Hassell, Ulrich von, 193
Hassler, General, 379, 413, 500
Haut-le-Wastia, 330, 373
Haute Deule Canal, 605–6
Hauteville, 501
Havre, Le, 643, 647
Hedderich, Lieutenant, 262, 275
Heidkaemper, Major, 407, 514
Heinkel, Ernst, 119–24
Herbert, A. P., 183, 257
Hering, General, 443, 449, 508
Herriot, Édouard, 108, 158, 219, 449, 456, 657
Heusinger, Lieutenant-Colonel, 205–6
Hinsley, F. H., 636, 637
Hippel, Captain Theodor von, 266
Hirson, 428, 470, 497, 538–9, 541
Hitler, Adolf: rise to power, 60; reoccupies Rhineland, 82–5, 108; builds Siegfried Line, 85; rearms, 86–8; peace propaganda, 98, 158–9; pre-war French view of, 98, 129; and creation of Luftwaffe, 119–20; and ‘Fifth Column’, 129, 531; and Czechoslovakia, 133; in Poland, 143; on low French morale, 144, 189; one last decisive battle with France, 184, 609, 671, 672–3; Mein Kampf, 184; first plans for attacking France, 184–91; and Sedan, 188, 198–9, 304; berates Brauchitsch, 189–90; relations with O.K.H., 190–1, 287; Army ‘resistance’ to, 190–4, 196, 247; berates generals, 199–200; and Mechelen Incident, 202–3; and Manstein Plan, 204–6; and ‘special operations’, 209; and Guderian, 211–12; invades Norway, 213–18; panic over Narvik, 218; birthday in Berlin, 250; offensive begins, 251; Freiburg propaganda, 260; and attack on Holland, 265, 270; enraptured, 279, 562; Orders of the Day, 281, 638; and crossing of Meuse, 317; and Rommel, 322; and 88-mm. gun, 344; and Gross-deutschland, 350; Reynaud on, 455–6; nervous of southern flanks, 483–7, 515, 565; visits Rundstedt, 485–6, 611–13; overcomes nervousness, 516; ‘secret weapons’, 524; heading for England?, 535; nervous after attack on Arras, 582, 612; orders halt before Dunkirk, 610, 631, 635, 636; reasons for this, 611–16; advance reordered, 614; and ‘golden bridge’ theory, 615; and fall of Dunkirk, 633–4, 638; and Mussolini, 648; and Armistice, 664–6; honours generals, 669; and Schacht, 670; decides to attack Russia, 671–2; lack of plan to invade Britain, 671; overconfidence, 671–2
Hochwald, Fort, 141–2, 145
Hoenmanns, Major, 172–3, 202
Hoeppner, General, 295–6, 402, 507, 599
Holland, 170, 172, 185, 247, 251, 259–60, 265–7, 291, 294–9, 369, 401–2, 528, 667
hollow charges, 269, 270, 384
‘honour’, military: German, 95, 665; French attempts to save, 143, 591, 623, 626, 665, 672; Gamelin’s, 171–2; Goutard on, 591; Reynaud and, 623
Hore-Belisha, Leslie, 237, 569, 572
Horgne, La, 426–7
Hoth, General Hermann, 208, 279, 326, 423, 498, 542, 561, 599, 612, 639
Hotton, 281
Houx, 307, 308–12, 324–5, 330, 333, 681
Hugo, Victor, 258, 479
Humanité L’, 55, 106–7, 137, 157–9
Huntziger, General Charles: character, career, 314; in Dyle-Breda Plan, 174; and Wehrmacht tactics in Poland, 179; forces under, 235; requests reinforcements, 240, 313; and Second Army, 188, 274–6; at Bouillon, 276; and Semois, 285–6; and air operations, 299; retreats from Bouillon, 302; Order of the Day, 314–15; and battle for Sedan, 314–16, 340, 358, 364, 392–4, 399; and ‘baptism of fire’, 339; and ‘tanks at Vendresse’, 361–2; and 3rd North African, 385; withdraws to Verdun, 398; reports to Georges, 399, 441; withdraws to protect Maginot Line, 400; and battle for Stonne, 419; sacks Brocard, 424; and war correspondents, 451; cannot counter-attack, 466; and armistice negotiations, 663–5; death, 678
Hurricane fighters, 433, 434, 459–60, 544
Idée, Captain, 491, 494, 539
Ironside, General Sir Edmund: character, 572; on Gamelin, 162; on French unscrupulousness, 181; ‘Come on, Hitler!’, 215; on German attack in Ardennes, 244; and Churchill, 271, 573; ‘the advantage is with us’, 292; unaware of Ardennes attack, 372; sends officer to La Ferteé, 444; Reynaud ‘hysterical’, 444; Gamelin and Georges ‘calm’, 446; and fighter squadrons, 462; on R.A.F. raids, 544; no confidence in French, 548, 572–3, 596; evacuation of B.E.F. ‘impossible’, 548, 573, 596, 604, 631; visits Gort, 567; orders him to ‘join… French in the South’, 567–8; visits Billotte, 571–2; on refugees, 571; French ‘no intention of attacking’, 602; on Gort’s withdrawal from Arras, 605; on German halt, 610
Ismay, General Hastings, 447, 456, 459, 460, 462, 592
Italy and war with France, 628, 647–8
Jamet, Claude, 146, 150, 155, 272, 619
Japan, 611
Jean, Grand-Duke of Luxembourg, 262, 275
Jodl, General Alfred, 144, 188, 198, 202, 214, 231, 482–3, 487, 562, 611, 670
Joffre, Marshal Joseph, 47–50, 53, 70, 161–2, 226, 554
Jong, Louis de, 525, 530
Keddig, Sergeant-Major, 357
Keitel, Field-Marshal Wilhelm, 188–90, 483, 664–5
Keller, General, 179
Kempf, General, 305, 367–8, 380, 468
Kesselring, Field-Marshal Albert, 202, 338
Keyes, Admiral Sir Roger, 584, 587
Kielmansegg, Captain J. A., Graf van, 258, 358, 364, 390, 424, 467, 489, 492–5, 559
Kirchner, General, 284, 286, 304, 334, 336, 386, 492, 676
Kleffens, E. N. van, 528, 531
Kleist, General Ewald von: and Sichelschnitt, 208–9; and Armoured Group, 261, 279–80; disagreements with Guderian, 279–80, 317–18, 434–5, 487; and crossing of Meuse, 317–18, 337; orders halt, 435; restores Guderian’s freedom of movement, 466–7; orders Guderian to halt, 487–9, 497; on de Gaulle’s first attack, 495; and Ravenstein, 513; has no further orders, 565; and ‘Frankforce’, 581–2, 596; considers Arras crisis over, 597; tanks unserviceable, 612; in final battle, 639–44; later career, 676
Klotz, Louis-Lucien, 59, 60, 100
Kluck, Field-Marshal Alexander von, 485, 535
Kluge, Field-Marshal von, 326, 472–3, 581–2
Koch, Captain, 268–70
Koestler, Arthur, 138, 147, 156–8, 180, 452–3, 527, 618–19, 653
König, Captain, 327–8
Kosak, Lieutenant Georges, 273, 281–2, 306, 497–8, 522
Krüger, Captain, 264–5
Krupp, Alfred, 89, 344
Küchler, General von, 207, 369, 646
Labarthe, Lieutenant-Colonel, 363–4, 383–4
La Chambre, Guy, 126
Lafontaine, General, 236, 316, 337–9, 358–64, 383–5
Landrecies, 477–9, 497, 501, 513
Langle de Cary, General de, 242
Lanrezac, General, 242
Laon, 490, 535, 639
Lattre de Tassigny, General de, 425–6, 471, 502, 644
Laval, Pierre, 130, 220, 222, 510
Lebrun, President Albert, 151, 220, 222, 227–8, 625–6, 653, 660, 678
Le Goyet, Lieutenant-Colonel, 419
Leeb, Field-Marshal Ritter von, 185, 193, 207, 209, 246, 485
Leffé, 326
Left-wing parties, attitudes, etc., in France, 54–6, 58, 62, 99, 102–3, 106–8
Leng, Lieutenant Édouard, 414
Lens, 568, 571–3
Leopold III, King of Belgium, 84, 169, 173, 252, 293, 296, 584–5, 587–9, 620, 621
Lerecouvreux, Marcel, 141, 150, 152, 241, 396–7
Lewin, Ronald, 634, 636, 637
Libaud, General, 393, 416–17
Liddell Hart, Captain Basil, 79–80, 90, 206, 214, 243, 287, 495, 615
Lille, 546, 614, 617, 633
Lippmann, Walter, 183
Lislet, 492–4
Liss, General Ulrich, 203, 613
List, Field-Marshal Siegmund, 488
Lloyd George, David, 63, 66, 621
Loerzer, Lieutenant-General Bruno, 120, 318, 338, 342, 390
Lorette Heights, 598–9
Lothian, Lord, 83
Louvain, 296, 507
Louviers, 521
Luftwaffe: unarmed at reoccupation of Rhineland, 82; existence acknowledged, 87;
diplomatic importance, growth hampered by Versailles, 119; creation of, 119–20; quantity not quality, 120–1; numbers, 120–1, 233, 338; dive-bombing technique, 121–3; cargo planes, 123; French and British fear of, 124, 133, 277–8; flak integrated into, 128; lack of bombs, 144; in Polish campaign, 178; aerial reconnaissance, 210, 244; attacks British Navy, 216; in Norway, 216; bombs France, 259–60, 288; attacks airfields, 259–60, 288, 515; bombs Freiburg in error, 260; patrols Ardennes, 261, 288; attacks First Army, 295; and Sedan, 318, 337–45, 390; losses, 391, 667; bombs French reinforcements, 432; leapfrogs bases forwards, 503; raids Amiens, 517, 545, 560; attacks on refugees, 524; established in Belgium, 545; bombs railways, 545; bombs Abbeville, 560; attacks ‘Frankforce’, 577–8; and Dunkirk, 611, 613–15; and Ypres, 620; unable to ‘finish the job’ there, 631–2; radio transmissions, 635, 636; see also Stuka
Lukasiewicz, Ambassador, 136–7
Luxembourg, 258–64
Maastricht, 266, 288–9, 296–8
Macfarlane, Major-General Mason, 636
MACFORCE, 636
Maginot, André, 48, 72
Maginot Line: construction, 70–3; description, 72–4; cost, 74, 77; not extended beyond Longwy, 72, 74–5; effect on strategy, 75, 80, 82, 84–5; ‘extension’, 85, 113, 169, 210, 406, 472, 474–6, 500; Hitler promises to outmanoeuvre, 94; in Phoney War, 139, 141–2, 145–52; 30 divisions wasted on, 176; German deception plans, 209, 245–6, 404, 441; Huntziger withdraws to protect, 400; during battle for France, 542–3; fortress captured, 542–3; morale in, 619; encircled, fights on, 647; Hitler tours, 666
Mandel, Georges, 47, 164, 220, 448–9, 538, 626, 652–3, 656, 661, 673, 679
Manstein, General Erich von, 187, 194–9, 201, 203–4, 205–6, 642, 676
Manstein Plan, 194–9, 201, 203–6; see also Sichelschnitt
Marc, Colonel, 285, 392, 426–7
Marche, 281–2, 306
Marfée, La, 336, 350, 352–4, 358–60
Margerie, Roland de, 655
Maroilles, 498–9
Martel, Major-General G. le Q., 90, 574, 576–81, 596, 598, 607
Martin, General, 310–11, 331, 333, 377–8, 407, 413–14, 472
Matignon Agreement, 110–11
Maubeuge, 506–8, 513
Maugham, W. Somerset, 159
Maurin, General, 80, 82
Maurois, André, 125, 139–40, 162, 167, 217, 222, 225–6, 235, 237, 248, 323, 521, 525, 569, 646
Maurras, Charles, 103, 131
Mechelen Incident, 172–3, 203
Mende, Lieutenant Karl-Heinz, 287, 381–2, 600–1, 666, 670
Mendés-France, Pierre, 249, 455, 521
Menu, General Charles Léon, 151, 337, 344, 381, 385, 530–1
Merdorp, 369–70
Mers-el-Kebir, 634
Messerschmitt, Willy, 119
Meuse, River: German plan to attack on, 187–8, 201, 205, 208, 210–12; French troops defending, 238–40, 273–4, 306–7, 310–17, 329–34, 336–7, 342–3, 346–9, 351–5, 356–68; crossing of, 304–12, 324–9, 333–4, 346–57, 366, 373, 378, 415; bridges over, 304, 306–8, 354–7, 365–6, 367–8, 380, 382, 388–92, 415, 468, 528–9, 590
Michiels, General, 616, 621
Middleton, Drew, 289, 519, 524
Milch, Field-Marshal Erhard, 120, 124, 144
Minart, Colonel Jacques, 333, 440, 447, 463, 551–3
Moerdijk, 294
Molonié, General, 601, 617
Molotov, V. M., 136, 159, 669
Moltke, Field-Marshal Baron von, 675
Moltke, General H. J. L. von, 674
Mondicourt, 561
Montcornet, 418, 427–8, 430, 443, 467–70, 491–5, 535
Montgomery, General Bernard, 289, 402, 546, 636
Monthermé, 208, 305, 333, 335, 366–8, 380–1, 415, 432, 680
Montry, 166–7, 370, 440, 557
Most, Lieutenant, 327–8, 579–80
Mouzaive, 300, 302
Moy, 497, 501
Munich Agreement, 124, 133–4
Muray, Jean, 362, 519–20
Mussolini, Benito, 628, 647–8
Napoleon I, 86, 161
Napoleon III, 53, 105, 141, 304, 356
Narvik, 181, 213, 215, 218, 462
Needham, Major-General, 431
Neufchâteau, 264–5, 284–7
Neuville, 414
Newall, Air Chief Marshal, Sir Cyril, 462
Nicholson, Brigadier C. N., 598
Nicolson, Harold, 168, 221, 224
Nives, 264
Noël, Maurice, 526
Norway, 213–18, 627, 635
Nouvion, Le, 470
Nouzonville, 335, 381–2, 468
Oise, River, 468, 470, 474, 479, 486, 496–7, 500–1, 512
Onhaye, 373–8, 379
‘Operation Niwi’, 264–5, 284
‘Operation Red’, 612, 617
‘Operation Sea-Lion’, 670
Oster, Colonel Hans, 201, 247, 251
Osterkamp, Theo, 260
Ourthe, River, 276–7, 281–2
Overstraeten, General van, 296, 584–5, 587–9
Palewski, Gaston, 155
Paris: Victory Parade (1919), 45–54; strikes, 54, 109–10; Left-wing demonstrations, 54; Right-wing demonstrations, 104–5; deserted at Munich, 134; fashionable distractions, 136, 146–8, 248, 450–1; outbreak of war, 138; spurious normality, 248–9, 450–1, 454, 667–8; German threat to, 443, 448–50; fear of disorder, 443, 448–9; whether to evacuate, 448–50; panic, 454–5; relief, 509–10, 535; spy-mania, 527; prayers, 550, 619; optimism over Weygand, 618; apathetic, 618; capitulation of, 635; bombed, Government leaves, 644–5; ‘open city’, 645; Germans enter, 646; Grossdeutschland service in Notre-Dame, 669
Paris, Major von, 581
Paulus, General, 611
‘P. C. Bruno’, 634, 635, 636
Péronne, 508, 512, 517, 538, 541, 562, 639, 641, 643
Perré, Colonel, 470, 534–5
Perré, Lieutenant, 470
Pertinax, André, 101, 112, 129, 163, 221, 442, 645
Perwez, 370, 402
Pétain, Marshal Philippe: at Victory Parade (1919), 51, 52–3; on ‘continuous front’, 71, 114; on ‘advance into Belgium’, 75; ‘Instruction’ on tanks, 79; Minister of Defence, 105, 114; reputation, 114–15; on ‘impenetrable’ Ardennes, 114, 238; on air power and armour, 114–15; against armoured divisions, 116; and Georges, 167; and Herriot, 219–20; and Corap, 323; Reynaud recalls, 510; visits Georges and Gamelin, 536–7; Deputy Premier, Spears on, 537–8; a symbol, 556, 564, 590; Werth on, 557; and Weygand, 566, 622, 630; and ‘separate peace’ lobby, 624–9, 652–4; ‘pathetic’, 653–4; forms Government, and Armistice, 660–1, 663–5; later career, 679–80
Petiet, General, 469, 490
Petitbon, Colonel, 271, 441, 445, 463
Petre, Major-General R. L., 561
Philby, ‘Kim’, 289
Philip, Percy, 526
Philippeville, 379, 407, 410–11, 414, 430
‘Phoney War’, 138–60, 177, 236–9, 247–50, 517
Poincaré, Raymond, 47, 53, 60–1, 68
Poland, 81, 134–7, 140–4, 176–9, 184, 240, 322, 344, 360, 361, 528, 634, 673
Polnay, Peter de, 529
Poncelet, Colonel, 359
Pontarlier, 647
Popular Front, 107–8, 112, 128–9, 132–3
Portes, Comtesse Héléne de, 130, 223–6, 444, 625, 628, 652, 654–6, 660, 679
Pownall, General Sir Henry, 296, 568
Prételat, General G., 143, 244
Prioux, General R., 166, 175, 272–3, 290, 295–6, 369–70, 402–3, 507, 513, 524, 547, 575–6, 577, 589, 598, 616–17, 678
Prümers, Sergeant, 335, 341
Raucourt, 363, 384–5, 396, 423
Rauschning, Hermann, 94, 129, 184, 531
Ravenstein, Colonel von, 380, 501, 512–13, 561
refugees, 275–6, 290, 377, 413, 477–8, 490, 520–6, 571
Reinberger, Hellmuth, 172–3, 202
Rethel, 426, 429, 471, 502, 534, 639, 643
Réthondes, 663–5
Reynaud, Paul: character, career, 222–3; on reoccupation of Rhineland, 84; on forty-hour week, 112; on mobile army, 113, 445; on Pétain’s military doctrine, 114; Minister of Finance, 135; on Ribbentrop-Molotov Pact, 137; finds factory closed, 139; and Daladier, 168, 223, 225–6, 227, 228, 445; on Trondheim, 216; becomes Prime Minister, 219, 222; and Hélène de Portes, 223–6, 444, 625, 654–5; and Gamelin, 226–8, 271, 445, 450, 509; signs Franco-British Declaration, 227; and Belgian fortifications, 242; and German invasion, 271; and Sedan bridges, 304, 528–9, 590; begs for Hurricanes, 433–4, 444; and threat to Paris, 443, 448–50; tells Churchill front is broken, 443–4, 445–6; unwell, 444; ‘we have lost the battle’, 445–6; 71st ‘got at by Communists’, 455; addresses Assembly, 455–6; at meeting with Churchill, 456–61; broadcasts, 461; decides to sack Gamelin, appoint Weygand, 510; recalls Pétain, 510, 557, 590; threatens to shoot Germans out of uniform, 532; visits Georges and Gamelin, 536–7; makes Pétain Deputy Premier, 537; reshuffles Cabinet, 538; and Weygand, 556, 566, 622–3, 651; ‘France is in danger’ speech, 590; and Weygand Plan, 591, 605–6; and Gort’s withdrawal, 605–6; bitterness at Belgian surrender, 621; determined to fight to end, 624, 628, 630; flies to London, 628; and ‘softs’, 628, 652; brings in de Gaulle, evacuates Government to Tours, 645; Churchill and, 650–1; and Pétain’s defeatism, 653; begins to break, 654–7; plea to America, 657–9; and ‘Declaration of Union’, 659; resigns, 660; later career, 679–80
Rhineland, 63–4, 82–5, 108, 673
Ribemont, 497, 501
Ribbentrop, Joachim von, 130, 136, 211, 664
Ribbentrop-Molotov Pact, 137, 143, 156, 180, 673
Richthofen, Major-General Wolfram von, 338, 341, 390
Right-wing parties, attitudes, etc., in France, 103–5, 129, 155–7, 533
Riom Trials, 346, 672–3, 678
Roche-à-Sept-Heures, 367, 680
Rocque, Colonel Casimir de la, 104–7, 555
Romains, Jules, 130, 162–3
Rommel, General Erwin: character, career, 320–3; and Hitler Youth, 96, 321–2; letters to wife, 257, 283, 514, 600, 642; enters Belgium, 259, 263; at Chabrehez, 276–7, 281; crosses Ourthe, 281–2; ‘prompt opening fire’, 282, 475; and Meuse crossing, 306–10, 318–19, 324–33, 373; and Hitler, 322, 616; at Onhaye, 373–8, 379; advance to Philippeville, 407–11; to Cerfontaine, 412; Avesnes Raid, 472–9, 497; misconception about Maginot Line, 472, 476; night advance to Le Cateau, 476–8, 496; shoots French officer, 478; consolidates gains, 497–501; to Cambrai, 513–15; and Heidkaemper, 514; to Arras, 542, 561, 565, 599; casualties, 561, 580–1, 616; and ‘Frankforce’, 578–81, 605; encircles Lille, 616–17; in final battle, 639, 641–3, 647; prisoners captured by, 642; death, 676
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