PBB contamination in 1973: Joyce Egginton, The Poisoning of Michigan, 2nd revised edition (East Lansing: Michigan State University Press, 2009).
CHAPTER 25: TRUTH AND RECONCILIATION
review the constitutionality of the EM law: Todd Spangler, “U.S. Supreme Court Rejects Challenge to Michigan’s Emergency Manager Law,” Detroit Free Press, October 2, 2017, www.freep.com/story/news/local/michigan/2017/10/02/u-s-supreme-court-michigan-emergency-manager-law/723074001/; Chris Savage, “The Scandal of Michigan’s Emergency Managers,” Nation, February 15, 2012, www.thenation.com/article/scandal-michigans-emergency-managers/.
“This is a racial crime”: Michael Moore, “Flint Poisoning Is a ‘Racial Crime,’ ” Time, January 21, 2016, time.com/4188323/michael-moore-flint-racial-crime/.
a kickass 112-page report: Flint Water Advisory Task Force, “Final Report,” March 2016, www.michigan.gov/documents/snyder/FWATF_FINAL_REPORT_21March2016_517805_7.pdf.
the Michigan Department of Civil Rights made similar findings: Michigan Civil Rights Commission, “The Flint Water Crisis: Systemic Racism Through the Lens of Flint,” Report of the Michigan Civil Rights Commission, February 17, 2017, www.michigan.gov/documents/mdcr/VFlintCrisisRep-F-Edited3-13-17_554317_7.pdf.
“I guarantee you”: Daniel Bethencourt and Kathleen Gray, “Jesse Jackson Calls Flint Crisis ‘a Crime Scene,’ ” Detroit Free Press, January 17, 2016, www.freep.com/story/news/local/michigan/flint-water-crisis/2016/01/17/jesse-jackson-flint-calls-crisis-crime-scene/78939208/.
the first criminal charges were announced: On charges related to the Flint water crisis, sources include: Michigan Department of Attorney General, “Schuette Charges MDHHS Director Lyon, Four Others with Involuntary Manslaughter in Flint Water Crisis,” June 14, 2017, www.michigan.gov/ag/0,4534,7-359-82916_81983_47203-390055--,00.html; Paul Egan, “These Are the 15 People Criminally Charged in the Flint Water Crisis,” Detroit Free Press, June 14, 2017, www.freep.com/story/news/local/michigan/flint-water-crisis/2017/06/14/flint-water-crisis-charges/397425001/; Ron Fonger, “Manslaughter Charge Reaches Gov. Snyder’s Cabinet over Flint Water Crisis,” MLive, June 14, 2017, www.mlive.com/news/flint/index.ssf/2017/06/two.html; Dominique Debucquoy-Dodley, “Did Michigan Officials Hide the Truth About Lead in Flint?” CNN, January 14, 2016, www.cnn.com/2016/01/14/us/flint-water-investigation/; Talia Buford, “In Flint Water Crisis, Could Involuntary Manslaughter Charges Actually Lead to Prison Time?” ProPublica, June 19, 2017, www.propublica.org/article/flint-water-crisis-involuntary-manslaughter-charges-lead-to-prison-time.
“a strong statement with a demonstration”: Flint Water Crisis investigative team, Michigan Department of Attorney General, Interim Report of the Flint Water Crisis Investigation, p. 8, www.michigan.gov/documents/ag/Flint+Water+Interim+Report_575711_7.pdf.
A scathing report by the agency’s inspector general: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Inspector General, Report: Drinking Water Contamination in Flint, Michigan, Demonstrates a Need to Clarify EPA Authority to Issue Emergency Orders to Protect the Public, Report no. 17-P-0004, October 20, 2016, www.epa.gov/office-inspector-general/report-drinking-water-contamination-flint-michigan-demonstrates-need.
This prompted Representative Kildee: Water Infrastructure Improvements for the Nation Act, Pub. L. No. 114-322, 130 STAT. 1722–1726 (2016), www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/BILLS-114s612enr/pdf/BILLS-114s612enr.pdf.
Senator Stabenow, who had kept: Ron Fonger, “Lead-Exposed Flint Kids Need Better Nutrition Now, Stabenow Says,” MLive, November 17, 2015, www.mlive.com/news/flint/index.ssf/2015/11/stabenow_says_shes_working_to.html.
Title page: The border on the title page is adapted from the scribe priest Giwargis manuscript cover page, circa 1700. Courtesy of Chaldean Catholic Eparchy of Saint Thomas the Apostle of Detroit.
1. The fleuron ornament is a typographical illustration first printed in 1783’s Poetical Sketches by William Blake.
2. Doug Pike, Hurley Medical Center
3. Samuel Wilson, used with permission of The Flint Journal
4. Snow, John. On the Mode of Communication of Cholera, 2nd ed. London: Churchill, 1855.
5. Courtesy of Hekmat Shikwana
6. Library of Congress Prints & Photographs Division, Washington, D.C. 20540, USA hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/pp.print
7. Used with permission of Walter P. Reuther Library, Archives of Labor and Urban Affairs, Wayne State University
8. Courtesy of John D. & Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation, www.macfound.org
9. Alice Hamilton student portrait, ca. 1893 (HS10419). J. J. Gibson, University of Michigan student portraits, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan
10. Reproduced and modified with permission from Pediatrics, vol. 38, p. 2, copyright © 2016 by the AAP
11. Stephen Carmody, Michigan Radio
12. (left and right): Courtesy of Iraq Centre Numérique des Manuscrits Orientaux (CNMO)
13. Courtesy of Salvador Bofarull/Amigos Brigadas Internacionales, from the files of the Russian State Archive of Socio-Political History, International Brigades Archive
14. Ahmad Nateghi
15. Doug Pike, Hurley Medical Center
16. Jake May, used with permission of The Flint Journal
17. Jake May, used with permission of The Flint Journal
18. Courtesy of Virginia Tech/Logan Wallace
19. Norman Bryant
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
MONA HANNA-ATTISHA is a physician, scientist, and public health activist. She has been awarded the Freedom of Expression Courage Award from PEN America, named to the Time 100, and called to testify before the United States Congress.
She’s also the founder and director of the Pediatric Public Health Initiative, a model program to mitigate the impact of the Flint water crisis so that all Flint children grow up healthy and strong. Find out more about the organization and its work at MSUHurleyPPHI.org.
This is her first book.
MonaHannaAttisha.com
Twitter: @MonaHannaA
What’s next on
your reading list?
Discover your next
great read!
* * *
Get personalized book picks and up-to-date news about this author.
Sign up now.
What the Eyes Don't See Page 35