43. Alton Weekly Courier, 5 June 1856, in CWL, 2:341.
44. Richmond Enquirer, n.d., copied in the Illinois State Journal (Springfield), 16 Oct. 1858.
45. Belleville Weekly Advocate, 4 June 1856.
46. Bloomington correspondence, 29 May, Chicago Democratic Press, 31 May 1856, in Prince, ed., Bloomington Convention, 174.
47. Bloomington Pantagraph, 4 June 1856.
48. Prince, ed., Bloomington Convention, 81; Thomas J. Henderson to Ida M. Tarbell, 12 Sept. 1895, Tarbell Papers, Allegheny College; Henderson’s reminiscences in the Los Angeles Times, 9 Feb. 1896.
49. William Pitt Kellogg, “The Recollections of William Pitt Kellogg,” ed. Paul M. Angle, Abraham Lincoln Quarterly 3 (1945):323; Cunningham, “Recollections of Lincoln,” 8.
50. Scott, “Lincoln on the Stump and at the Bar.”
51. Medill to the editor of McClure’s Magazine, Chicago, 15 May 1896, McClure’s Magazine, 7 (June–Oct. 1896):322.
52. Peoria Sunday Star, 1 Mar. 1908.
53. Whitney, Lincoln the Citizen, 261.
54. CWL, 2:344.
55. Lincoln to Lyman Trumbull, Springfield, 7 June 1856, ibid., 2:343.
56. John M. Palmer, ed., The Bench and Bar of Illinois: Historical and Reminiscent (2 vols.; Chicago: Lewis Publishing Co., 1899), 1:3.
57. Lincoln to Lyman Trumbull, Springfield, 7 June 1856, CWL, 2:342–343.
58. Browning to Trumbull, Quincy, 19 May 1856, Trumbull Papers, DLC.
59. Trumbull to Lincoln, Washington, 15 June 1856, Trumbull Family Papers, IHi.
60. Proceedings of the First Three Republican National Conventions of 1856, 1860 and 1864 (Minneapolis: Charles W. Johnson, 1893), 61–63.
61. H. [Murat Halstead], Cincinnati Commercial, 23 June 1856.
62. Proceedings of the First Three Republican National Conventions, 62.
63. Quoted in CWL, 2:346.
64. O. B. Ficklin, interview with William Melvin McConnell, The Classmate: A Paper for Young People (Cincinnati), 6 Feb. 1926.
65. Jesse W. Weik, “Lincoln’s Vote for Vice-President in the Philadelphia Convention of 1856,” Century Magazine, June 1908, 187.
66. Henry C. Whitney, statement for Herndon, [Nov. 1866], Douglas L. Wilson and Rodney O. Davis, eds., Herndon’s Informants: Letters, Interviews, and Statements about Abraham Lincoln [hereafter HI] (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1998), 406; Whitney, Life on the Circuit, ed. Angle, 97.
67. Chicago Daily Democrat, 26 June 1856.
68. Ottawa Republican, 4 July 1856, in C. C. Tisler and Aleita G. Tisler, “Lincoln Was Here for Another Go at Douglas” (pamphlet; Jackson, TN: McCowat-Mercer Press, 1958), 23.
69. Illinois Republican, n.d., copied in the Albany Evening Journal, 1 May 1860.
70. Lincoln to Davis, Springfield, 7 July 1856, Roy P. Basler, ed., Collected Works of Lincoln, First Supplement (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1973), 27; Edward Magdol, Owen Lovejoy: Abolitionist in Congress (New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1967), 157.
71. David Davis to Dickey, Bloomington, 18 July 1856, Isabel Wallace, ed., Life and Letters of General W. H. L. Wallace (Chicago: R. R. Donnelley, 1909), 74–75.
72. Gillespie to Lincoln, Edwardsville, 6 June 1856, H-W MSS DLC.
73. John Hawes to Lincoln, Eminence, 15 Sept. 1856, ibid.
74. John M. Palmer to Norman B. Judd, Carlinville, 6 Aug. 1856, Lincoln Collection, RPB.
75. William Pickering to Lyman Trumbull, Albion, 6 June 1856, Trumbull Papers, DLC.
76. Benjamin S. Edwards to Lyman Trumbull, Springfield, 24 July 1856, ibid.
77. CWL, 2:349–353.
78. Clark E. Carr, My Day and Generation (Chicago: McClurg, 1908), 274–275.
79. Marysville, California, Appeal, 4 Nov. 1860.
80. Speech in Vandalia, 23 Sept. 1856, Chicago Democratic Press, 27 Sept. 1856, in CWL, 2:377–378.
81. Denver Tribune, 18 May 1879.
82. Homer H. Cooper, “The Lincoln-Thornton Debate, 1856, Shelbyville, Illinois,” Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society 10 (1917): 104, 106.
83. Illinois State Register (Springfield), 19 Aug. 1856, in CWL, 2:359.
84. Newton Bateman and Paul Selby, Historical Encyclopedia of Illinois and History of Shelby County (Chicago: Munsell, 1910), 786.
85. CWL, 2:361–366.
86. Kalamazoo Gazette, n.d., copied in the Grand Rapids Daily Enquirer, 1 Sept. 1856, Michigan Magazine of History 5 (1921):287–288.
87. Dickey to Ward Hill Lamon, Ottawa, 5 June 1871, Jeremiah S. Black Papers, DLC.
88. Illinois State Register (Springfield), 4 Sept. 1856, in CWL, 2:366–368.
89. The Illinois Sentinel (Jacksonville), 12 Sept. 1856, ibid., 2:373.
90. John B. Turner to Lincoln, Springfield, 9 Sept. 1856, H-W MSS DLC.
91. Herndon to Lyman Trumbull, Springfield, 11 Aug. 1856, Trumbull Papers, DLC.
92. Lincoln to Trumbull, Springfield, 11 Aug. 1856, CWL, 2:360.
93. George T. Brown to Lyman Trumbull, Alton, 28 July 1856, Trumbull Papers, DLC.
94. Richard Yates to Trumbull, Jacksonville, 3 Aug. 1856, ibid.
95. Yates to Lincoln, Jacksonville, 18 Sept. 1856, H-W MSS DLC,
96. Joseph Medill to Lincoln, Chicago, 9 Aug. 1860, AL MSS DLC.
97. Herndon to Wendell Phillips, Springfield, 28 Sept. 1856, Phillips Papers, Harvard University.
98. Lincoln to John Bennett, Springfield, 4 Aug. 1856, CWL, 2:358.
99. Form letter dated Springfield, 8 Sept. 1856, ibid., 2:374.
100. Lincoln to Jesse A. Pickrell, Springfield, 15 Sept. 1856, Roy P. Basler and Christian O. Basler, eds., Collected Works of Abraham Lincoln: Second Supplement, 1848–1865 (New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1990), 12.
101. Ezra M. Prince, “A Day with Abraham Lincoln,” H-W MSS DLC.
102. Lincoln to Robert S. Boal, Springfield, 14 Sept. 1856, CWL, 2:375.
103. Ottawa Free Trader, n.d., in Tisler and Tisler, “Lincoln Was Here,” 21.
104. Belleville Weekly Advocate, 22 Oct. 1856, in CWL, 2:380.
105. Koerner, Memoirs, 2:33.
106. J. L. D. Morrison to Douglas, Belleville, 16 Apr. 1856, Douglas Papers, in Mildred C. Stoler, “The Democratic Element in the New Republican Party in Illinois, 1856–1860,” Papers in Illinois History and Transactions for the Year 1942 (Springfield: Illinois State Historical Society, 1944):42.
107. Lincoln to Ray, Bloomington, 13 Sept. 1856, Basler, ed., Collected Works of Lincoln, First Supplement, 27–28.
108. Joliet Signal, 14 Oct. 1856.
109. Illinois State Register (Springfield), 13 Oct. 1856.
110. Our Constitution (Urbana), 24 July 1856.
111. “Empire Club Song,” The Campaign Democrat (New York), 30 July 1856.
112. Herndon to Theodore Parker, Springfield, 12 Nov. 1856, Herndon-Parker Papers, University of Iowa.
113. Notes for a speech at Chicago, 28 Feb. 1857, CWL, 2:390–391.
114. Speech in Chicago, 10 Dec. 1856, ibid., 2:385.
115. Letter by B., Chicago, 11 Dec., Illinois State Journal (Springfield), 13 Dec. 1856.
116. Brooks, “Personal Reminiscences of Abraham Lincoln,” Scribner’s Monthly, 15 (Feb. 1878):562.
117. Herndon to Theodore Parker, Springfield, 8 Apr. 1857, Herndon-Parker Papers, University of Iowa.
118. Reminiscences of Henry G. Little, given in June 1886, recorded in a memorandum dated Chicago, 20 Dec. 1886, by John A. Jameson, Nicolay Papers, DLC; Little, “Personal Recollections of Abraham Lincoln,” undated typescript of excerpts, J. G. Randall Papers, DLC.
119. Lincoln to James W. Grimes, Springfield, [ca. 17] Aug. 1857, CWL, 2:413.
120. William H. Herndon, “Analysis of the Character of Abraham Lincoln,” lecture delivered in Springfield, 26 Dec. 1865, Abraham Lincoln Quarterly 1 (1941): 429.
121. “One of Lincoln’s Fees,” an article from the Illinois State Journal (Springfield), n.d., typed copy, box 47, Illinois Central
Railroad Archives, Newberry Library, Chicago.
122. Jesse W. Weik, The Real Lincoln: A Portrait, ed. Michael Burlingame (1922; Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2002), 153.
123. James F. Joy, undated clipping from the Chicago Tribune, “New Stories of Lincoln,” LMF.
124. Weik, Real Lincoln, ed. Burlingame, 153–154.
125. Lincoln to James Steele and Charles Summers, Springfield, 12 Feb. 1857, CWL, 2:389.
126. Capen to John G. Drennan, 6 Apr. 1906, in Albert J. Beveridge, Abraham Lincoln, 1809–1858 (2 vols.; Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1928), 1:589n.
127. W. H. Bradley to E. B. Washburne, Chicago, 11 July 1862, Washburne Papers, DLC.
128. CWL, 2:397–398.
129. Douglas to McClellan, 26 Jan. 1861, in Stephen W. Sears, George B. McClellan: The Young Napoleon (New York: Ticknor and Fields, 1988), 59–60.
130. John W. Starr, Lincoln and the Railroads: A Biographical Study (New York: Dodd, Mead, 1927), 76.
131. Ebenezer Lane to Osborn, Chicago, 14 Aug. 1857, Illinois Central Railroad Archives, box 94, Newberry Library, Chicago.
132. Douglas’s speech at Oquawka, 4 Oct. 1858, Oquawka correspondence, 4 Oct., Missouri Democrat (St. Louis), 9 Oct. 1858.
133. Speech at Carthage, Illinois, 22 Oct. 1858, CWL, 3:331.
134. Weik, Real Lincoln, ed. Burlingame, 155, 194.
135. Whitney, Life on the Circuit, ed. Angle, 237–238.
136. Springfield correspondence, 4 Sept., New York Evening Post, 8 Sept. 1860.
137. Mary Lincoln to Emilie Todd Helm, Springfield, 20 Sept. [1857], Justin G. Turner and Linda Levitt Turner, eds., Mary Todd Lincoln: Her Life and Letters (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1972), 50.
138. Fragment on Niagara Falls, [ca. 25–30 Sept. 1848], CWL, 2:10–11.
139. Illinois State Journal (Springfield), 1 Jan. 1857.
140. Chicago Tribune, 10 Apr. 1857.
141. Speech of 12 June, New York Herald, 3 July 1857; Springfield correspondence by William Herndon, 23 June 1857, Chicago Tribune, n.d., clipping enclosed in Herndon to Wendell Phillips, Springfield, 29 June 1857, Phillips Papers, Harvard University.
142. Robert W. Johannsen, Stephen A. Douglas (New York: Oxford University Press, 1973), 501.
143. Speech in Springfield, 26 June 1857, CWL, 2:398–410.
144. Southern Illinoisan, n.d., copied in the Illinois State Journal (Springfield), 16 July 1857.
145. [William Herndon], Springfield correspondence, 27 June 1857, Chicago Tribune, n.d., clipping enclosed in Herndon to Wendell Phillips, Springfield, 4 July 1857, Phillips Papers, Harvard University.
146. Herndon to Wendell Phillips, Springfield, 29 June 1857, Phillips Papers, Harvard University; Herndon to Theodore Parker, Springfield, 29 June 1857, Herndon-Parker Papers, University of Iowa.
147. Gustave Koerner to Lyman Trumbull, Belleville, 4 July 1857, Trumbull Papers, DLC.
148. New York Times, 4 July 1857.
149. Springfield correspondence, 30 June, New York Tribune, 6 July 1857.
150. Statement by J. M. Sturtevant, Jacksonville, 1882, in Osborn H. Oldroyd, ed., The Lincoln Memorial: Album-Immortelles (New York: G. W. Carleton, 1883), 274.
151. CWL, 2:382–383.
Chapter 12. “A House Divided”
1. Lincoln to Jediah F. Alexander, Springfield, 15 May 1858, Roy P. Basler et al., eds., Collected Works of Abraham Lincoln [hereafter CWL] (8 vols. plus index; New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1953–1955), 2:446.
2. Bancroft’s oration, delivered in New York on 20 Nov. 1854, in Bancroft, Literary and Historical Miscellanies (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1857), 481–517.
3. Henry C. Whitney, Life on Circuit with Lincoln, ed. Paul M. Angle (1892; Caldwell, ID: Caxton Printers, 1940), 209.
4. CWL, 2:437–442; 3:356–363.
5. “Gus” to Mary P. Christian, Pontiac, Illinois, 28 Jan. 1860, Harry E. Pratt, ed., Concerning Mr. Lincoln, in which Abraham Lincoln Is Pictured As He Appeared to Letter Writers of His Time (Springfield, IL: Abraham Lincoln Association, 1944), 21.
6. Lincoln to John M. Carson, Springfield, 7 Apr. 1860, CWL, 4:39.
7. Herndon to Jesse W. Weik, Springfield, 21 Feb. 1891, H-W MSS DLC; Herndon to Ward Hill Lamon, Springfield, 6 Mar. 1870, Lamon Papers, CSmH.
8. Charles Henry Ray to Lyman Trumbull, Chicago, 24 Nov. 1857, Trumbull Papers, DLC; Douglas, speech in Milwaukee, New York Evening Post, 19 Oct. 1860.
9. G. C. Lanphere to Douglas, Galesburg, 24 Dec. 1857, Douglas Papers, University of Chicago.
10. James Williams to Douglas, Belvidere, 26 Jan. 1858, ibid.
11. Lincoln to Lyman Trumbull, Chicago, 30 Nov. 1857, CWL, 2:427; Peoria Transcript, n.d., copied in the Illinois State Register (Springfield), 25 Feb., copied in the Illinois State Journal (Springfield), 26 Feb. 1858.
12. Lincoln to Trumbull, Chicago, 30 Nov. 1857, CWL, 2:427.
13. Trumbull to Lincoln, Washington, 5 Dec. 1857, Trumbull Family Papers, IHi.
14. New York Tribune, 17 May 1858; Robert W. Johannsen, Stephen A. Douglas (New York: Oxford University Press, 1973), 632.
15. Greeley to Schuyler Colfax, New York, 5 Feb., 6, 17 May, 2 June 1858, Greeley Papers, New York Public Library; Greeley to Franklin Newhall, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 8 Jan. 1859, copy, Greeley Papers, DLC.
16. John O. Johnson to Horace Greeley, Springfield, 6 May 1858, Greeley Papers, DLC.
17. New York Times, 5 Mar. 1858.
18. Springfield (Massachusetts) Republican, 18 June 1858, 15 Mar. 1860; George S. Merriam, The Life and Times of Samuel Bowles (2 vols.; New York: Century, 1885), 1:232–245.
19. Quoted by William Kellogg, 13 Mar. 1860, Congressional Globe, 36th Congress, 1st Session, appendix, 160.
20. Lincoln to Charles Henry Ray, Springfield, 27 June 1858, Col. Robert R. McCormick Research Center, Wheaton, Illinois; Chicago Press and Tribune, 21 Apr., copied in the Illinois State Journal (Springfield), 23 Apr. 1858.
21. Lincoln to Trumbull, Bloomington, 28 Dec. 1857, CWL, 2:430.
22. Lyman Trumbull to John M. Palmer, Washington, 14 Dec. 1857, quoted in George Thomas Palmer, A Conscientious Turncoat: The Story of John M. Palmer (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1941), 50.
23. Trumbull to Lincoln, Washington, 25 Dec. 1857, Trumbull Family Papers, IHi.
24. Trumbull to Lincoln, Washington, 3 Jan. 1858, AL MSS DLC.
25. William Schouler to S. P. Chase, Washington, 23 Mar. 1858, Chase Papers, Historical Society of Pennsylvania.
26. Wentworth to Lincoln, Chicago, 19 Apr. 1858, AL MSS DLC.
27. Chicago Press and Tribune, 17 Mar. 1860.
28. Herndon to E. B. Washburne, Springfield, 10 Apr. 1858, Washburne Papers, DLC.
29. Ray to Trumbull, Chicago, 18 Dec. 1857, Lyman Trumbull Papers, DLC.
30. Hatch to Lyman Trumbull, Springfield, 14 Jan. 1858, Trumbull Papers, DLC.
31. Ray to Trumbull, Chicago, 9 Mar. 1858, ibid.
32. Washburne to Herndon, Washington, 28 Apr. 1858, Washburn Family Papers, Washburn Memorial Library, Norlands, Maine.
33. Lincoln to Washburne, Urbana, 26 Apr. 1858, CWL, 2:444.
34. Lincoln to Jediah F. Alexander, Springfield, 15 May 1858, ibid., 2:446–447.
35. Illinois State Journal (Springfield), 12 Jan. 1858.
36. Pascal P. Enos to Henry Wilson, Springfield, 12 Apr. 1858, P. P. Enos Papers, IHi.
37. Lincoln to Hatch, Lincoln, 24 Mar. 1858, Roy P. Basler, ed., Collected Works of Lincoln, First Supplement, 1832–1865 (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1974), 29.
38. Lincoln to Samuel Galloway, Springfield, 28 July 1859, CWL, 3:394.
39. Speech of 12 June 1857 in Springfield, New York, Herald, 3 July 1857.
40. Speech delivered to a deputation of Germans in Chicago, New York Times, 6 and 12 Aug. 1858.
41. Jacksonville Sentinel, 16 Oct. 1857, quoted in CWL, 2:449n.
42. Chicago Daily Democratic Press, 12 Nov. 1857, quoted ibid.
43. The draft of a speech, C
WL, 2:248–254. The editors of Lincoln’s Collected Works think this document may have been a speech delivered at Edwardsville on May 18, or that it may have been written several weeks earlier. It seems likely that it was in fact composed soon after Douglas’s speech of 9 Dec. 1857. Don E. Fehrenbacher, Prelude to Greatness: Lincoln in the 1850’s (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1962), 89–94.
44. Chicago Press and Tribune, 19 Mar. and 10 July 1858.
45. Dubois to Trumbull, Springfield, 8 Apr. 1858, Lyman Trumbull Papers, DLC.
46. Illinois State Journal (Springfield), 19 Apr. 1858.
47. Clinton Central Transcript, 4 June and 9 July 1858.
48. Dixon Republican and Telegraph, in Fehrenbacher, Prelude to Greatness, 61.
49. Charles Henry Ray to E. B. Washburne, Chicago, [15 Apr. 1858?], Washburne Papers, DLC.
50. Gustave Koerner to O. M. Hatch, Belleville, 20 Apr. 1858, Hatch Papers, IHi.
51. “A Republican” to the editor, Chicago, [18?] May, New York Tribune, 27 May 1858.
52. Palmer to Lyman Trumbull, Carlinville, 25 May 1858, Trumbull Papers, DLC.
53. Chicago Democrat, 8 May 1858.
54. Chicago Times, n.d, copied in the Illinois State Register (Springfield), 21 May 1858.
55. Illinois State Register (Springfield), 21 May 1858.
56. Lincoln to Wilson, Springfield, 1 June 1858, CWL, 2:457.
57. Herndon to Theodore Parker, Springfield, 23 Aug. 1858, Herndon-Parker Papers, University of Iowa.
58. Herndon to Jesse W. Weik, Springfield, 23 Dec. 1885, H-W MSS DLC.
59. Herndon to Lincoln, Boston, 24 Mar. 1858, ibid.; Herndon to Theodore Parker, Springfield, 31 Aug. 1858, Herndon-Parker Papers, University of Iowa.
60. Herndon to Greeley, Springfield, 8 Apr. and 20 July 1858, Greeley Papers, New York Public Library.
61. George E. Baker, ed., The Works of William H. Seward (5 vols.; Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1888), 4:596.
62. Baker to Lincoln, Chicago, 6 Sept. 1858, copy in Lincoln’s hand, AL MSS DLC.
63. Lincoln to Charles L. Wilson, Springfield, 1 June 1858, CWL, 2:457.
64. Lincoln to Whitney, Springfield, 18 Dec. 1857, CWL, 2:429.
65. Judd to Lyman Trumbull, Chicago, 19 Apr. 1858, Trumbull Papers, DLC.
66. Lincoln to Stephen A. Hurlbut, Springfield, 1 June 1858, CWL, 2:456.
Abraham Lincoln: A Life, Volume 1 Page 154