152 “well accompanied by soldiers”: Kekewich, The Good King, 25.
153 “The assault, which was very cruel”: Pernoud, Joan of Arc: By Herself and Her Witnesses, 135.
153 “Yield to us quickly”: Ibid.
154 “Here’s for you!”: Ibid.
154 “A little after four o’clock”: Ibid.
154 “In September”: Ibid.
155 “changeability, defiance, and above all, envy”: Pernoud and Clin, Joan of Arc: Her Story, 79.
155 “Messire Regnault de Chartres”: Pernoud, Joan of Arc: By Herself and Her Witnesses, 142.
155 “the sire de la Trémoïlle sent Joan”: Ibid., 145.
156 “When Joan had been there a space of time”: Ibid.
156 “It was at the request of the men of war”: Ibid., 134.
156 “did not wish to pay attention”: Pernoud and Clin, Joan of Arc: Her Story, 91.
157 “The King being in the town”: Pernoud, Joan of Arc: By Herself and Her Witnesses, 147.
158 “resolute to undergo every risk”: Pernoud and Clin, Joan of Arc: Her Story, 83.
159 “with a doublet of rich cloth-of-gold”: Ibid., 86.
159 “well-accompanied by many noble men”: Ibid.
159 “and more assistance flowed towards the Burgundians”: Ibid., 87.
159 “The Maid, going beyond the nature”: Ibid.
159 “an archer, a rough man”: Pernoud, Joan of Arc: By Herself and Her Witnesses, 151.
160 “were very joyous at it”: Ibid., 152.
160 “by the pleasure of our blessed Creator”: Pernoud and Clin, Joan of Arc: Her Story, 90.
160 “more joyful than if he had had a King”: Pernoud, Joan of Arc: By Herself and Her Witnesses, 151.
161 “had become full of pride”: Pernoud and Clin, Joan of Arc: Her Story, 91.
162 “God’s will is inscrutable”: Marina S. Brownlee, “Interference in Mélusine,” in Maddox and Sturm-Maddox, eds., Melusine of Lusignan, 233.
162 “I have never been a prisoner”: Pernoud, Joan of Arc: By Herself and Her Witnesses, 154.
163 “The demoiselle of Luxembourg and the lady of Beaurevoir”: Ibid., 156.
CHAPTER 11: The Trial of Joan of Arc
164 “You say that you are my judge”: Pernoud, Joan of Arc: By Herself and Her Witnesses, 182.
166 “Whereas all faithful Christian princes”: Ibid., 157.
168 “It is by this that it is required”: Ibid., 157– 158.
168 “they should not for anything”: Ibid., 158.
169 “The lady of Luxembourg asked”: Pernoud and Clin, Joan of Arc: Her Story, 93.
169 “I would rather die”: Ibid., 96– 97.
169 “What was the reason you jumped”: Ibid., 96.
170 “The Bishop of Beauvais whom I saw”: Pernoud, Joan of Arc: By Herself and Her Witnesses, 160.
170 “And I know for certain”: Pernoud and Clin, Joan of Arc: Her Story, 104.
170 “fastened by the neck”: Ibid., 105.
171 “Englishmen of the lowest rank”: Ibid., 104.
171 “in a secret place”: Pernoud, Joan of Arc: By Herself and Her Witnesses, 169.
171 “had the warders and others”: Ibid.
171 “nothing concerning Joan”: Ibid.
171 “he was a traitor”: Ibid., 168.
171 “as much for the serenity”: Pernoud and Clin, Joan of Arc: Her Story, 108.
172 “The assessors with the judges”: Pernoud, Joan of Arc: By Herself and Her Witnesses, 170.
172 “At the beginning of the trial”: Ibid., 171.
172 “On this subject”: Ibid.
172 “[He] pretended to be of the Maid’s own country”: Ibid., 172.
172 “In fact, at the beginning of the trial”: Ibid.
173 “to speak the truth”: Ibid., 180.
173 “it may happen that you will ask”: Ibid.
173 “About my father and mother”: Pernoud and Clin, Joan of Arc: Her Story, 109.
174 “This voice which you say… may God keep me in it”: Pernoud, Joan of Arc: By Herself and Her Witnesses, 183.
174 “Asked about the tree… there or anywhere else”: Smith, Joan of Arc, 111.
174 at least seventy recorded cases of witchcraft: For more on recorded trials of witchcraft, see Kieckhefer, European Witch Trials.
175 “It has long been clear”: Russell, Witchcraft in the Middle Ages, 261– 262.
175 “erred with fairies”: Smith, Joan of Arc, 114.
175 “She said that she had heard it”: Ibid., 112.
176 “Do you think that God”: Pernoud, Joan of Arc: By Herself and Her Witnesses, 188.
176 “Why should it have been cut off?”: Ibid.
176 “I have always told you”: Ibid.
176 “How do you know… nothing but by God’s commandment”: Ibid., 184– 185.
176 “She was right subtle”: Ibid., 193.
177 “Since your voices have told you… a great treasure”: Ibid., 191.
177 “which the laws of God”: Murray, Jeanne d’Arc, Maid of Orleans, Deliverer of France, 354.
177 “If the Church Militant… God being first served”: Pernoud and Clin, Joan of Arc: Her Story, 124.
178 “Truly, if you pull”: Ibid., 127.
178 “If you have the sacraments… about that submission”: Pernoud, Joan of Arc: By Herself and Her Witnesses, 203.
178 “The earl of Warwick”: Pernoud and Clin, Joan of Arc: Her Story, 125.
179 “for her own good”: Smith, Joan of Arc, 157.
179 “O Royal House of France!”: Pernoud and Clin, Joan of Arc: Her Story, 130.
179 “I appeal to God”: Ibid., 131.
179 “Do it now”: Ibid.
179 “a great murmur arose”: Ibid., 130.
179 “I, Joan, called the Maid”: Smith, Joan of Arc, 165.
180 “in future she would neither carry arms”: Pernoud and Clin, Joan of Arc: Her Story, 131.
180 “The king has spent his money very badly”: Ibid.
180 “it would go badly”: Ibid., 132.
180 “some of you men”: Ibid.
180 “Take her back”: Ibid.
181 “Gentlemen, you know that it is forbidden”: Pernoud, Joan of Arc: By Herself and Her Witnesses, 219.
181 “You said, upon the scaffold… I will do nothing about it”: Ibid., 222.
181 “Farewell, it is done”: Ibid.
182 “‘Alas! Do they treat me’”: Ibid., 228.
182 “Bishop, I die by you”: Ibid.
182 “We declare that thou, Joan”: Ibid., 230.
183 “By this sentence”: Smith, Joan of Arc, 172.
184 “imploring and invoking”: Pernoud and Clin, Joan of Arc: Her Story, 136.
184 “Once in the fire”: Ibid.
184 “because they feared”: Pernoud, Joan of Arc: By Herself and Her Witnesses, 233.
184 “We are all lost”: Ibid.
CHAPTER 12: Of Politics and Prisoners
188 “the prelates, dukes, counts”: Pernoud and Clin, Joan of Arc: Her Story, 141.
188 “She rode with the King every day”: A Parisian Journal, 262– 263.
189 “our adversary of Burgundy”: Vaughan, Philip the Good, 63.
189 “has, for some time”: Pernoud, Joan of Arc: By Herself and Her Witnesses, 146–147.
192 “When the constable came”: [“Quand le connétable vint, au nom de son frère, trouver Yolande, accompagné du comte d’Etampes et d’ambassadeurs bretons, pour obtenir son agrément, elle entra dans une violente colère, et peu s’en fallut que les choses n’en vinssent à une guerre déclarée.”] G. du Fresne de Beaucourt, Histoire de Charles VII, tome II, 272.
193 “the great, notable, profitable and agreeable”: Ibid., 275.
194 “a brave knight of great heart”: Kekewich, The Good King, 27.
195 “he had so many men”: Ibid., 28.
195 “Intelligence of this defeat”: The Chronicles of Enguerrand de Monstrelet
, vol. 1, 598.
198 “It is… true, most redoubted lord”: Vaughan, Philip the Good, 25.
198 “And firstly, with regard to… as ought reasonably to be satisfactory”: Stevenson, Letters and Papers Illustrative of the Wars of the English in France, vol. 2, part 1, 188– 192.
199 “Notwithstanding all letters”: Ibid., 198– 199.
199 “it is he who does and decides everything”: Vaughan, Philip the Good, 169.
200 Rather, he went to see his mother: For the specifics of René’s visit to his mother, see La Marche, Le Roi René, tome premier, 103, and Senneville, Yolande d’Aragon, 247.
CHAPTER 13: The Queen Takes Control
202 “La Trémoïlle’s… one thought”: Perroy, The Hundred Years War, 292.
202 “The duke of Bedford expected”: The Chronicles of Enguerrand de Monstrelet, vol. 1, 615.
203 “They made him prisoner”: Ibid., 621.
204 “Yolande [of Aragon] resumed all her lost ascendancy”: Perroy, The Hundred Years War, 292.
204 the duke of Burgundy… ordered his representatives: Of the duke of Burgundy’s negotiators’ sudden separation at the council in Basel, medieval historian Joycelyne Dickinson wrote, “This appears to have been the first occasion on which the duke showed his hand… as a separate power with separate interests, which could no longer be served by identification with those of England.” Dickinson, The Congress of Arras, 1435, 122.
204 “The war got worse and worse”: A Parisian Journal, 289– 290.
205 “disobedient rebel, self-styled duke of Burgundy”: Vaughan, Philip the Good, 71.
205 “At length the duchess came… and in distress”: The Chronicles of Enguerrand de Monstrelet, vol. 1, 633– 634.
207 “Charles, by the grace of God, king of France”: Vaughan, Philip the Good, 100.
207 “The king [Charles] will declare”: The Chronicles of Enguerrand de Monstrelet, vol. 2, 10.
208 “Within a few days”: Ibid., vol. 1, 634.
208 Yolande maintained her influence: Of Yolande’s influence over the Congress of Arras, Joycelyne Dickinson observed: “It is… clear that… the queen of Sicily, actively concerned for her son the duke of Bar and perhaps also for the interests of her son-in-law Charles VII, sent no mere observers to Arras, but [was] directly associated with the official French embassy, at least in sessions with the mediators.” Dickinson, The Congress of Arras, 1435, 12.
210 “The English ambassadors were not well pleased”: The Chronicles of Enguerrand de Monstrelet, vol. 2, 6.
212 “for they had perceived”: Ibid., 8.
212 “acknowledge our aforesaid lord king”: Ibid., 16.
212 “All persons were very much surprised”: Ibid., 20.
213 “When the French or Armagnacs realized”: A Parisian Journal, 299.
213 “let us into Paris peacefully… agreed to let them into the town”: Ibid., 302– 303.
214 “My good friends”: Ibid., 305.
214 “The Parisians loved them for this”: Ibid., 306.
214 “in very grand state”: The Chronicles of Enguerrand de Monstrelet, vol. 2, 55.
215 “Thus nobly accompanied”: Ibid.
215 “The crowd of common people”: Ibid., 57.
CHAPTER 14: The Road to Rouen
220 “expressing a confidence”: [“qui mettait toute sa confiance en elle après Dieu”] La Marche, Le Roi René, tome premier, 119.
222 “a brave prince”: Kekewich, The Good King, 30.
223 “In this year”: The Chronicles of Enguerrand de Monstrelet, vol. 2, 88.
223 “they could not agree”: Ibid.
224 “While these negotiations were pending”: Ibid., 100.
225 “For… the king [Charles VII] had been informed”: Ibid., 105.
225 “King Charles of France now assembled”: Ibid., 106.
227 “Were I certain of death”: Kekewich, The Good King, 65.
228 “dazzling”: [“éblouissante”] Senneville, Yolande d’Aragon, 308.
228 “The most beautiful”: [“le plus bel et le meilleur a esté employé pour la fait du royaume d’Italie et baillé au roy Loys”] Ibid., 309.
230 “I will reveal my secret to no one”: Seward, The Hundred Years War, 242.
230 “our dear uncle of France”: Perroy, The Hundred Years War, 310.
231 “The meetings for peace”: The Chronicles of Enguerrand de Monstrelet, vol. 2, 136– 137.
231 “The marriage of Margaret was concluded”: [“le marriage de Marguerite fut conclu… dans l’intérêt de Charles VII et sur sa demande”] La Marche, Le Roi René, tome premier, 127.
233 bestowed upon Charles VII a beautifully bound volume: For information about the copy of Melusine given to Charles VII, see Baudot, Les Princesses Yolande et les Ducs de Bar, 364.
234 “As heretofore Joan the Maid”: Pernoud and Clin, Joan of Arc: Her Story, 149.
CHAPTER 15: The Rehabilitation of Joan of Arc
235 “I know well”: Pernoud, Joan of Arc: By Herself and Her Witnesses, 188.
235 this explanation gives Charles far too much credit: Of Charles’s motivation concerning the inquiry into Joan’s condemnation, medieval scholar M. G. A. Vale wrote, “The wording of the king’s order to Bouillé suggests two motives: first, a desire to ascertain the facts about the trial; secondly, to use those facts, if possible, against the English, who were still holding part of Normandy, as well as Gascony, in February 1450.” Vale, Charles VII, 60.
237 “an iniquitous, scandalous sentence”: Ibid., 62.
238 “[acted] more through love of the English”: Ibid.
238 “Do you know… keep me in it”: Pernoud, Joan of Arc: By Herself and Her Witnesses, 183.
239 “I know that the matter”: Vale, Charles VII, 63.
240 “the preceding and other points”: Pernoud and Clin, Joan of Arc: Her Story, 154.
240 “Although many persons could be plaintiffs”: Pernoud, Joan of Arc: By Herself and Her Witnesses, 264.
240 “a tribunal of rehabilitation”: Vale, Charles VII, 65.
241 “loved to converse upon legal matters”: Pastor, The History of the Popes, vol. 2, 332. The university referred to here was not the University of Paris but the University of Lérida, but the point is that Calixtus very much appreciated scholarship.
241 “I had a daughter”: Pernoud and Clin, Joan of Arc: Her Story, 156– 157.
243 “Bearing in her hand her standard”: Pernoud, Joan of Arc: By Herself and Her Witnesses, 82.
243 “Many of the King’s men”: Ibid., 117.
244 “Then the Maid came”: Ibid., 122.
244 “Willingly did she… punctual in ringing”: Ibid., 18– 20.
244 “I call upon God”: Ibid., 194.
244 “It pleased God thus to do”: Ibid.
244 “As for the Church”: Ibid., 173.
244 “And me, I tell you”: Ibid., 181.
246 “In consideration of the request”: Ibid., 269.
246 “And thereafter my voices say to me”: Ibid., 191.
EPILOGUE
247 “both small and great”: The Chronicles of Enguerrand de Monstrelet, vol. 2, 225.
247 “The attack commenced”: Ibid.
247 “he was put to death”: Ibid.
248 “to watch all the coastline daily”: Vale, Charles VII, 125.
248 “The late Yolande”: Kekewich, Good King René, 18.
248 “bore a man’s heart”: Senneville, Yolande d’Aragon, 105.
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