Games without Rules: The Often-Interrupted History of Afghanistan

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by Tamim Ansary


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  INDEX

  Abdali confederation

  Abdullah Abdullah

  Abdullah Khan (son of Sher Ali)

  Abdu’Rahman

  builds spy network, security services

  centralizes Afghan government

  consolidates village republics

  controls religious leaders

  formalizes agreements with British

  death of

  Abu Ghraib

  Adel, Ibrahim

  Afghan culture. See Culture of Afghanistan

  Afghan Interim Government (AIG)

  Afghan National Army (ANA)

  Afghan National Police (ANP)

  Afghan Star television program

  Afghan Student Association

  Afghanistan

  cities bombed in retribution for 9/11

  daunting problems of post-Bonn era

  dynastic empire under Ahmad Shah

  as family business under Mohammedzais

  independence recognized by GB, world

  mineral wealth

  modern borders established (1879)

  modernization programs

  as nexus for Islamism

  nonaligned during Cold War

  opposes Pakistan state over Peshawar issue

  reconstruction (see Reconstruction of Afghanistan)

  Soviet invasion/depopulation/ withdrawal

  Taliban takes control of Mujahideen-held provinces

  culture (see Culture of Afghanistan)

  Afghanistan in the Course of History (Ghobar)

  Afghanistan Unveiled film

  Afghans-4-Tomorrow

  Afghan–Soviet War

  Af-Pak policies of Obama

  Agency for International Development (AID)

  Ahad, Abdul

  Ahmad Khan. See Ahmad Shah

  Ahmad Shah

  as young man, early reign

  as patriarch of patriarchs

  sacks India

  unites Pushtoons and ethnic groups

  death of

  Ahmad Shah Baba. See Ahmad Shah

  Airports

  Akbar (son of Dost Mohammed). See Akbar Khan, Wazir

  Akbar Khan, Wazir

  as young man of war

  as Dost Mohammed’s heir

  leads Afghan rebellion against British

  death of

  Al Qaeda

  origins

  bombs embassies in Nairobi and Tanzania

  Bush’s perspective

  considers airplanes as suicide bombs

  trains for 9/11 attacks

  implications of bin Laden’s death

  Al-Azhar University

  Albright, Madeleine

  Alcohol consumption

  Alexander the Great

  Ali, Mohammed

  Ali Ahmad

  Allah-u-Akbar demonstration against Soviets

  Amanullah

  succeeds Habibullah

  attains independence from GB

  implements revolutionary reforms

  travels to Europe

  overthrown by bandit Saqao

  dies in exile in Italy

  vanishes from collective Afghan memory

  loyalists strike at Nadir

  American Idol television program

  Amin, Hafizullah

  conflicts with Soviets

  leads coup against Daoud (1978)

  reduces dependence on Soviets

  second in command in Khalq regime

  murdered by Soviets during invasion

  Amin of Logar

  Andropov, Yuri

  Anglo-Afghan War, First (1839–1842)

  Anglo-Afghan War, Second (1878–1880)

  Anglo-Afghan War, Third (1919)

  Ansary, Aman (father of author)

  birth, youth

  education abroad, marriage

  on Kabul University faculty, administration

  on HVA project

  Ansary, Khwadja Abdullah

  Arab Afghans

  Arghandab Dam

  Ariana

  Ariana Airlines

  Ariana TV

  Article 24 of the constitution

  Arts return to Afghanistan

  Asef (author’s uncle)

  Asia Foundation

  Asian Women’s Conference in Ceylon

  Asma Restya

  Asmatey, Zabiullah

  Atash, Nadir

  Ataturk

  Auckland, Lord (George Eden)

  Ayatollah Khomeini

  Ayub

  Babar, Naseerullah

  Bagram airbase/detention center

  Bala Hissar palace

  Bamiyan valley

  Barakzais clan

  Bhutto, Zulfiqar Ali

  Biden, Joe

  Bin Laden, Osama

  allied to, funds, Taliban as Arab Afghan

  bombings of 1998

  focused on by US policy makers

  issues fatwa videotape

  significance of his death

  Bismarck, Otto von

  Black Hole of Calcutta

  Black Swan movie

  Blackwater private security

  Bollywood movies

  Bombings. See Suicide bombings; specific incidents

  Bonaparte, Napoleon. See Napoleon

  Bonn Conference (2001)

  Brezhnev, Leonid

  Bridas oil company

  Britain. See Great Britain

  British Empire. See Great Britain

  British invasions of Afghanistan. See Anglo-Afghan wars

  Brzezinski, Zbigniew

  Buddha sculptures destroyed

  Buddhism

  Buddhist monastery at Mes Aynak

  Bulgheroni, Carlos

  Burnes, Alexander

  Burqa. See also Chad’ri

  Bush, George H. W.

  Bush, George W.

  disregards bin Laden, Taliban

  increases troops, contractors, in Afghanistan

  invades Iraq

  sees Afghan intervention as purely military

  Buzkashi games

  Capitalism. See Entrepreneurships

  Carter, Jimmy

  Cavagnari, Louis Napoleon

  Cell phones

  Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)

  Amin’s rumored association

  increases secret US funding for Mujahideen

  Pakistan funding helps bin Laden

  pays Ahmad Wali Karzai for paramilitary

  plans to kill bin Laden

  Central Treaty Organization (CENTO)

  Chad’ri. See also Burqa

  Chad’ri initiative

  Chamberlain, Neville

  Charkhi family

  Chernenko, Konstantin

  China

  awarded copper concession, with kickback

  Communist insurgents take over (1949)

  produces cheap generators for villages

  CIA. See Central Intelligence Agency

  Cities

  disconnected from old Afghanistan

  flooded with homeless people See also Kabul

  Civil wars

  Clinton, Bill

  strikes retaliate for embassy bombings

  struggles with bin Laden menace

  Coghlan, Tom

  Cold War

  background

  HVA used to promote US goals

  US and Soviet v
ie to support Afghanistan

  bipolar competition ends

  Cole, Sonia Nassery

  Communism

  and Amin’s PDPA

  ideology filters through military, universities

  indoctrination offends villagers

  not good fit for Muslims

  Soviet empire ends

  See also Marxism-Leninism; People’s Democratic Party of Afghanistan

  Constitution of Afghanistan

  under Nadir (1931) rewritten by commoner cabinet (1963)

  of Bonn commission (2003)

  Copper

  Corriega, Mr. (HVA engineer)

  Corruption

  banned under Amanullah’s code

  of foreign development projects

  as nepotism

  small-scale becomes endemic throughout government

  Corruptocracy

  Counterinsurgency approach

  Counterterrorism approach

  Coups

  Culture of Afghanistan

  and Alexander Burnes

  change intended by foreign interventions

  generosity, charity, revered

  helping kin

  as macho

  and Musahibban

  nature of leadership

  resolving contradictions

  revealed through museum artifacts

  roles of women

  Czechoslovakia

  Dado, Amir

  Dadullah, Mullah

  Dalaks

  Daoud, Sardar

  background

  as anti-Pakistan Pushtoon nationalist

  receives aid from both Soviet Union and US

  moves women’s emancipation forward

  deposes king, declares himself president

  killed by PDPA coup (1978)

  Daoud’s Folly

  Dari language as lingua franca

  Darya-i-Noor diamond

  Dehmazang prison

  Demonstrations

  both leftists and radical Islamists

  signal collapse of Soviet empire

  against Soviet invasion

  topple Bhutto in Pakistan

  Deobandism

  Depopulation of Afghanistan by Soviets

  Development

  aid funds don’t reach villages flourishes alongside violence

  generated from both sides in Cold War

  industrial as priority for Daoud

  Disraeli, Benjamin

  Dogs

  Dost Mohammed Khan

  introduced

  Afghan consolidation set back by Soviet invasion

  battles for, seeks alliance over, Peshawar

  outwaits GB in India (1839–1842)

  regains Herat

 

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