11
E.g. a 1917 film with Jean Renoir and Vollard; see n. 140 below.
12
My thanks to the rheumatologist Dr Gerald Harris. See also the late photographs of Renoir in White, Renoir: His Life, Art, and Letters, pp. 262–3, 266.
13
Ibid., p. 272.
14
Evident in André’s 1914 portrait drawing, in ibid., p. 257.
15
Renoir to André, Cagnes, 21 February 1918, in ‘Lettres de Renoir à quelques amis’, p. 67.
16
André, Renoir, pp. 32–4.
17
Dauberville, vol. 5; White, Renoir: His Life, Art, and Letters, pp. 229, 236, 254, 255, 258, 259, 273, 279.
18
Dauberville, vol. 2, pl. 932.
19
See White, Renoir: His Life, Art, and Letters, p. 279.
20
This elongated nude is of Gabrielle; Dauberville, vol. 4, pl. 3502. Negotiations for the sale had begun in March 1917; see Correspondance de Renoir et Durand-Ruel, vol. 2, pp. 190, 260 n. 184.
21
Georges Durand-Ruel to Renoir, 6 November 1917, Paris, in Correspondance de Renoir et Durand-Ruel, vol. 2, p. 221.
22
Georges Durand-Ruel to Renoir, Paris, 26 August 1918, in ibid., p. 235.
23
André, Renoir, p. 53.
24
Unpublished document of acceptance to the Légion d’Honneur, Cagnes, 25 March 1919, in Paris, Musée National de la Légion d’Honneur.
25
Dédée later became an actress with the screen name Catherine Hessling.
26
Dauberville, vol. 5, pl. 4328, from Jean Renoir’s collection.
27
Unpublished, André to Georges Durand-Ruel, see n. 4 above.
28
André and Elder, L’Atelier de Renoir, André’s foreword, pp. 11–12.
29
Unpublished, Léon Marseille to Richard Guino, Paris, 24 May 1917, private collection.
30
Conrad had studied Classics at Harvard and loved Greece; author interview with their son, John Slade, 3 October 2004.
31
Unpublished, Gabrielle to Jeanne Tréhot Robinet, Cagnes, 26 March 1918, private collection.
32
The paintings included a bust of Gabrielle in a white shirt from when she was c. 16 years old, 50.8 × 38 cm (20 × 15 in.); another bust from when she was c. 30 years old, both exhibited at Hatfield Gallery, Los Angeles, 1943; a sketch of her head on a canvas with other figures; a pen drawing; private collection.
33
Unpublished, Cassatt to Marie-Thérèse Durand-Ruel, Grasse, 31 January 1916, in Paris, Archives Durand-Ruel.
34
Unpublished, André to Georges Durand-Ruel, Marseilles, 19 May 1917, in ibid.
35
Jeanne’s letters to her father continued to be sent to Vollard, Gabrielle or Baptistin Ricord, Renoir’s chauffeur.
36
Unpublished, Gabrielle Renard to Jeanne Tréhot Robinet, Cagnes, 26 March 1918, private collection.
37
Unpublished, Baptistin Ricord to Jeanne Tréhot Robinet, Cagnes, 19 November 1919, private collection.
38
Unpublished, Jeanne Tréhot Robinet to Vollard, Madré, 1 May 1917, in Paris, Bibliothèque des Musées Nationaux du Fonds Vollard, Ms. 421 on microfilm.
39
Ibid.
40
Ibid.
41
Ibid.
42
Unpublished, Georgette Dupuy to Jeanne Tréhot Robinet, Paris, 12 August 1919, private collection.
43
Pharisien, Pierre Renoir, p. 84.
44
Jean Renoir, My Life and My Films, p. 41.
45
Joseph Durand-Ruel to Renoir, Paris, 6 December 1915, in Correspondance de Renoir et Durand-Ruel, vol. 2, p. 162.
46
Unpublished, Renoir to Gangnat, n.l. [Cagnes], 6 October 1918, private collection.
47
Pharisien, Pierre Renoir, p. 85.
48
Unpublished, Pierre Renoir to Guino, Paris, 3 July 1916, private collection.
49
Renoir to Joseph Durand-Ruel, Cagnes, 19 September 1916, in Correspondance de Renoir et Durand-Ruel, vol. 2, p. 176.
50
Gimpel, Journal d’un collectionneur, p. 32. Renoir entrusted the remaining paintings in Paris and Essoyes to friends.
51
Unpublished, Véra Sergine to Durand-Ruel, Paris, 31 March 1918, in Paris, Archives Durand-Ruel: 1,000 francs. Unpublished, Véra Sergine to Durand-Ruel, Paris, c. 3 May 1918, in ibid: 1,000 francs. Unpublished, Véra Sergine to Durand-Ruel, 1 January 1919, in ibid: 2,000 francs.
52
Marie-Émilie Réallon in La Rampe, 84 (April 1917), quoted in Pharisien, Pierre Renoir, p. 89.
53
Pharisien, Pierre Renoir, pp. 488, 489–90; they appeared in Maurice Allous’s play, La Main qui tient l’épée.
54
Pharisien, Pierre Renoir, pp. 487–500.
55
Ibid., p. 85, unidentified article, 24 September 1915.
56
Ibid., p. 86.
57
Casualty numbers from Robert Wilde, Casualties of the First World War, at http://europeanhistory.about.com/cs/worldwar1/a/blww1casualties, accessed 15 January 2017; Colin Nicolson, The Longman Companion to the First World War (New York: Routledge, 2001); International Encyclopedia of the First World War, http://encyclopedia.1914-1918-online.net/home.html, accessed 26 January 2017; similar statistics from Michel Huber, La Population de la France pendant la guerre (Paris: Presses Universitaires de France; Carnegie Endowment for International Peace; New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1931, p. 420;, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_I_casualties, accessed 26 January 2017). The French wounded came to 4,266,000. In 1914, out of a population of 39,600,000 men and women, about 7,500,000 French soldiers (18% of the population) were mobilized. By the end of the war, the military deaths (including missing persons) were 1,397,800, nearly 10% of the active adult male population. Because much of the war was fought in France, 300,000 civilians died, mostly from famine and disease. The total French deaths were 1,697,800 (4% of the population).
58
Renoir to R. Umehara, Cagnes, 2 August 1918, in Shimada, ‘L’Amitié entre Renoir et Umehara’, p. 13; see also Ch. 6 n. 269 above.
59
Renoir to Marguerite (Maleck) André, Cagnes, 8 July 1915, in White, Renoir: His Life, Art, and Letters, p. 276.
60
Unpublished hospital certificate of stay, Paris, 7 July 1915, private collection.
61
Jean became enamoured with Chaplin’s works, which sparked his interest in film, in which he made his career.
62
Unpublished, Paul Cézanne junior to his wife [Renée Rivière], Cagnes, 22 October 1915, private collection.
63
Renoir to Jeanne Baudot, Paris, 3 August 1915, excerpt in Paris, Librairie L’Autographe, sale catalogue, 20 May 1993, no. 255.
64
Renoir, and Jean Renoir on the back, to Georges Rivière, Nice, 1 November 1915, in White, Renoir: His Life, Art, and Letters, p. 276. Élie Faure (1873–1937), the well-known doctor, art historian and author, met Renoir in 1907 through Albert André.
65
Unpublished, Élie Faure to Renoir, Hyères, 8 November 1915, private collection.
66
Jean Renoir to Commandant [name unknown], n.l. [Paris], n.d. [late 1915], in Jean Renoir Letters, p 12; French edn, Jean Renoir, Correspondance, p. 31.
67
Renoir to André, Cagnes, 3 January 1916, in White, Renoir: His Life, Art, and Letters, p. 277 (French on p. 276).
68
Unpublished, Jean Renoir to Guino, Military Aviation School, Ambérieu, 18 January 1916, private collection. In Jean Renoir, ‘Pour tout
vous dire’, he says that he was initially told that he could not be a pilot because of his slight astigmatism.
69
Unpublished aviation military booklet, Ambérieu, 16 June 1916, private collection.
70
Ibid.
71
Jean Renoir, ‘Pour tout vous dire’.
72
Jean’s international licence number was in the 900s; Jean Renoir, ‘Pour tout vous dire’.
73
Unpublished Status of Service (État de services) papers of Jean Renoir, 4 September 1916, private collection. On the way, Jean stopped in Paris and saw his godfather: see Georges Durand-Ruel to Renoir, Paris, 21 September 1916, in Correspondance de Renoir et Durand-Ruel, vol. 2, p. 177.
74
Jean Renoir, My Life and My Films, pp. 149–50; French edn, p. 136. A Caudron was a French plane, primarily for reconnaissance though it was also used for bombardments; photograph p. 136, Eng. edn only.
75
Renoir to unidentified recipient, n.l., 5 September 1916, excerpt in Hôtel Drouot sale catalogue, 5 April 1962, no. 185.
76
Unpublished, André to Georges Durand-Ruel, Cagnes, 19 December 1916, in Paris, Archives Durand-Ruel.
77
Jean Renoir, ‘Pour tout vous dire’.
78
Unpublished, Jean Renoir to Georges Durand-Ruel, n.l., 2 July 1917, in Paris, Archives Durand-Ruel.
79
Unpublished, Jean Renoir to Guino, n.l., 8 May 1917, in Façade Gallery, New York, exh. cat., n.d; medallion reproduced in White, Renoir: His Life, Art, and Letters, p. 257.
80
See also Renoir in the 20th Century, cat. no. 176.
81
Bonnard, Renoir, 1916, etching, 27 × 20 cm (10⅝ × 7⅞ in.), signed ‘Bonnard’; White, Renoir: His Life, Art, and Letters, p. 257. From 1909, Bonnard (26 years younger) often visited him. Renoir gave him an oil of a nude (95 × 175 cm; 37⅜ × 68⅜ in.) signed at the upper right: ‘To my friend, Bonnard, Renoir’, sold Paris, Palais Galliera, 19 June 1963.
82
Unpublished, André to Georges Durand-Ruel, Cagnes, n.d. [c. 25 December 1916], in Paris, Archives Durand-Ruel.
83
Renoir to Dr Baudot, Cagnes, January 1917, in Baudot, Renoir, ses amis, ses modèles, p. 88.
84
Unpublished, André to Durand-Ruel, n.l., n.d. [1918], in Paris, Archives Durand-Ruel.
85
Unpublished, Jean Renoir to Guino, n.l., 8 May 1917, in Façade Gallery, New York, exh. cat., n.d. Sopwiths were British planes also available to the French.
86
Jean’s most acclaimed film, Grand Illusion, deals with the war, in which the main character, played by Jean Gabin, is a pilot who wears Jean’s actual pilot’s uniform. Gabin’s character is wounded in the arm, as was Pierre Renoir.
87
Unpublished, Jean Renoir to Renoir, 29 August 1917, in Paris, Archives Durand-Ruel.
88
Unpublished, Renoir to Jean Renoir, n.l., c. 1917, private collection.
89
Unpublished military record book of Jean Renoir, 1913–40, copy in Paris, Documentation Orsay; effective from 30 September 1917, he became a lieutenant by decree of 7 October 1917, legal order of 9 October 1917.
90
Georges Durand-Ruel to Renoir, Paris, 15 September 1917, in Correspondance de Renoir et Durand-Ruel, vol. 2, p. 213.
91
Unpublished, Jean Renoir to Georges Durand-Ruel, n.l., 29 December [1917], in Paris, Archives Durand-Ruel.
92
Joseph Durand-Ruel to Renoir, Paris, 24 January 1918, in Correspondance de Renoir et Durand-Ruel, vol. 2, p. 225.
93
Unpublished, Renoir to Jean Renoir, Cagnes, 16 March 1918, private collection.
94
Unpublished military record book of Jean Renoir, 1913–40.
95
Ibid.
96
Unpublished, President of the Council, Ministry of War, to Jean Renoir, Paris, 19 February 1919, private collection.
97
Unpublished military record book of Jean Renoir, 1913–40.
98
Georges Durand-Ruel to Renoir, Paris, 14 May 1919, in Correspondance de Renoir et Durand-Ruel, vol. 2, p. 237.
99
Unpublished military record book of Jean Renoir, 1913–40.
100
Ibid; the level of his Croix de Guerre was Silver Star and Bronze Palm (Etoile d’Argent, Palme). He served from 2 August 1914 to 23 October 1919.
101
Jean Renoir, ‘Pour tout vous dire’.
102
White, Renoir: His Life, Art, and Letters, p. 261.
103
Unpublished, Claude Renoir to Guino, n.l., n.d. [April 1917], private collection.
104
Unpublished, Pierre Renoir to Guino, Paris, 18 November 1917, private collection.
105
Unpublished, Jean Renoir to Durand-Ruel, n.l. [Cagnes], 12 July 1919, in Paris, Archives Durand Ruel.
106
For a ceramic pot by Jean Renoir see Lucy and House, Renoir in the Barnes Foundation, pp. 64, 65 n. 38.
107
See Ch. 1 nn. 24–5 above.
108
Apollinaire, ‘Dans petits pots…’, Paris-Journal, 23 July 1914, in Apollinaire on Art, p. 425.
109
Claude Renoir, Seize aquarelles, n.p.
110
Georges Durand-Ruel to Renoir, Paris, 15 September 1917, in Correspondance de Renoir et Durand-Ruel, vol. 2, p. 212.
111
Renoir to André, Cagnes, 2 January 1916, in White, Renoir: His Life, Art, and Letters, p. 277, French on p. 276.
112
Renoir in the 20th Century, p. 398, Renoir and Coco in the Garden of Les Collettes, 1914–15.
113
Unpublished, Renoir to Vollard, Essoyes, 12 June 1916, in Paris, Bibliothèque des Musées Nationaux du Fonds Vollard, Ms 421 on microfilm.
114
Unpublished, Clément Meunier to Guino, Essoyes, 17 April 1917, private collection.
115
Unpublished, André to Georges Durand-Ruel, see n. 4 above.
116
Unpublished, André to Georges Durand-Ruel, see n. 82 above.
117
Apollinaire, ‘Dans petits pots…’, p. 425.
118
Unpublished, André to Paul Durand-Ruel, Laudun, November 1916, in Paris, Archives Durand-Ruel.
119
Unpublished, André to Georges Durand-Ruel, see n. 115 above.
120
Renoir to Georges Durand-Ruel, Cagnes, 28 January 1917, in Correspondance de Renoir et Durand-Ruel, vol. 2, p. 184.
121
See Yeatman, Albert André, p. 28.
122
Unpublished, André to Georges Durand-Ruel, Marseilles, 12 March 1917, in Paris, Archives Durand-Ruel.
123
Unpublished, André to Georges Durand-Ruel, Marseilles, 21 June 1917, in ibid.
124
Unpublished, André to Georges Durand-Ruel, Cagnes, 28 June 1917, in ibid.
125
Girard, Renoir et Albert André, pp. 27, 28: Petit portrait de Renoir de profil, 1918, oil on cardboard, Musée Albert-André, Bagnols-sur-Cèze; two studies, Renoir painting in Profile, 1919, oil on canvas, Cagnes-sur-mer, Musée Renoir; Renoir seated, 1918/19, graphite.
126
Unpublished, André to Georges Durand-Ruel, Marseilles, n.d. [1918], in Paris, Archives Durand-Ruel.
127
Renoir to André, Cagnes, May 1919, in ‘Lettres de Renoir à quelques amis’, p. 69.
128
Renoir to Georges Durand-Ruel, Cagnes, 30 September 1917, in Correspondance de Renoir et Durand-Ruel, vol. 2, p. 218.
129
Cassatt to Paul Durand-Ruel, Grasse, 9 February 1918, in Venturi, Archives de l’impressionnisme, vol. 2, p. 136.
130
&
nbsp; Unpublished, Cassatt to Havemeyer, Grasse, 24 August 1918, in New York, Metropolitan Museum, Archives, Box 1, Folder 16.
131
Renoir to Monet, 24 March 1916, in Baudot, Renoir, ses amis, ses modèles, p. 111.
132
Georges Durand-Ruel to Renoir, Paris, 11 May 1917, in Correspondance de Renoir et Durand-Ruel, vol. 2, p. 196.
133
Ibid., p. 197: ‘I paid your rent for April (1,150.35 francs).’
134
Georges Durand-Ruel to Renoir, Paris, 1 May 1917, in ibid., p. 195.
135
As Renoir’s chief dealers, the Durand-Ruels had mounted 66 exhibitions with Renoir’s work, 33 in Europe and 33 in the US.
136
The Bernheims showed Renoir’s work in 15 exhibitions in Paris over 1900–19; see Dauberville, vol. 1, p. 100.
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