerite-de-Carrouges, private collection.
192
Religious wedding document reproduced in Gélineau, Jeanne Tréhot, la fille cachée, p. 33.
193
Ibid., p. 36. Gélineau thinks Renoir went directly from Ste-Marguerite for a week.
194
Unpublished, Renoir to Jeanne Tréhot Robinet, Paris, 13 July [1893], private collection.
Chapter 4 1894–1900
1
‘Extrait des minutes des actes de naissance du 18e arrondissement de Paris, Année 1894’, in Paris, Préfecture du Département de la Seine, 18e arrondissement.
2
Renoir to Marie Meunier, 15 or 16 September 1894, in Gachet, Lettres impressionnistes, p. 109.
3
Renoir to Monet, n.l. [Paris], 16 September 1894, excerpt from Artcurial sale catalogue, 13 December 2006, no. 256.
4
Renoir to Morisot, Paris, 17 September 1894, in Morisot, Correspondence, p. 184; French edn, Correspondance de Berthe Morisot, p. 182.
5
Morisot to Renoir, n.l., n.d., in ibid., p. 208; French edn, p. 182.
6
‘Certificat de Baptême pour mariage, Jean Georges Renoir, 1 juillet 1895’, in Paris, Archives de la Paroisse de Saint-Pierre de Montmartre.
7
Renoir to Georges Durand-Ruel, Paris, n.d. [1 July 1895], in Correspondance de Renoir et Durand-Ruel, vol. 1, p. 97.
8
Geffroy, ‘Auguste Renoir’, La Vie artistique, 1894, in Wadley, Renoir: A Retrospective, pp. 187–91.
9
Unpublished, Renoir to Geffroy, Paris, 23 June 1896, in Los Angeles, Getty Research Institute, CJPV87-A516.
10
Thadée Natanson, ‘Renoir’, La Revue blanche, May 1896, in Wadley, Renoir: A Retrospective, pp. 215–16.
11
Frantz Jourdain, in La Patrie, 23 June 1896, cited in Baudot, Renoir, ses amis, ses modèles, p. 40.
12
Renoir in the 20th Century, p. 382, cat. no. 130. See Jean Renoir, Renoir, My Father (1958), p. 278 B, where the second photograph is also wrongly captioned as Mme Renoir and Claude, 1901. [Jean Renoir didn’t realize that this photo was not of his brother Claude but of himself.]
13
In 1895, Gabrielle’s stepbrother married Marie Victorine Maire, Aline’s cousin, thus establishing a relationship between the Renoirs and the Renards; Dauberville, vol. 3, pl. 2034. Julie Manet described Gabrielle as Jean’s nursemaid (bonne) but Gabrielle could not have nursed Jean since she had never given birth; Manet, Growing Up with the Impressionists, entry of 10 August 1895, p. 62; French edn, Journal, p. 58.
14
Dauberville, vol. 3, pls 2038, 2056–8, 2060.
15
A large oil sketch for The Artist’s Family, 161 × 130 cm (63⅜ × 51⅛ in.), private collection, ibid., pl. 2034, indicates that Renoir planned a painting with Gabrielle seated with Jean in her arms, Aline standing behind them and a young girl kneeling at the left, without Pierre.
16
Ibid., pl. 2032. See Lucy and House, Renoir in the Barnes Foundation, pp. 147–8.
17
Bailey, Renoir’s Portraits, pp. 40, 43.
18
Lucy and House, Renoir in the Barnes Foundation, p. 147; Distel, Renoir, p. 294.
19
Herbert, Renoir’s Writings on the Decorative Arts, pp. 20, 62.
20
Manet, Growing Up with the Impressionists, entry of 5 December 1897, p. 119; French edn, Journal, p. 143.
21
Renoir to Bérard, n.l., 7 December 1893, excerpt from Paris, Librairie de l’Abbaye, sale catalogue 246 [n.d.], no. 232.
22
Manet, Growing Up with the Impressionists, entry of 31 January 1899, p. 159; French edn, Journal, p. 214–15.
23
Berhaut, Caillebotte, p. 281. For discussion of this will see Chs 1, pp. 53–4, and 2, p. 123 above.
24
Renoir to Monet, n.l., 15 March [1894], excerpt from Artcurial sale catalogue, 13 December 2006, no. 252.
25
Berhaut, Caillebotte, p. 281, codicil of 5 November 1889.
26
Berhaut, Caillebotte, p. 281. For Caillebotte’s collection see Ch. 1, p. 54 above.
27
For The Rowers see Berhaut, Caillebotte, pl. 75. Renoir to Monet, n.l., 15 March [1894], excerpt from Artcurial sale catalogue, 13 December 2006, no. 252. The Rowers had been exhibited at the second Impressionist show in 1876, and was in the group sale of 1877. Durand-Ruel had exhibited it in New York in 1886. At Caillebotte’s death, it was still with Durand-Ruel.
> 28
Ibid., p. 57.
29
Gérôme and The Artist quoted in White, Renoir: His Life, Art, and Letters, p. 200.
30
Manet, Journal, entry of 17 March 1894, p. 30 (not in Eng. edn). For a drawing of Paule see Dauberville, vol. 2, pl. 1452.
31
Renoir to Morisot, [Paris], [January 1894], in Morisot, Correspondence, p. 205; French edn, Correspondance de Berthe Morisot, p. 179.
32
Dauberville, vol. 2, pls 1421 (pastel study), 997 (painting). Renoir later used this profile image of Morisot for an etching; Delteil, Le Peintre-graveur illustré, vol. 17, pl. 4.
33
Morisot, Correspondence, p. 205.
34
Renoir to Morisot, Paris, 31 March 1894, in ibid; French edn, Correspondance de Berthe Morisot, p. 179.
35
Manet, Growing Up with the Impressionists, addendum of August 1961, p. 81, when Jean Renoir and his wife, Dido, went to visit her, then Mme Rouart.
36
Renoir to Mme Alice Monet, n.l., 3 March 1895, excerpt in Artcurial sale catalogue, 13 December 2006, no. 257.
37
Renoir to Pissarro, n.l., 3 March 1895, extract from Paris, Charavay, bulletin cat. no. 786 [n.d.], letter no. 41187.
38
Renoir to Monet, n.l. [Paris], 16 March 1895, excerpt in Artcurial sale catalogue, 13 December 2006, no. 258.
39
Ibid. Later, Geneviève did marry, to one Edmond Bonniot.
40
Manet, Growing Up with the Impressionists, entry n.d. [late October/early November 1895], p. 71, French edn, Journal, p. 71.
41
Unpublished, Renoir to Julie Manet, n.l., n.d. [c. February 1896], private collection.
42
Manet, Growing Up with the Impressionists, entries of 1895–1900; French edn, Journal.
43
Unpublished, Aline to Paule Gobillard, Paris, 29 October 1897, private collection. Around 1896, Mallarmé suggested that Charlotte Lecoq could be housekeeper-companion to Julie, Jeannie and Paule; she stayed with Julie and her family until her death.
44
2–4 July 1898; 10–13 September 1898; 24 September 1898; 1 October 1898; 27 December 1898.
45
Manet, Growing Up with the Impressionists, pp. 61–71 (1895); 111–14 (1897); 138–9, 141–50, 155 (1898); 180–84 (1899); French edn, Journal, pp. 57–70 (1895); 131–7 (1897); 168–9 (1898); 186–9, 208 (1899).
46
Ibid., entry of 8 August 1895, p. 62; French edn, p. 58; addition in French only.
47
Ibid., entry of 29 November 1895, p. 76; French edn, p. 74.
48
Dauberville, vol. 3, pls 2027, 2030, 2042–4, 2046–50, 2052, 2533.
49
Manet, Growing Up with the Impressionists, entry of 4 October 1895, p. 69; French edn, Journal, p. 70.
50
Manet, Journal, entry of 4 August 1899, p. 247 (not in Eng. edn).
51
Ibid., entry of 12 August 1899, p. 250.
52
Dauberville, vol. 3, pl. 2353.
53
Manet, Journal, entry of 9 August 1899, p. 249 (not in Eng. edn).
54
Manet, Growing Up with the Impressionists, entry of 28 October 1897, p. 116; French edn, Journal, p. 139.
55
Jeanne Gobillard to Jeanne Baudot, n.l., n.d. [September 1898], in Baudot, Renoir, ses amis, ses modèles, p. 84.
56
Renoir to Bérard, n.l., July 1895, excerpt from New York, Swann Auction House, 17 May 1951, sale no. 290, no. 117.
57
Renoir to Geffroy, Paris, 10 July 1896, excerpt from Paris, Charavay, 6 April 1981, no. 257.
58
Manet, Journal, entries of 10 and 19 January 1899, pp. 212, 213 (neither in Eng. edn).
59
Manet, Growing Up with the Impressionists, entries of 4 and 9 August 1899, pp. 182, 183; French edn, Journal, pp. 247, 248.
60
According to modern rheumatology; my thanks to Dr Gerald Harris.
61
Régnier, Renoir peintre du nu, cited and trans. in Muehsam, French Painters, p. 516.
62
Renoir to Paul Durand-Ruel, n.l. [Nice], n.d. [February 1899], in Correspondance de Renoir et Durand-Ruel, vol. 1, p. 102.
63
Renoir to Bérard, Cagnes, 28 March 1899, excerpt from Hôtel Drouot sale catalogue, 11 June 1980, no. 97.
64
Manet, Journal, entry of 27 October 1895, p. 70 (not in Eng. edn).
65
As recorded in ibid., entries of 5 and 26 February 1898, pp. 127–8.
66
See Correspondance de Renoir et Durand-Ruel, vol. 1, pp. 107–13.
67
Unpublished, Renoir to Jeanne Baudot, Grasse, 10 January 1900, private collection.
68
See Renoir to Durand-Ruel, Grasse, 16 March 1900, in Correspondance de Renoir et Durand-Ruel, vol 1, p. 129; unpublished, Renoir to Jeanne Baudot, Grasse, 31 March [1900], private collection.
69
Manet, Growing Up with the Impressionists, entry of 9 August 1899, p. 183; French edn, Journal, pp. 248–9.
70
Unpublished, Renoir to Jeanne Baudot, 31 March 1900, private collection.
71
Renoir to Paul Durand-Ruel, [Aix-le-Bains], 29 August 1899, in Correspondance de Renoir et Durand-Ruel, vol. 1, p. 115.
72
Manet, Journal, entry of 29 November 1895, p. 73 (not in Eng. edn).
73
Unpublished, Aline to Jeanne Baudot, n.l., n.d. [c. August 1897], private collection.
74
Manet, Growing Up with the Impressionists, entry of 22 September 1897, p. 112; French edn, Journal, pp. 132–3.
75
Ibid., entry of 4 August 1899, p. 182; French edn, Journal, p. 247.
76
Natanson, ‘Renoir’, in Wadley, Renoir: A Retrospective, p. 215.
77
Manet, Growing Up with the Impressionists, entries of 5 and 26 February 1898, pp. 127–8; French edn, Journal, pp. 152, 153.
78
Manet, Journal, entry of 10 January 1899, p. 212 (not in Eng. edn).
79
See Ch. 2 n. 186
80
Renoir to Monet, n.l., 23 August 1900, in Baudot, Renoir, ses amis, ses modèles, p. 50.
81
Monet to Geffroy, Giverny, 23 August 1900, in Wildenstein, Monet: biographie, vol. 4, p. 348.
82
Unpublished (in English), Théodore E. Butler to Philip Hale, Giverny, 7 October 1900, in Paris, Archives Durand-Ruel.
83
Monet to friend [M. de Conchy?], Giverny, 16 June 1901, in White, Impressionists Side by Side, p. 105.
84
Renoir to Durand-Ruel, n.l. [Louveciennes], 20 August 1900, in Correspondance de Renoir et Durand-Ruel, vol. 1, p. 138.
85
Renoir to the Musée National de la Légion d’Honneur, Paris, August 1900, in White, Renoir: His Life, Art, and Letters, p. 217.
86
Manet, Growing up with the Impressionists, entry of 3 December 1897, p. 119; French edn, Journal, p. 143.
87
Ibid., entry of 1 February 1897, p. 108; French edn, Journal, p. 123.
88
Ibid., entry of 28 September 1897, p. 112; French edn, Journal, p. 133.
89
White, Impressionism in Perspective, pp. 3–6.
90
Manet, Growing up with the Impressionists, entry of 28 July 1899, pp. 181–2; French edn, Journal, p. 246.
91
Nochlin, ‘Degas and the Dreyfus Affair’, pp. 96–116.
92
Manet, Growing up with the Impressionists, entry of 15 January 1898, p. 124; French edn, Journal, p. 148.
93
Newspaper subscriptions are one way to estimate percentages
of Dreyfusards vs. anti-Dreyfusards. Anti-Dreyfusard subscriptions totalled 2,170,000 in La Libre Parole, L’Anti Sémite, La Croix, Le Pèlerin, L’antijuif, Le Petit Journal; in contrast, Dreyfusard subscriptions in L’Aurore and Le Siècle, for example, totalled 200,000; see www.e-ir.info/2012/06/06/the-significance-of-the-dreyfus-affairs-on-politics-in-france-from-1894–to-1906/, accessed 26 December 2016.
94
Monneret, L’Impressionnisme, vol. 3, p. 115.
95
Nochlin, ‘Degas and the Dreyfus Affair’, p. 96.
96
Ibid., pp. 107, 97, 106, 115 nn. 49, 52, respectively.
97
Manet, Journal, entry of 20 September 1899, p. 255 (not in Eng. edn).
98
Unpublished, Renoir to Bérard, n.l., n.d. [1899], private collection. See related letter from Renoir to Durand-Ruel, n.l. [Cagnes], 2 March 1899, in Correspondance de Renoir et Durand-Ruel, vol. 1, p. 108.
Renoir Page 47