62. Drew Pearson, Robert S. Allen, “Washington Merry-Go-Round,” Kingsport (TN) Times, December 11, 1941, 4.
63. Doris Kearns Goodwin, No Ordinary Time (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1994), 291.
64. Doris Kearns Goodwin, No Ordinary Time (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1994), 265–266.
65. Frank L. Kluckhohn, “Army, Navy Get Control of Radio,” New York Times, December 11, 1941, 3.
66. Franklin Delano Roosevelt Presidential Library and Museum, “Memo from Chief of Naval Operations Harold Stark to President Roosevelt” December 12, 1941, Hyde Park, NY.
67. Clark Lee, Associated Press, “Landings in North Are ‘In Heavy Force’,” Washington Post, December 11, 1941, 6.
68. Constantine Brown, “This Changing World,” Washington Evening Star, December 11, 1941, A13.
69. Washington Post, “Bulletins: Japs Seize U.S. Consuls at Hanoi,” December 11, 1941, 4.
70. United Press, “U.S. Bombs Fire Japanese Battleship; Army Smashes Main Philippine Invasion,” Washington Post, December 11, 1941, 1.
71. United Press, “Philipines Fight; Army Reports Invasion Under Control, With a New Effort Repulsed,” New York Times, December 11, 1941, 1.
72. William Safire, Leonard Safir, Words of Wisdom (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1989), 54.
73. William Manchester, American Caesar, Douglas MacArthur 1880–1964 (Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1978), 152.
74. Life, “Commander of the Far East,” December 8, 1941, 1.
75. Life, “Commander of the Far East,” December 8, 1941, 8.
76. Washington Evening Star, “Navy Calls Member of House for Duty,” December 11, 1941, A13.
77. Robert A. Caro, Means of Ascent: The Years of Lyndon Johnson (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1990), 20.
78. Robert A. Caro, Means of Ascent: The Years of Lyndon Johnson (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1990), 24–25.
79. Kingsport (TN) Times, “Go Ahead—Surprise Her! With a Diamond,” December 11, 1941, 5.
80. Kingsport (TN) Times, “Give Her Glamour . . . You Can Do So With . . .,” December 11, 1941, 6.
81. Kingsport (TN) Times, “To Show Your Devotion Nothing Will Thrill Her More Than a Gorgeous . . .,” December 11, 1941, 6.
82. Washington Evening Star, “Jordan’s Corner 13th & G Sts.,” December 11, 1941, A3.
83. Washington Evening Star, “Haley’s Photo Album,” December 11, 1941, A3.
84. Ovid A. Martin, Associated Press, “Housewives Assured Food Supplies Ample for Nation,” Kingsport (TN) Times, December 11, 1941, 7.
85. Los Angeles Times, “Vegetables Found Free of Poisons,” December 11, 1941, Part II, 2.
86. Washington Evening Star, “Grand Opening! Bladensburg D.G.S. Mkt.,” December 11, 1941, A15.
87. Washington Post “‘Give Gifts That Pour’; Clark’s,” December 11, 1941, 7.
88. Gladwyn Hill, Franklin Mullin, Wide World, “Nation’s Corn Crop Will Be Basic Factor in Deciding War End,” Birmingham (AL) News, December 11, 1941, 2.
89. Associated Press, “Government Okays New Army Helmets,” Washington Post, December 11, 1941, 10.
90. Associated Press, “1,000 Heavy Bombers Monthly New Goal of U.S. Industry,” Atlanta Constitution, 3.
91. Associated Press, “War Brings Peace to Labor Front: Threatens Propeller Output,” Washington Post, December 11, 1941, 10.
92. Birmingham (AL) News, “Two Alabamians Die in Fighting Around Hawaii,” December 12, 1941, 1.
93. Boston Globe, “Lynn, Hingham Youths Killed at Honolulu,” December 12, 1941, 1.
94. Washington Evening Star, “Army List of 87 Killed,” December 11, 1941, A4.
95. Washington Evening Star, “More Victims,” December 11, 1941, A4.
96. Associated Press, “This Soldier Is Very Much Alive,” Washington Post, December 11, 1941, 12.
97. Associated Press, “Admiral Kidd Dead in Action in Hawaii,” New York Times, December 11, 1941, 4.
98. New York Times, “Award 62 Medals to Heroes of Navy,” March 15, 1942.
99. Associated Press, “Eleven Frenchmen Shot By Germans,” Kingsport (TN) Times, December 11, 1941, 2.
100. Associated Press, “U.S. Writers Restrained in Germany,” Hartfort (CT) Courant, December 11, 1941, 13.
101. Associated Press, “Nazis Seize Americans Equal to Number Arrested in U.S.,” Washington Evening Star, December 11, 1941, A4.
102. Washington Evening Star, “Italian Embassy Staff Stocks Up With Vitamins,” December 12, 1941, B21.
103. New York Times, “U.S. to Exchange Axis Reporters,” December 12, 1941, 7.
104. Washington Post, “Navy to Clean Up Merchant Marine,” December 11, 1941, 7.
105. Associated Press, “5th Columnist Hunt Started by F.B.I.,” Boston Globe, December 11, 1941, 18.
106. Associated Press, “Justice Department Starts Check on Potential Quislings,” Los Angeles Times, December 12, 1941, Part-1, 8.
107. Washington Post, “Navy to Clean Up Merchant Marine,” December 11, 1941, 7.
108. Los Angeles Times, “Axis Aliens Have Citizenship Right,” December 14, 1941, 11.
109. Washington Post, “Navy to Clean Up Merchant Marine,” December 11, 1941, 7.
110. United Press, “U.S. Bombs Fire Japanese Battleship; Army Smashes Main Philippine Invasion,” Washington Post, December 11, 1941, 1.
111. New York Times, “Bulletins: N.Y. Harbor Mined, Navy Warns Shipping,” December 11, 1941, 33.
112. Associated Press, “Navy Will Bury Dead Where They Lost Lives,” Atlanta Constitution, December, 11, 1941, 4.
113. Washington Evening Star, “Army Mounts Guns to Protect U.S. Buildings and Workers,” December 12, 1941, A3.
114. Atlanta Constitution “City Defense Corps Formed; Blackout Planned Next Week,” December 11, 1941, 1.
115. Boston Globe, “Japanese War Propaganda Here, Says Speaker,” December 11, 1941, 5.
116. Los Angeles Times, “Everything Normal in Hawaii, Brother Phones Angelino,” December 11, 1941, Part-1, 9.
117. Washington Evening Star, “D.C. Emergency Don’ts,” December 11, 1941, A9.
118. F.R. Kent, Jr., “A Blitz Veteran Writes On: Air Raid Behavior,” Baltimore Sun, December 11, 1941, 30.
119. Howard W. Blakeslee, Wide World, “Here’s How to Teach Yourself to See Better in Blackouts,” Birmingham (AL) News, December 11, 1941, 2.
120. Washington Post, “Skip War Talk with Children, OCD Urges,” December 11, 1941, 25.
121. Washington Post, “Capital Eager to Do Its Share: We Can Be of Great Service By Observing These Don’ts,” December 11, 1941, 1.
122. Washington Post, “Tin Pan Alley Declares War on Japan,” December 12, 1941, 11.
123. Washington Post, “Japan’s Mark Is Taboo,” December 11, 1941, 8.
124. David Brinkley, Washington Goes To War (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1988), 25.
125. Washington Post, “Japan’s Mark Is Taboo,” December 11, 1941, 8.
126. Washington Post, “Military Guard’s Shot in Air Stops Thief; U.S. Buildings Install Blackout Curtains,” December 11, 1941, 25.
127. Mark Eliot. Walt Disney: Hollywood’s Dark Prince (New York: Carol Publishing, 1993), 163-166.
128. Louella O. Parsons, International News Service, “Cheers for Cartoons,” Washington Post, December 11, 1941, 17.
129. Hedda Hopper, “So They Take Busmen’s Holidays,” Washington Post, December 11, 1941, 16.
130. John Lardner, “Slapsie Maxie Gets Set For Babe Ruth’s Arrival,” Hartford (CT) Courant, December 11, 1941, 19.
131. Associated Press, “Axis Powers Pledge No Separate Peace, Japan Announces,” Washington Evening Star, December 11, 1941, A6.
132. International News Service, “The President’s Day,” Washington Post, December 11, 1941, 2.
133. “Employment Status of the Civilian Noninstitutional Population, 1940s to date,” Last Modified: April 11, 2011, http://www.bls.gov/cps/cpsaat1.pdf.
134. Washington Post, “Valuable U.S. Documents May Be Hidden in Maryland,” December 11, 1941, 7.
135. Doris Kearns Goodwin, No Ordinary Time (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1994), 298.
136. Associated Press, “Panama Canal Closed From 6 P.M. to 6 A.M.,” Boston Globe, December 11, 1941, 9.
137. Los Angeles Times, “Planes Search Skies for Japs,” December 11, 1941, 1.
138. Associated Press, “Unidentified Planes Circle Los Angeles,” Washington Post, December 11, 1941, Part-1, 9.
139. Los Angeles Times, “Plans Made to Provide Bomb Shelters Here,” December 11, 1941, Part-1, 9.
140. Los Angeles Times, “San Diegan Killed in Black-out Crash,” December 11, 1941, Part-1, 12.
141. Los Angeles Times, “Thunderbolts During Storm Cause Bomb Scare,” December 11, 1941, Part-2, 1.
142. New York Times, “End of Air Raid Alarm Confusion Sought by Army, Navy and City,” December 11, 1941, 1.
143. Boston Globe, “N.E. Rectifies Mistakes of Its First Air Raid Alarm,” December 11, 1941, 1.
CHAPTER 12: THE TWELFTH OF DECEMBER
1. Washington Evening Star, “Strong Jap Attacks Dent British Lines on Malayan Border,” December 12, 1941, 1.
2. Washington Evening Star, “Strong Jap Attacks Dent British Lines on Malayan Border,” December 12, 1941, 1.
3. Associated Press, “Vessels Slip Away; Attacks on Luzon at Increased Fury,” Birmingham (AL) News, December 12, 1941, 1.
4. Dewitt Mackenzie, “The War Today:,” Birmingham (AL) News, December 12, 1941, 49.
5. Boston Daily Globe, “Must Teach Axis Lesson to Remember 1000 Years,” December 12, 1941, 24.
6. Richard Overy, Why The Allies Won (New York: Norton, W.W. & Company, Inc., 1995), 249.
7. Richard Overy, Why The Allies Won (New York: Norton, W.W. & Company, Inc., 1995), 32.
8. David M. Kennedy, The Library of Congress World War II Companion (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2007), 480.
9. Associated Press, “Pilot, Killed Sinking Haruna, Called First U.S. Hero in New War,” Washington Evening Star, December 12, 1941, A6.
10. Associated Press, “Pilot, Killed Sinking Haruna, Called First U.S. Hero in New War,” Washington Evening Star, December 12, 1941, A6.
11. New York Times, “Liners and Carrier Escape Invaders,” December 11, 1941, 1.
12. Washington Evening Star, “Lone Code Word Puts Pan American Planes on Wartime Plan,” December 12, 1941, A15.
13. Washington Evening Star, “Our Trial Begins”, December 12, 1941, A12.
14. Hanson W. Baldwin, “Air Power Pacific Key,” New York Times, December 11, 1941, 6.
15. Ernest Lindley, “A Bad Beginning,” Washington Post, December 10, 1941, 17.
16. Los Angeles Times, “If the Battleship is Doomed—,” December 11, 1941, 4.
17. Cecil Brown, “Dramatic Death of Battle Cruiser Repulse,” Washington Evening Star, December 11, 1941, A7.
18. Cecil Brown, “Dramatic Death of Battle Cruiser Repulse,” Washington Evening Star, December 11, 1941, A7.
19. Birmingham (AL) News, “Optimists Warned Japs No Pushover,” December 12, 1941, 6.
20. Associated Press, “The Japanese Aren’t Any Pushover,” Birmingham (AL) News, December 12, 1941, 39.
21. New York Times, “This Is an Air War,” December 11, 1941, 26.
22. David Lawrence, “America’s Courage Faces Test,” Washington Evening Star, December 12, 1941, A13.
23. Associated Press, “Closer British Watch Kept on Nazi Fleet,” Washington Evening Star, December 12, 1941, 1.
24. Boston Evening Globe, “All Men and Women May Be Registered for Defense,” December 12, 1941, 1.
25. Boston Evening Globe, “All Men and Women May Be Registered for Defense,” December 12, 1941, 1.
26. Associated Press, “Bill to Draft Men 18 to 65 to Get Swift House Action,” Washington Evening Star, December 12, 1941, A1.
27. Washington Evening Star, “Recruiting Stations Report Little Letup in Enlistments,” December, 12, 1941, A14.
28. Baltimore Sun, “Son Gives His Navy Father a Surprise,” December 12, 1941, 30.
29. Telegraph-Herald, “Sees Need for 10,000 Nurses,” December 11, 1941, 8.
30. Washington Evening Star, “D.C. Man Jailed for Attempting to Dodge Draft,” December 12, 1941, B1.
31. David Brinkley, Washington Goes to War (New York: Knopf, 1988), 81.
32. Atlanta Daily World, “S.C. Soldiers Given Bibles,” December 13, 1941, 1.
33. New York Times, “From Jobs to Marines, ‘Privilege’ to Serve,” December 11, 1941, 4.
34. New York Times, “From Jobs to Marines, ‘Privilege’ to Serve,” December 11, 1941, 4.
35. Associated Press, “Billions in War Taxes to Be Sought at Once by Legislators,” Washington Evening Star, December 12, 1941, A6.
36. Washington Evening Star, “Model Air-Raid Shelter Planned in Alexandria,” December 12, 1941, B1.
37. New York Times, “Making the Rounds with a New York City Air-Raid Warden,” December 14, 1941, 64.
38. Grace Tully, F. D. R. My Boss (Peoples Book Club: Chicago, IL, 1949), 259.
39. Washington Evening Star, “Boat Owners Help 24-Hour Patrols on Potomac Bridges,” December 12, 1941, B1.
40. Boston Daily Globe, “Air Raid Rules for Autoists: Stop, Park at Curb, Lights Out,” December 12, 1941, 3.
41. Washington Evening Star, Woodward & Lothrop ad, December 12, 1941, B20.
42. Los Angeles Times, “Roundup of Aliens Called Nearly Over,” December 11, 1941, 8.
43. Los Angeles Times, “Roundup of Aliens Called Nearly Over,” December 11, 1941, 8.
44. Hartford (CT) Courant, “Local Chinese Has His Troubles Proving It On New York Trip,” December 11, 1941, 22.
45. Associated Press, “Body of Chinese, Slain by Headsman, Found in Seattle,” Washington Evening Star, December 12, 1941, A2.
46. Los Angeles Times, “Filipino Knifes Japanese in Car,” December 13, 1941, B1.
47. New York Times, “Warns Americans of ‘Split Loyalty,’” December 11, 1941, 7.
48. New York Times, “Warns Americans of ‘Split Loyalty,’” December 11, 1941, 7.
49. New York Times, “Warns Americans of ‘Split Loyalty,’” December 11, 1941, 7.
50. Associated Press, “Hitler Admirer and Aides Seized by F. B. I. on Coast,” Washington Evening Star, December 12, 1941, A2.
51. Washington Evening Star, “Congress Is Warned of Sabotage Danger; F. B. I. Calls ‘Alumni,’” December 12, 1941, A4.
52. Washington Evening Star, “Army Mounts Guns to Protect U. S. Buildings and Workers,” December 12, 1941, A3.
53. Washington Evening Star, “Congress Is Warned of Sabotage Danger; F. B. I. Calls ‘Alumni,’” December 12, 1941, A4.
54. Frank L. Kluckhohn, “Army, Navy Get Control of Radio,” New York Times, December 11, 1941, 8.
55. Atlanta Constitution, “General Motors Defense Output Beats Schedule,” December 12, 1941, 20.
56. Frank L. Kluckhohn, “Army, Navy Get Control of Radio,” New York Times, December 11, 1941, 8.
57. Washington Post, “Blue Pencil,” December 13, 1941, 14.
58. Atlanta Constitution, “Criticism,” December 12, 1941, 16.
59. Walter Lippmann, “On Rising to the Occasion,” Birmingham (AL) News, December 12, 1941, 16.
60. Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, “Raid Alarms to Silence Radio Quickly,” December 13, 1941, 6.
61. Birmingham (AL) News, “Another Chance to Do Your Bit,” December 12, 1941, 39.
62. New York Times, Jailed in Charity Scheme; Five Men Also Fined in Lottery at Paterson Elks Club,” December 13, 1941, 12.
63. Robert Quillen, “No Man’s Right to Liberty Transcends Another’s Right to Life,” Atlanta Constitution, December 12, 1941, 16.
64. Will Swift, Ph.D, The Roosevelts and the Royals (Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2004), 133.
65. Associated Press, “Va
n Nuys Introduces Bill Giving President Extra War Powers,” Washington Evening Star, December 12, 1941, A6.
66. Washington Evening Star, “Tobey Knows Nothing of Hawaiian Battle, Roosevelt Declares,” December 12, 1941, A14.
67. Washington Evening Star, “Upper House Votes to Give Each Senator $4,500 Assistant,” December 12, 1941, A2.
68. Saturday Evening Post, “Happy Birthday to You,” December 13, 1941, 34.
69. Associated Press, “Five Auto Plants Close Under O. P. M. Order for Curtailment,” Washington Evening Star, December 12, 1941, A2.
70. Associated Press, “Production of Automobiles May Be Halted Entirely After February 1,” Washington Evening Star, December 12, 1941, A20.
71. Associated Press, “Ford and G. M. Plan War Operations on Seven-Day Week,” Washington Evening Star, December 13, 1941, A12.
72. Associated Press, “President Asks Press and Radio Not to List War Casualties,” Washington Evening Star, December 12, 1941, A2.
73. Washington Evening Star, “Army Death List From Hawaii Reaches 155, Still Incomplete,” December 12, 1941, A6.
74. Washington Evening Star, “Tobey Knows Nothing of Hawaiian Battle, Roosevelt Declares,” December 12, 1941, A14.
75. Washington Evening Star, “40-Hour Work Week and Overtime Stand, President Declares” December 12, 1941, A14.
76. Associated Press, “Kimmel, Bloch Commend Valor Shown at Hawaii,” Washington Evening Star, December 12, 1941, B28.
77. Associated Press, “Would-Be Hero Admits Hoax in Blast Scare,” Washington Evening Star, December 12, 1941, A14.
78. David Brinkley, Washington Goes to War (New York: Knopf, 1988), 21.
79. Lamar Q. Ball, “Atlanta’s Santa Claus Is in War Up to His Ears, on U. S. Side,” Atlanta Constitution, December 12, 1941, 1.
80. U. S. Census Bureau, Educational Attainment, “A Half Century of Learning: Historical Census Statistics on Educational Attainment in the United States, 1940 to 2000: Detailed Tables,” Last Revised: September 22, 2010, http://www.census.gov/hhes/socdemo/education/data/census/half-century/tables.html.
81. U. S. Census Bureau, Educational Attainment, “A Half Century of Learning: Historical Census Statistics on Educational Attainment in the United States, 1940 to 2000: Detailed Tables,” Last Revised: September 22, 2010, http://www.census.gov/hhes/socdemo/education/data/census/half-century/tables.html.
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