24. Associated Press, “35 in Crew Take to Lifeboats in View of Shore,” Washington Evening Star, December 24, 1941, A1.
25. Associated Press, “Tanker, Turned Back in Pacific, Reaches Port,” Washington Evening Star, December 24, 1941, A1.
26. Los Angeles Times, “Santa Catalina Island Ships Halt Service Temporarily,” December 24, 1941, A.
27. Associated Press, “30 Gaunt Survivors of Lahaina Safe After 20 Days in Lifeboat,” Washington Evening Star, December 24, 1941, A5.
28. United Press, “Wake Island All Now in Jap Hands,” Lethbridge Herald (Alberta, Canada) December 24, 1941, 9.
29. Washington Evening Star, “385 Americans There Led by Maj. Devereux,” December 24, 1941, A1.
30. Washington Evening Star, “385 Americans There Led by Maj. Devereux,” December 24, 1941, A1.
31. Washington Evening Star, “Communiques: U.S. Contact With Wake Island,” December 24, 1941, A4.
32. Associated Press, “Success Claimed By British in Hong Kong Battle,” Washington Evening Star, December 24, 1941, A4.
33. Associated Press, “Canadians Hold in Last Stand Fight,” Hartford (CT) Courant, December 24, 1941, 1.
34. Associated Press, “Dutch Report Sea Victories,” Milwaukee (WI) Journal, December 24, 1941, 2.
35. Washington Evening Star, “Communiques: U.S. Contact With Wake Island,” December 24, 1941, A4.
36. Associated Press, “Strong Units Reported in Coast Area,” Hartford (CT) Courant, December 24, 1941, 1.
37. Washington Evening Star, “Japs, Off Batangas, Now Menace Manila from Two New Points,” December 24, 1941, A1.
38. Royal Arch Gunnison, “Flying Fortress Defies 18 Foes; Returns With 1,500 Bullet Holes,” New York Times, December 24, 1941, 3.
39. Washington Evening Star, “Spectacular Pacific Flight Wins Flying Cross for 75,” December 24, 1941, A2.
40. Whitney Martin, “Louis-Conn Fight Chosen As Year’s Best in Roundup,” Washington Post, December 24, 1941, 21.
41. Sigrid Arne, Associated Press, “Mickey Rooney Loses Heart Under Hollywood’s Nose and No One Had Even an Inkling of It,” Washington Post, December 24, 1941, 23.
42. Associated Press, “Roosevelt to Avoid Film Censorship,” Washington Post, December 24, 1941, 23.
43. Birmingham (AL) News, “An Urgent Appeal,” December 24, 1941, 7.
44. Tom Yarbrough, Associated Press, “Ruined Hangars Stand As Mute Evidence o Fury of Jap Raid,” Birmingham (AL) News, December 24, 1941, 4.
45. Washington Post, “Army Rushes Repair Work on Oahu Isle,” December 25, 1941, 2.
46. Alfred Friendly, “Labor-Industry Parley Accepts Stoppage Ban,” Washington Post, December 24, 1941, 1.
47. Associated Press, “Congress May Seek Every Possible Dollar for Taxes Next Year,” Birmingham (AL) News, December 24, 1941, 7.
48. Associated Press, “Unlimited’ Tax Bill Considered to Meet War Expenditures,” Washington Evening Star, December 24, 1941, A5.
49. Associated Press, “Petain Tells France Peace Is Farther Off Than Ever,” Washington Evening Star, December 24, 1941, A5.
50. Associated Press, “New Efforts to Push Into North Africa,” Hartford (CT) Courant, December 24, 1941, 1.
51. Associated Press, “Pope Lays Down plan For Peace Based on Arms Limitation,” Washington Evening Star, December 24, 1941, A2.
52. Associated Press, “On the Radio Today,” Baltimore Sun, December 24, 1941, 1.
53. Gerald G. Gross, “Leaders of Democracies Key Their Speeches to Christmas Spirit at Tree Lighting,” Washington Post, December 25, 1941, 1.
54. Washington Post, “Impatient Comment Stops as Churchill Speaks,” December 25, 1941, 5.
55. Washington Post, “Impatient Comment Stops as Churchill Speaks,” December 25, 1941, 5.
56. John C. Henry, “Churchill Tells U.S. Sacrifice Will Win War,” Washington Evening Star, December 24, 1941, 1.
57. John C. Henry, “Churchill Tells U.S. Sacrifice Will Win War,” Washington Evening Star, December 24, 1941, A1.
58. Washington Post, “Churchill Text,” December 25, 1941, 5.
59. Washington Post, “Impatient Comment Stops as Churchill Speaks,” December 25, 1941, 5.
60. Washington Post, “President’s Text,” December 25, 1941, 5.
61. Washington Post, “President’s Text,” December 25, 1941, 5.
62. Associated Press, “FDR and Churchill Call for Courage, Predict Victory in Yuletide Messages,” Boston Daily Globe, December 25, 1941, 1.
63. Associated Press, “Churchill Gets 2-Week Ration of Eggs on His Breakfast Tray,” Washington Evening Star, December 24, 1941, A2.
CHAPTER 25: THE TWENTY-FIFTH OF DECEMBER
1. New York Times, “Government Quits Manila,” December 26, 1941, 4.
2. Frank Hewlett, “Foe Gains Two Beachheads 55 Miles from Capital, One Periling Cavite; MacArthur Takes Field Command; Fierce Battles Raging at Two Points,” Washington Post, December 25, 1941, 1.
3. Frank Hewlett, “Foe Gains Two Beachheads 55 Miles from Capital, One Periling Cavite; MacArthur Takes Field Command; Fierce Battles Raging at Two Points,” Washington Post, December 25, 1941, 1.
4. John G. Norris, “Marines Held Base 14 Days with 12 Planes, 6 Cannon,” Washington Post, December 25, 1941, 1.
5. Associated Press, “Colony Governor Meets with Foes, Tokyo Declares,” Washington Evening Star, December 25, 1941, 1.
6. Associated Press, “Hongkong Surrenders to Japanese,” Los Angeles Times, December 26, 1941, 1.
7. Associated Press, “Hongkong Colony Falls When Water Mains Blasted,” Daily Boston Globe, December 26, 1941, 1.
8. Franklin Delano Roosevelt Presidential Library and Museum, “Optel. No. 48,” December 25, 1941, Hyde Park, NY.
9. Associated Press, “Guest Churchill Is Sleeping and Eating Well at White House,” Washington Evening Star, December 25, 1941, A-3.
10. Jon Meacham, Franklin and Winston: An Intimate Portrait of an Epic Friendship (New York: Random House, 2003), xvi–xvii.
11. John C. Henry, “Churchill Joins Roosevelt in Victory Prayer,” Washington Evening Star, December 25, 1941, A1.
12. Associated Press, “President Too Busy to Open Presents,” Los Angeles Times, December 27, 1941, 2.
13. Washington Post, “Traditional Dinner Awaits Churchill,” December 25, 1941, 5.
14. Associated Press, “White House to Have Turkey and Trimmins,” Los Angeles Times, December 25, 1941, 10.
15. Associated Press, “White House to Have Turkey and Trimmins,” Los Angeles Times, December 25, 1941, 10.
16. Franklin Delano Roosevelt, Joseph P. Lash, F.D.R.: His Personal Letters (New York: Duell, Sloan, And Pearce, 1950), 1260.
17. Franklin Delano Roosevelt Presidential Library and Museum, “Message from Clementine Churchill to Roosevelts 12/27/41,” December 27, 1941, Hyde Park NY.
18. Franklin Delano Roosevelt Presidential Library and Museum, “Message from Lord Halifax to Franklin Delano Roosevelt 12/25/41,” December 25, 1941, Hyde Park, NY.
19. Associated Press, “Philippines, Only Christian Nation in Orient, Swarms with Invading Hordes on Christmas Day,” Washington Post, December 25, 1941, 8.
20. United Press, “Pilgrims Steam to Town of Bethlehem for Traditional Christmas Ceremonies,” Washington Post, December 25, 1941, 11.
21. Associated Press, “War Goes on But Yuletide Touches All,” Hartford Courant, December 25, 1941, 23.
22. Associated Press, “War Goes on But Yuletide Touches All,” Hartford Courant, December 25, 1941, 23.
23. Associated Press, “Christmas a Memory in Many World Capitals, but Moscow Enjoys It at Nazis’ Expense,” Washington Evening Star, December 25, 1941, 5.
24. Associated Press, “War Goes on But Yuletide Touches All,” Hartford Courant, December 25, 1941, 23.
25. Christine Sadler, “Justice Holmes’ House Will Be Haven For Girls,” Washington Post, December 25, 1941, 17.
26.
Washington Evening Star, “Thousands of Christmas Gifts Distributed Among Needy Here,” 25, 1941, 6.
27. Washington Evening Star, “Children Talk Over Radio With Army Officers in London,” December 25, 1941, B-1.
28. Baltimore Sun, “65 Negro Children Patients Are Given Christmas Party,” December 25, 1941, 5.
29. Los Angeles Times, “Navy Santa Doesn’t Forget Children Who Lost Fathers,” December 25, 1941, 1.
30. Washington Evening Star, “Party Honors 125 Soldiers Quartered at Treasury,” December 25, 1941, A-5.
31. Associated Press, “1,500,000 Pounds of Turkey Destined for Army’s Tables,” Baltimore Sun, December 20, 1941, 8.
32. Associated Press, “1,500,000 Pounds of Turkey Destined for Army’s Tables,” Baltimore Sun, December 20, 1941, 8.
33. Associated Press, “1,500,000 Pounds of Turkey Destined for Army’s Tables,” Baltimore Sun, December 20, 1941, 8.
34. Washington Post, “Many Parties Arranged for Service Men,” December 24, 1941, 17.
35. Associated Press, “Honolulu’s Christmas Eve Dry as Army Bans All Hard Liquor,” Washington Evening Star, December 25, 1941, A1.
36. Associated Press, “Japanese Took Pop, Candy on Hawaii Raid,” Washington Evening Star, December 25, 1941, A-2.
37. Baltimore Sun, “Wounded and Evacuees Reach San Francisco From Hawaii,” December 24, 1941, 1.
38. Baltimore Sun, “Wounded and Evacuees Reach San Francisco From Hawaii,” December 24, 1941, 1.
39. Lawrence E. Davies, “Hawaii Wounded Home, Tell How Defenders Dared Death,” New York Times, December 26, 1941, 1.
40. Washington Evening Star, “For His Christmas!,” December 20, 1941, 2.
41. Atlanta Constitution, “Dickens Story of Christmas on Vallee Hour,” December 25, 1941, 31.
42. Birmingham (AL) News, “Strongest Stars at the Box Office,” December 25, 1941, 15.
43. Vincent Townsend, “‘Men of Boys Town’ Is Best Box office Picture,” Birmingham (AL) News, December 25, 1941, 15.
44. New York Times, “Beware of Women Spies, Navy Men Are Warned,” December 25, 1941, 22.
45. New York Times, “War Casts Shadow Over Christmas Joy Throughout Land,” December 25, 1941, 1.
46. Washington Post, “Congressman Now Must Carry Identity Cards,” December 25, 1941, 24.
47. New York Times, “Congress to Use Identity Cards,” December 25, 1941, 10.
48. Associated Press, “U.S. Plane’s Direct Hits Filled Air with Debris, Army Says,” Washington Evening Star, December 25, 1941, A1.
49. John C. Henry, “Churchill Joins Roosevelt in Victory Prayer,” Washington Evening Star, December 25, 1941, A5.
50. Baltimore Sun, “Eire to Stay Neutral, DeValera Declares, Unless Under Attack,” December 25, 1941, 2.
51. Los Angeles Times, “Dawn of Another Christmas Hailed,” December 25, 1941, A1.
52. Washington Post, “Christmas,” December 25, 1941, 10.
53. Henrt Wadsworth Longfellow, The Complete Poetical Works of Henry Wadsworth Longfellow (London: George Routledge & Sons, 1871), 544.
54. Evening Star, “Christmas, 1941,” December 25, 1941, A8.
55. Washington Post, “Christmas,” December 25, 1941, 10.
56. John Meachan, Franklin and Winston (New York: Random House, 2004), 134.
CHAPTER 26: THE TWENTY-SIX OF DECEMBER
1. Washington Evening Star, “Churchill Forecast Allies Will Take War Initiative in 1943,” December 26, 1941, A2.
2. Washington Evening Star, “Churchill to Make Speech to Congress in Senate Chamber,” December 25, 1941, A1.
3. Baltimore Sun, “Churchill Captures Capital With Speech,” December 27, 1941, 1.
4. Baltimore Sun, “Churchill Captures Capital With Speech,” December 27, 1941, 1.
5. Washington Evening Star, “War Tide to Turn by 1943, Churchill Says,” December 26, 1941, A2.
6. Baltimore Sun, “Honor to Churchill Single Precedent Found,” December 27, 1941, 4.
7. Washington Evening Star, “War Tide to Turn by 1943, Churchill Says,” December 26, 1941, A2.
8. Baltimore Sun, “Churchill With Half an Hour of Oratory Captures Nation’s Capital,” December 27, 1941, 5.
9. The Churchill Center and Museum at the Churchill War Rooms, London, Speeches, Speeches of Winston Churchill, “Winston Churchill Addresses a Joint Session of Congress on December 26, 1941,” http://www.winstonchurchill.org/learn/speeches/speeches-of-winston-churchill/1941-1945-war-leader/288-us-congress-1941.
10. The Churchill Center and Museum at the Churchill War Rooms, London, Speeches, Speeches of Winston Churchill, “Winston Churchill Addresses a Joint Session of Congress on December 26, 1941,” http://www.winstonchurchill.org/learn/speeches/speeches-of-winston-churchill/1941-1945-war-leader/288-us-congress-1941.
11. The Churchill Center and Museum at the Churchill War Rooms, London, Speeches, Speeches of Winston Churchill, “Winston Churchill Addresses a Joint Session of Congress on December 26, 1941,” http://www.winstonchurchill.org/learn/speeches/speeches-of-winston-churchill/1941-1945-war-leader/288-us-congress-1941.
12. The Churchill Center and Museum at the Churchill War Rooms, London, Speeches, Speeches of Winston Churchill, “Winston Churchill Addresses a Joint Session of Congress on December 26, 1941,” http://www.winstonchurchill.org/learn/speeches/speeches-of-winston-churchill/1941-1945-war-leader/288-us-congress-1941.
13. Sydney J. Harris, “Thoughts at Large,” Sarasota Harold-Tribune, December 28, 1941, 4.
14. Stuart Ball, Winston Churchill (New York: NYU Press, 2003), 63.
15. The Churchill Center and Museum at the Churchill War Rooms, London, Learn, Speeches, Quotation, “Famous Quotations and Stories,” http://www.winstonchurchill.org/learn/speeches/quotations.
16. Sir Winston Churchill, Martin Gilbert, The Churchill War Papers: The Ever Widening War, 1941 (New York, W. W. Norton & Company, 2001), 1685.
17. The Churchill Center and Museum at the Churchill War Rooms, London, Speeches, Speeches of Winston Churchill, “Winston Churchill Addresses a Joint Session of Congress on December 26, 1941,” http://www.winstonchurchill.org/learn/speeches/speeches-of-winston-churchill/1941-1945-war-leader/288-us-congress-1941.
18. The Churchill Center and Museum at the Churchill War Rooms, London, Speeches, Speeches of Winston Churchill, “Winston Churchill Addresses a Joint Session of Congress on December 26, 1941,” http://www.winstonchurchill.org/learn/speeches/speeches-of-winston-churchill/1941-1945-war-leader/288-us-congress-1941.
19. The Churchill Center and Museum at the Churchill War Rooms, London, Speeches, Speeches of Winston Churchill, “Winston Churchill Addresses a Joint Session of Congress on December 26, 1941,” http://www.winstonchurchill.org/learn/speeches/speeches-of-winston-churchill/1941-1945-war-leader/288-us-congress-1941.
20. The Churchill Center and Museum at the Churchill War Rooms, London, Speeches, Speeches of Winston Churchill, “Winston Churchill Addresses a Joint Session of Congress on December 26, 1941,” http://www.winstonchurchill.org/learn/speeches/speeches-of-winston-churchill/1941-1945-war-leader/288-us-congress-1941.
21. Associated Press, “Churchill Phones Senator’s Wife Too Ill to See Him,” Chicago Daily Tribune, December 27, 1941, 6.
22. Baltimore Sun, “Churchill Captures Capital With Speech,” December 27, 1941, 1.
23. New York Times, “40 Billion Is ’42 Arms Goal; Churchill Is Going to Canada,” December 27, 1941, 1.
24. New York Times, “Fort Dix to Open 2 Target Ranges,” December 27, 1941, 9.
25. Associated Press, “National Lottery Urged in New Senate Bill,” Washington Evening Star, December 27, 1941, A3.
26. Associated Press, “National Lottery Urged in New Senate Bill,” Washington Evening Star, December 27, 1941, A3.
27. Franklin Delano Roosevelt Presidential Library and Museum, “Memorandum for the President: Subject Victory Program,” December 26, 1941, Hyde Park, NY.
28. Franklin Delano Roosev
elt Presidential Library and Museum, “Memorandum for the President: Subject: North Africa,” December 26, 1941, Hyde Park, NY.
29. Associated Press, “Plans to Curb Spending Hit,” Los Angeles Times, December 27, 1941, 2.
30. Hartford Daily Courant, “New Red Cross By Flagg,” December 26, 1941, 13.
31. Atlanta Constitution, “A Good Reminder,” December 26, 1941, 2.
32. The Churchill Center and Museum at the Churchill War Rooms, London, Speeches, Speeches of Winston Churchill, “Winston Churchill Addresses a Joint Session of Congress on December 26, 1941,” http://www.winstonchurchill.org/learn/speeches/speeches-of-winston-churchill/1941-1945-war-leader/288-us-congress-1941.
33. Washington Evening Star, “1,000 Civilians on Wake, Navy Announces,” December 26, 1941, A3.
34. Associated Press, “Christmas Assaults Retake 100 Villages, Red Army Claims,” Washington Evening Star, December 26, 1941, A2.
35. Walter B. Kerr, “Nazi Resistance Appears Stiffer,” Baltimore Sun, December 26, 1941, 1.
36. Associated Press, “Bulletins,” Baltimore Sun, December 26, 1941, 1.
37. Craig Thompson, “British Garrison Ends 16-Day Siege,” New York Times, December 26, 1941, 1.
38. New York Times, “‘We Are Still Here,’ Is Midway Greeting,” December 26, 1941, 1.
39. Washington Evening Star, “Midway Marines Still Holding Out,” December 26, 1941, A1.
40. Associated Press, “War Tide to Turn By 1943, Churchill Says Japs Intensify Two-Way Drive on Manila,” Washington Evening Star, December 26, 1941, A1.
41. John G. Doll, Battling Bastards of Bataan (Bennington, VT: Merriam Press, 1988), 24.
42. Atlanta Constitution, “Loss of Philippines Considered Possible by Gloomy Capital,” December 26, 1941, 1.
43. United States Constitution, Article 3, Section 3.
44. David Nasaw, The Chief: The Life of William Randolph Hearst (Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2001), 268.
45. Boston Daily Globe, “Gettysburg Eternal Light Extinguished As Raid Precaution,” December 26, 1941, 2.
46. Washington Evening Star, “4,900 Soldier Dinners Go Uneaten Here on War Zone Order,” December 26, 1941, B1.
47. Associated Press, “Accidents Kill 429 in 40 States During Two-Day Period,” Washington Evening Star, December 26, 1941, B2.
December 1941 Page 79