69. Christian Science Monitor, “Yamamoto Planned Assault; Seeks to Take Whitehouse,” December 16, 1941, 7.
70. Christian Science Monitor, “Army Flier Tells How He Downed Four Enemy Planes in Hawaii Attack,” December 16, 1941, 8.
71. Christian Science Monitor, “Yamamoto Planned Assault; Seeks to Take Whitehouse,” December 16, 1941, 7.
72. Christian Science Monitor, “Educators Take Up Project of Planning World Peace,” December 16, 1941, 3.
CHAPTER 17: THE SEVENTEENTH OF DECEMBER
1. Christian Science Monitor, “A Penny a Plane Bad News for Axis,” December 16, 1941, 8.
2. New York Times, “Start Fund for a New Arizona,” December 17, 1941, 3.
3. Christian Science Monitor, “Donations of Cash to Beat Japan Range From One Cent Up to $200,” December 17th, 1941, 3.
4. Christian Science Monitor, “Reading Girl to Santa: Every Nation Be Free,” December 17, 1941, 4.
5. Christian Science Monitor, “Aviation Books Free to All Young Fliers,” December 17, 1941, 3.
6. New York Times, “Congress Speeds Huge War Effort,” December 17, 1941, 7.
7. Baltimore Sun, “Big Defense Fees Told By Corcoran,” December 17, 1941, 8.
8. Robert De Vore, “Large Arms Manufacturer Is Linked to Defense Lobby,” Washington Post, December 3, 1941, 1.
9. Washington Evening Star, “Corcoran Reveals $65,000 Contract Fee,” December 16, 1941, 1.
10. Christian Science Monitor, “Corcoran Denies Any Fee Concerning Defense Contracts,” December 16, 1941, 10.
11. Merrel W. Whittlesey, “Tee to Green . . .” Washington Post, April 19, 1942, 5.
12. Gibson, Truman K.; Steve Huntley, Knocking Down Barriers: My Fight for Black America. (Chicago: Northwestern University Press, 2005).
13. Francis E. Stan, “Baseball’s Old Fox Picks Up a Package,” Washington Evening Star, December 16, 1941, A-17.
14. Los Angeles Times, “Shrine Game to New Orleans,” December 17, 1941, 21.
15. Bill Boni, “Tom Harmon Chosen Outstanding Male Athlete of Year in Poll,” Atlanta Constitution, December 10, 1940, 21.
16. Hy Hurwitz, “Fear Baseball Leagues Will Suspend in ’42,” Boston Globe, December 17, 1941, 1.
17. Larry Wolters, “W-G-N Program Features Oath by Six Recruits,” Chicago Tribune, December 20, 1941, 14; Larry Wolters, “Theme of Radio in 1942: ‘Keep ’Em Rolling!’” Chicago Tribune, January 4, 1942, S4.
18. Christian Science Monitor, “Pearl Harbor Widows’ Pension to Be Raised to Wartime Level,” December 17, 1941, 9.
19. Christian Science Monitor, “Pearl Harbor Widows’ Pension to Be Raised to Wartime Level,” December 17, 1941, 9.
20. New York Times, “German-Born Parents Lose Sons in Hawaii,” December 17, 1941, 11.
21. New York Times, “Midget Submarine Has 2 Torpedoes”, December 17, 1941, 8.
22. Franklin Delano Roosevelt Presidential Library and Museum, “Memorandum for the President From the Secretary of the Navy Regarding Assets in the Pacific,” December 20, 1941, Hyde Park, NY.
23. Franklin Delano Roosevelt Presidential Library and Museum, “Memorandum for the President From the Secretary of the Navy Regarding Assets in the Pacific,” December 20, 1941, Hyde Park, NY.
24. Associated Press, “New Air Attack by Japanese Aimed at Philippine Sea Base,” Christian Science Monitor, December 16, 1941, 8.
25. Christian Science Monitor, “Americans in Air and Sea Attacks but Foe Gains in Borneo and Hong Kong,” December 17, 1941, 1.
26. Christian Science Monitor, “Hong Kong and Singapore in Serious Danger?” December 16, 1941, 1.
27. Hanson W. Baldwin, “The Threat to Singapore,” New York Times, December 17, 1941, 8.
28. Walter Trohan, “Enemy Warships Shell 2 Isles in Hawaiian Area,” Chicago Tribune, December 17, 1941, 2.
29. Associated Press, “Hong Kong Is Facing Threat,” Rock Hill Herald, December 16, 1941, 1.
30. Franklin Delano Roosevelt Presidential Library and Museum, “First Priority of Military Strategy,” December 19, 1941, Hyde Park, NY.
31. Hanson W. Baldwin, “The Threat to Singapore,” New York Times, December 17, 1941, 8.
32. Washington Post, “Bomb Kills 6 Gestapo Men in Paris,” December 17, 1941, 3.
33. Associated Press, “Indian Heroes, British Officer Stem Japanese,” Atlanta Constitution, December 15, 1941, 4.
34. Washington Post, “Singapore and Hongkong Peril Admitted,” December 17, 1941, 4.
35. United Press, “Hitler at Berchtesgaden, Nerves Torn, Turks Hear,” New York Times, December 17, 1941, 13.
36. Associated Press, “Germans Wreck Shrines of Three Famed Russians,” Chicago Tribune, December 17, 1941, 14.
37. Franklin Delano Roosevelt Presidential Library and Museum, “Memorandum from the British Embassy to President Roosevelt Regarding Operational Events Covering the 4th to 11th December, 1941,” December 17, 1941, Hyde Park, NY.
38. Porter Barclay, “Nazis Take Stern Measures to Nazify Conquered Youth; Polish Children Executed,” Lethbridge (CA) Herald, December 17, 1941, Back Page.
39. Hanson W. Baldwin, “The Threat to Singapore,” New York Times, December 17, 1941, 8.
40. New York Times, “Tokyo Version of U.S. ‘Losses’,” December 17, 1941, 11.
41. New York Times, “4 Young Ensigns Take Ship to Sea in Pursuit of Japs,” December 17, 1941, 10.
42. New York Times, “1917 Powers Voted,” December 17, 1941, 1.
43. Washington Evening Star, “Congress Expected to Delay Inquiry on Pearl Harbor,” December 16, 1941, A-6.
44. Associated Press, “News by Knox Held Amazing,” Los Angeles Times, December 16, 1941, 1A.
45. New York Times, “Hawaiian, With Three Bullet Wounds, Beats Japanese Airman to Death Against a Wall,” December 17, 1941, 7.
46. Clarice B. Taylor, “Hawaiian Woman Slays Jap Pilot,” Washington Post, December 17, 1941, 1.
47. Joseph G. Harrison, “War Powers Granted President; Army-Navy Shake-Up in Pacific?” Christian Science Monitor, December 17, 1941, 1.
48. Joseph G. Harrison, “War Powers Granted President; Army-Navy Shake-Up in Pacific?” Christian Science Monitor, December 17, 1941, 1.
49. Associated Press, “Pearl Harbor Raid Probers Appointed,” Atlanta Constitution, December 17, 1941, 1.
50. Husband E. Kimmel, Admiral Kimmel’s Story (Chicago, IL: Henry Regnery Company, 1955), 78.
51. Joseph G. Harrison, “War Powers Granted President; Army-Navy Shake-Up in Pacific?,” Christian Science Monitor, December 17, 1941, 1.
52. International News Service, “The President’s Day,” Washington Post, December 17, 1941, 2.
53. New York Times, “1917 Powers Voted,” December 17, 1941, 1.
54. New York Times, “1917 Powers Voted,” December 17, 1941, 1.
55. Arthur Krocks, “Hull Warning Unheeded?” New York Times, December 17, 1941, 4.
56. Boston Globe, “F.D. Labor-Industry Address,” December 18, 1941, 9.
57. New York Times, “Aid in War Voted By Longshoremen,” December 17, 1941, 22.
58. Boston Globe, “Rationing Starts on Jan. 4 for Automobile Tires,” December 18, 1941, 33.
59. Christian Science Monitor, “Don’t Neglect Your Pets During Air Raids,” December 17, 1941, 3.
60. New York Times, “Siren Tests Today; Blast of 15 Minutes Real Raid Warning,” December 17, 1941, 1.
61. Los Angeles Times, “Daylight Time Plan for City Advocated,” December 16, 1941, 1.
62. Christian Science Monitor, “Australians Give Up Liberty to Assure Defense of Liberty,” December 17, 1941, 9.
63. New York Times, “1917 Powers Voted,” December 17, 1941, 1.
64. Nevada State Journal, “Censor Plan on Out-Going Data Slated,” December 17, 1941, 1.
65. Los Angeles Times, “Prompt War Censorship Planned by President,” December 17, 1941, 11.
66. International News Service,
“The President’s Day,” Washington Post, December 17, 1941, 2.
67. David Brinkley, Washington Goes to War (New York; Alfred A. Knopf, 1988), 105.
68. Associated Press, “No More Arrests Coming for Alleged Sedition,” Christian Science Monitor, December 17, 1941, 9.
69. New York Times, “1917 Powers Voted,” December 17, 1941, 1.
70. Everett R. Holles, “Roosevelt Finds Military Strategy Doing Very Well,” Washington Post, December 17, 1941, 1.
71. International News Service, “The President’s Day,” Washington Post, December 17, 1941, 2.
72. New York Times, “1917 Powers Voted,” December 17, 1941, 1.
73. Atlanta Constitution, “All Divisions Participate in Bonds’ Rally,” December 17, 1941, 13.
74. Wall Street Journal, “Plans Being Drafted for Wartime Control of Capital if Need Arise,” December 17, 1941, 3.
75. “History: B-17 Flying Fortress,” Boeing.com, 1995–2011. http://boeing.com/history/boeing/b17.html.
76. Associated Press, “First ‘Fabricated’ Bomber Ready Soon After Jan. 1,” New York Times, December 17, 1941, 16.
CHAPTER 18: THE EIGHTEENTH OF DECEMBER
1. Wall Street Journal, “U.S. Flag Prices Up; Material Scarcities Slow Down Production,” December 17, 1941, 1.
2. Associated Press, “Hawaii Buries U.S. Dead Until Peace,” Washington Post, December 18, 1941, 11.
3. Chicago Daily Tribune, “Army, Navy Dead Buried in Hawaii Until War’s End,” December 17, 1941, 1.
4. Chicago Daily Tribune, “Army, Navy Dead Buried in Hawaii Until War’s End,” December 17, 1941, 1.
5. Associated Press, “Hawaii Buries U.S. Dead Until Peace,” Washington Post, December 18, 1941, 11.
6. Eugene Burns, “In the Quiet Hills of Honolulu America’s Finest Laid to Rest,” Birmingham (AL) News, December 17, 1941, 1.
7. Eugene Burns, “In the Quiet Hills of Honolulu America’s Finest Laid to Rest,” Birmingham (AL) News, December 17, 1941, 1.
8. Eugene Burns, “In the Quiet Hills of Honolulu America’s Finest Laid to Rest,” Birmingham (AL) News, December 17, 1941, 1.
9. Washington Evening Star, “Mass at Georgetown Honors First Alumnus to Die in War,” December 18, B1.
10. Birmingham (AL) News, “Birmingham Youth on U.S.S. Arizona,” December 17, 1941, 21.
11. Birmingham (AL) News, “Tarrant Couple Told of Son’s Death in Conflict With Japs,” December 17, 1941, 22.
12. Birmingham (AL) News, “Birmingham Negro is Killed in Action,” December 17, 1941, 29.
13. Birmingham (AL) News, “Julius Ellsberry,” December 18, 1941, 14.
14. Christian Science Monitor, “To the Future: A Tribute to U.S. War Hero,” December 18, 1941, 1.
15. United Press, “Hawaii Raid Inquiry Opens,” Los Angeles Times, December 18, 1941, 1A.
16. John G. Norris, “Nimitz Replaces Kimmel; Emmons Made Successor to Gen. Short” Washington Post, December 18, 1941, 1.
17. William Manchester, American Caesar: Douglas MacArthur 1880–1964 (New York: Little, Brown and Company, 1978), 149to Go for War Effort152.
18. Husband E. Kimmel, Admiral Kimmel’s Story (Chicago: Henry Regnery Company, 1955), v.
19. David Brinkley, Washington Goes to War, (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1988), 86.
20. Richard M. Ketchum, The Borrowed Years (New York: Random House, 1989), 730.
21. Mark S. Watson, “Three Highest Officers Relieved of Commands; Successors Appointed,” Baltimore Sun, December 18, 1941, 1.
22. United Press, “Two Generals Also Removed,” Los Angeles Times, December 18, 1941, 1.
23. Associated Press, “Army, Navy Oust Commanders in Charge During Hawaii Attack,” Atlanta Constitution, December 18, 1941, 1.
24. Walter Trohan, “Oust Pearl Harbor Chiefs,” Chicago Daily Tribune, December 18, 1941, 1.
25. Franklin Delano Roosevelt Presidential Library and Museum, “FDR: Day by Day—The Pare Lorentz Chronology,” December 18, 1941.
26. Associated Press, “Allies Occupy Portuguese Base as Japan Gains,” Christian Science Monitor, December 18, 1941, 1.
27. Associated Press, “Allies Occupy Portuguese Base as Japan Gains,” Christian Science Monitor, December 18, 1941, 1.
28. Frank Hewlett, “Motorized Force Lured to Trap; Foe’s Casualties Heavy,” Washington Post, December 18, 1941, 1.
29. Christian Science Monitor, “Sarawak and North Borneo: Rich Lands in Vast Jungle,” December 18, 1941, 6.
30. Christian Science Monitor, “Sarawak and North Borneo: Rich Lands in Vast Jungle,” December 18, 1941, 6.
31. Wall Street Journal, “OPM “Freezes” All U.S. Tin Supplies in Sweeping Control Over Imports and Deliveries; Year’s Stock on Hand,” December 18, 1941, 3.
32. Wall Street Journal, “U.S. Assumes Control of California’s Oil Industry to Safeguard War Supplies,” December 18, 1941, 2.
33. Wall Street Journal, “Laundry Machinery Firms Will Receive Large War Orders,” December 18, 1941, 6.
34. Wall Street Journal, “Business Bulletin,” December 18, 1941, 1.
35. Washington Post, “Storm Battered North California,” December 18, 1941, 6.
36. New York Times, “Golf Ball Rush Causes Rationing,” December 19, 1941, 27.
37. Bob Smyser, “Scene of Pro Bowl Game Shifted to New York,” Los Angeles Time, December 19, 1941, 19.
38. New York Times, “Ship Is Here With Exiles,” December 17, 1941, 24.
39. Associated Press, “6 Die as Navy Plane Crashes in No. Carolina,” Washington Post, December 18, 1941, 7.
40. Washington Post, “Hunt Pressed for Plane Lost with General,” December 19, 1941, 1.
41. Associated Press, “Submarine Attacked on Pacific Coast, General Discloses,” Los Angeles Times, December 18, 1941, 1.
42. Franklin Delano Roosevelt Presidential Library and Museum, “Memorandum for the President from J.R. Beardall on Naval Aircraft Bombs,” December 18, 1941, Hyde Park, NY.
43. Franklin Delano Roosevelt Presidential Library and Museum, “Memorandum for the President from J.R. Beardall on Naval Aircraft Bombs,” December 18, 1941, Hyde Park, NY.
44. Associated Press, “Cubans Discover German Plot to Signal Planes,” Washington Post, December 18, 1941, 2.
45. Hedley Donovan, “Conference at Rio Set for January 15,” Washington Post, December 18, 1941, 5.
46. Washington Evening Star, “Defense Bond Sales Soar 146% in Week,” December 18, 1941, D6.
47. Harlan V. Hadley, “Auto Series,” Wall Street Journal, December 18, 1941, 5.
48. Harlan V. Hadley, “Auto Series,” Wall Street Journal, December 18, 1941, 5.
49. Christian Science Monitor, “Status of Enemy Aliens Is Given by U.S. Attorney,” December 18, 1941, 2.
50. New York Times, “Trade Promoter for Reich Seized,” December 20, 1941, 7.
51. David Brinkley, Washington Goes to War, (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1988), 27.
52. Christian Science Monitor, “Status of Enemy Aliens Is Given by U.S. Attorney,” December 18, 1941, 2.
53. Christian Science Monitor, “Status of Enemy Aliens Is Given by U.S. Attorney,” December 18, 1941, 2.
54. Christian Science Monitor, “Status of Enemy Aliens Is Given by U.S. Attorney,” December 18, 1941, 2.
55. Christian Science Monitor, “Status of Enemy Aliens Is Given by U.S. Attorney,” December 18, 1941, 2.
56. Lethbridge Herald (Alberta, Canada), “Compulsory Registration of All Japanese Is Now Provided For,” December 18, 1941, 13.
57. Associated Press, “1,035 Jap Boots Tied Up in British Columbia,” Washington Evening Star, December 18, 1941, A20.
58. Associated Press, “FBI Seizes Jap Aide In Chicago,” Baltimore Sun, December 18, 1941, 2.
59. David Brinkley, Washington Goes to War, (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1988), 87.
60. Associated Press, “Nazi Diplomats Held in Hotel,” Christian Science Monitor, December 18, 1941, 9.
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61. Associated Press, “Swiss Now Represent U.S. in All Belligerent Countries,” Christian Science Monitor December 18, 1941, 9.
62. Associated Press, “Husbands of Working Wives Face Induction Into Army,” Christian Science Monitor, December 18, 1941, 3.
63. Associated Press, “Husbands of Working Wives Face Induction Into Army,” Christian Science Monitor, December 18, 1941, 3.
64. Associated Press, “Husbands of Working Wives Face Induction Into Army,” Christian Science Monitor, December 18, 1941, 3.
65. Associated Press, “University to Credit Students in Services,” Christian Science Monitor, December 18, 1941, 3.
66. United Press, “Japanese-Americans Enlist in U.S. Army,” Christian Science Monitor, December 18, 1941, 3.
67. Washington Post, “Nurses May Be Drafted to Meet Greatest War-Time Demand in Nation’s History,” December 18, 1941, 9.
68. Christian Science Monitor, “Snapshots in Color for All,” December 18, 1941, 8.
69. Christian Science Monitor, “Toy Makers Race to Fill Yule Orders,” December 18, 1941, 5.
CHAPTER 19: THE NINETEENTH OF DECEMBER
1. Associated Press, “Allies are Holding Conferences,” Lethbridge Herald (Alberta, Canada), December 19, 1941, 1.
2. Franklin Delano Roosevelt Presidential Library and Museum, “Memorandum of Agreement: Supreme War Council,” December, 19, 1941, Hyde Park, NY, 1–4.
3. Franklin Delano Roosevelt Presidential Library and Museum, “Memorandum of Agreement: Supreme War Council,” 1-4, December, 19, 1941, Hyde Park, NY, 1.
4. Washington Post, “Nimitz, War Chiefs Map New Strategy,” December 19, 1941, 2.
5. International News Service, “The President’s Day,” Washington Post, December 19, 1941, 2.
6. Los Angeles Times, “Camps in West to House Aliens,” December 19, 1941, 9.
7. Christian Science Monitor, “Enemy Aliens Will Be Kept in Camps in the Southwest,” December 19, 1941, 8.
8. Christian Science Monitor, “Enemy Aliens Will Be Kept in Camps in the Southwest,” December 19, 1941, 8.
9. Los Angeles Times, “Roundup of Axis Aliens Jails 442,” December 19, 1941, 8.
10. Christian Science Monitor, “Enemy Aliens Will Be Kept in Camps in the Southwest,” December 19, 1941, 8.
11. Washington Post, “Laura Ingalls Jailed in D.C. as Nazi Agent,” December 19, 1941, 1.
December 1941 Page 76