see also specific Indians and Indian tribes
Iowas, 40–41, 124
Iroquois, 6, 36, 38–39, 52, 132
Jackson, Andrew, 135
Jacobs, John, 5, 182, 236–37
Jenness, John, 355
Johnson, Andrew, 219, 310, 316
Johnson, Dorothy, 236–37
Jones, Robinson, 159–60
Julesburg, Colo., 241–42
battles at, 190–92, 197, 202, 221, 321
Kearny, Philip, 10n
Kearny, Stephen W., 10n, 25, 254n
Kiowas, 24, 42, 54–57, 59–60, 71, 170–71, 206, 233
La Ramée, Jacques, 96
Lee, Robert E., 6, 157, 206, 350
Left Hand, Chief of the Arapaho, 188, 210, 289–90
Leighton, A. C., 251, 258
Lewis, Meriwether, 42, 59, 61, 97, 132, 238
Lincoln, Abraham, 10, 146, 157, 159, 171–72, 177–78, 207, 264
Dakotas and, 161, 166
Little Bighorn, Battle of the, 361–62, 370
Little Crow, Chief of the Sioux, 160–62, 184, 265
Little Piney Creek, 2, 262, 284, 286, 289, 347, 352, 356
Carrington’s Overland Circus and, 253, 255–56, 258–59
Little Thunder, Chief of the Sioux, 136–39, 184–85
Lone Man (father), 60, 63–64
alcoholism of, 63, 83, 108, 350
Lonesome Dove (McMurtry), 298
Lost Children, The, 165
Mackenzie, Alexander, 38
McMurtry, Larry, 298
Madison, James, 179
Mandan, 19, 55, 59
Marcy, Randolph B., 154
Maslowski, Peter, 364–65
Maynadier, Henry, 242–43
Metzger, Adolph, 312–13, 334–35
Mexican War, 10n, 135, 146, 176, 230, 254n, 279
miners, 20, 49, 104–6, 172–73, 231, 236, 281, 356, 360
Bozeman Trail and, 182, 237, 275
and Indian raiding and war parties, 106, 185–86, 282, 303
Red Cloud’s War and, 3, 7, 320, 326, 340–41
see also gold
Mitchell, David D., 23, 29–30, 32
Monnett, John, 373
Moonlight, Thomas, 195, 197–99, 209
Mormons, 22, 105–6, 122–23, 125–27, 151, 153, 271
Mormon War, 153–54, 230
Morton, Christopher, 371
mountain man rendezvous, 98–100
Myrick, Andrew, 159–61
Newport, Christopher, 6n
Nez Percé, 28, 100, 102, 107, 149, 350
North, Bob, 283, 320
Office of Indian Affairs, 227, 242–45, 247
Old-Man-Afraid-Of-His-Horses, 79–80, 112, 123, 143–44, 154–55, 243, 289, 347
Old Smoke, Chief of the Sioux (uncle of Red Cloud), 24, 63–67, 70, 75, 103, 112, 114, 118–19, 131–32, 140, 148, 154, 175
conflict between Bull Bear and, 65, 87–88
raiding parties and, 71–73, 115, 164
Red Cloud’s relationship with, 66–67, 121
treaties and, 33, 93
Omahas, 40–41, 55, 59, 134, 164–65
One Horn, The, chief of the Sioux, 123
Oregon Trail, 83, 95, 96, 100, 104–6, 119–20, 130, 139, 149, 152, 155, 171, 175, 181, 183–84, 192, 197, 199–200, 207, 240, 249, 280, 290, 295, 358–59
Bozeman Trail and, 5, 207, 236, 238
emigrants and, 20–21, 275, 303
Palmer, Innis, 349
Parker, Samuel, 99
Parkman, Francis, 21, 121
Paul, R. Eli, 358, 371
Pawnees, 8, 60, 103, 136, 180, 198, 209, 211, 216, 231, 239, 244, 280, 350, 360–61
horses acquired by, 54–55
Sioux and, 56–57, 71–74, 77, 106, 119, 233, 361
treaties and, 22–23, 25
Peno Creek, 274, 311–13, 317–18, 322–23, 329–31, 336, 338, 345, 347, 363–64
Phillips, John “Portugee,” 340–42, 348–49, 354
Pilot Knob, 256, 262, 280–81, 288, 304
Red Cloud’s War and, 318, 323–26, 328–29, 343, 346
Pine Ridge Indian Reservation, 49, 361–63, 370
Pipe Dance ritual, 131–34
Polk, James K., 135, 146
Poncas, 132
Pope, John, 207, 219, 228–30
Popé, Juan de, 54
Powder River, Powder River Country, 1–4, 20, 25, 60, 70–71, 96, 140, 148–50, 155, 163, 170–71, 173, 181, 209–12, 214–15, 217–19, 233, 235, 273, 277, 282, 292, 298, 304, 360
Bozeman Trail and, 218, 228, 237
Carrington’s Overland Circus and, 242, 247–48, 251–52
Clear Fork of the, 80–81, 105, 263
and Indian raiding and war parties, 191, 305
and Indians’ escape from Army, 191, 193–96
Red Cloud’s War and, 9–10, 15, 323, 341, 351
Sioux and, 57–58, 102, 175
Story and, 295–97
treaties and, 3, 32, 227, 242–44, 356–57
Powell, James, 305, 318–22, 324, 327, 344, 354–55
Pretty Owl (wife of Red Cloud), 109–11, 118, 134, 143, 362
Pueblos, 53–54
railroad, 101, 119, 152, 192, 219, 225, 239, 353, 356, 359, 365
Red Cloud’s War and, 3, 10
Reconstruction, 5, 220, 225, 356
Red Buttes, Battle of, 170
Red Cloud, chief of the Sioux, 21, 127, 140, 143–48, 173, 175, 183, 216, 230, 272–75, 283–84, 299, 307
alleged supernatural powers of, 112–14
in allowing enemy to live, 76–77
ambitions of, 71, 74, 78, 108–9, 112, 114, 163
autobiography of, 50, 63, 70, 85, 93, 135, 358, 369–71
Bear Butte Council and, 143–44, 147, 171
as Big Belly, 233–34, 257, 291, 354
birth of, 60, 136
Bozeman Trail and, 209, 218, 235, 238, 245
Bull Bear’s death and, 89, 105, 112–13
Carrington’s Overland Circus and, 248, 257–59
childhood and adolescence of, 24, 61, 64–79, 152, 350
and closing of Fort Laramie Indian trading post, 358–59
coalition of, 3–4, 15, 210, 289–91, 347, 350, 355
conflict between Black Eagle and, 83–89
contagious diseases and, 119–20
courtship and marriage of, 109–11
cousin’s death and, 71–72
Crazy Horse’s relationship with, 24, 143, 291, 309, 347, 362
Dakotas and, 162–64, 166
death of, 111, 363–64
December 6 fight and, 310, 314, 316
Deon’s relationship with, 162–66
education of, 64–68, 70
fame of, 24, 81, 83, 112–13, 118, 163, 243, 351, 358–59, 363, 365, 370–71
father’s death and, 63–64
Fetterman Massacre and, 321–35, 346–48, 350–51, 369
and fight at Bridge Station, 170, 200, 202, 204–5, 213, 347
fighting skills and qualities of, 77–78, 112
first kill of, 73–75
Fort Phil Kearny construction and, 262–63
Grattan affair and, 128, 130
grave of, 363
heritage of, 108–9
honors of, 114, 131–34, 347
horses and, 68, 80, 85–87, 109–10, 132
hunt for, 206–9, 219, 304, 306
hunting and, 69, 80–81, 85, 108, 112–13, 118, 136, 289, 358
and Indians’ escape from Army, 191, 193–96
injuries of, 112–13
land secured and defended by, 10–11, 12–13, 15, 191, 193, 219, 235, 350–51, 363
leadership of, 108, 154, 163, 211, 245, 270, 274, 289, 355
Little Bighorn winter camp and, 348, 350, 353
naming of, 60
Old Smoke’s relationship with, 66–67, 121
pacifism of, 360–61
physical appearance of, 24, 72–74
political missions of, 4
9–50, 358–60, 362
and raiding and war parties, 4, 25, 34, 71–77, 79–80, 83–86, 88, 106, 112–18, 147–48, 150–51, 163–65, 191, 195, 210–11, 248, 259, 263, 270, 286, 289, 303–4, 308–9
religious beliefs of, 10, 15, 31, 50, 70, 77–78, 197, 363
reservations and, 361–63, 370
rise to power of, 76, 80, 89, 112, 150, 233–34
river escape of, 117–18
speeches of, 359, 362–64
storytelling of, 164–65
strategy and tactics of, 3, 6–7, 14, 141, 155, 199, 202, 205, 214–15, 258–59, 270, 273–75, 280, 290, 298, 308–9, 314, 317, 321–24, 334, 346–48, 350, 355, 361, 369, 373
temper of, 68, 79, 245, 259, 347, 350
Tongue River war council and, 196–97
treaties and, 3–4, 11, 24–25, 29, 32–34, 93–94, 144, 227, 234, 243–47, 353, 356–59, 363
vengefulness and, 125, 170
violence and cruelty of, 25, 64, 76–77, 81, 151
Wagon Box Fight and, 351, 354–55
weapons and, 69, 89, 110–11, 117, 146, 165, 195, 217, 245, 290, 357
Red Cloud, Jack (son), 134, 362
Red Cloud Agency, 360–61
Red Cloud’s War, 2–15, 170, 306–7, 310–55, 365
blizzard in, 344, 346, 349
casualties in, 7–9, 15, 314–15, 318–19, 330–35, 337–41, 344–46, 350, 352, 363–64, 373
causes of, 5–6, 11
December 6 fight in, 310–20
Fetterman Massacre in, 321–53, 325, 363–64, 369, 371–73
half-man’s omen and, 322
Peno Creek and, 311–13, 317–18, 322–23, 329–31, 336, 338, 345, 347, 363–64
Phillips’s mission in, 340–42, 348–49
treaties and, 353, 355, 357
Wagon Box Fight in, 351, 354–55
Red Deer, 86–87
Regan, James, 193–95
Reno Station, 262, 272, 287, 291, 303, 353, 358
and Battle of Crazy Woman Fork, 263–64, 267, 269
Carrington’s Overland Circus and, 249–52, 254, 256–58
command turmoil at, 292–93
Red Cloud’s War and, 348, 351–52
Story and, 295–96
Ten Eyck’s journal and, 273–74
Roman Nose, chief of the Cheyenne, 196, 204–5, 210, 215–16, 317
Sacred Hoop, 66–67, 114, 175, 184
Sand Creek massacre, 124, 188–90, 193, 196, 206–7, 210–12, 225, 227, 279, 289–90
Santa Fe Trail, 20–21, 103, 170–71, 184, 206, 359
Seminoles, 6, 135, 145, 265
Sheldon, Addison, 370–71
Sheridan, Philip, 357–58, 360
Sherman, William Tecumseh, 177, 224, 298
Indian policy and, 227–30, 283–84
Red Cloud’s War and, 9–14, 352–53
treaties and, 283, 356–57
western inspection tour of, 9–11, 239, 283
Shoshones, 8, 25, 98–102, 149, 153, 170, 192, 211, 350, 360–61
Sioux war with, 83–85, 150–51, 175
Snakes and, 26–27, 77, 256
treaties and, 19, 22, 26–27, 31, 98, 101, 184–85
Sibley, Henry, 161
Sioux, 8, 32–52, 108–38, 157, 162, 180n, 187, 218, 232–34, 249, 283–84, 288, 292, 350–62, 373
alcohol consumed by, 63, 67, 102, 108, 119–20
alliance between Cheyenne and, 56–60, 129, 205, 215
Arikara and, 22, 42–44, 114–19, 361
Army officer appointments and, 179–80
Atkinson’s mission and, 61–62
and attack on Fort Rice, 213–14
and attacks on Cole’s force, 214–17
Badlands and, 45–48, 51
and Battle of Blue Water Creek, 137–38
and Battle of Crazy Woman Fork, 263, 265–68
Bear Butte Council, 142–44, 146–48, 155, 165, 171
Big Bellies of, 233–34, 257, 289, 291, 354
Black Hills and, 4, 39, 48–51, 55–57, 59, 70, 84, 119, 142, 146, 149, 154–55, 309, 348
Bozeman Trail and, 236–37
Bozeman warned by, 181–82
buffalo and, 24, 36, 38, 40–42, 45–47, 50–51, 57, 59, 66–71, 80, 85, 94, 103, 112, 123, 132, 135–36, 141, 149, 155, 174–75, 182–83, 233, 274, 304, 309
Bull Bear selected leader of, 87–88
Carrington’s Overland Circus and, 241–42, 248, 256–59
casualties of, 132, 137–38, 150, 173, 193–96, 198, 204, 296
Conquering Bear’s chieftaincy and, 21, 120–21
Crows and, 50, 56–59, 75–77, 79–80, 82, 86–87, 113–14, 119, 125, 143, 150, 155, 163, 173–75, 195, 215, 233, 280, 361
decorations of, 55–56
diet of, 27, 37, 46, 48, 56, 140, 233
diseases of, 119–20
escape from Army of, 192–99
extermination of, 352, 361
and fight at Bridge Station, 169, 202–5, 209–11, 213
fighting concepts and tactics of, 7, 14, 155, 211–12
Fort William and, 70–71
Grattan affair and, 127–30
history and heritage of, 35–48, 55, 57, 59
horses and, 23–25, 42–44, 46, 51–52, 55–57, 59, 62, 64–65, 68–69, 71–74, 79n, 81, 85–86, 88, 94, 108–17, 155
hunting of, 36, 38–39, 41, 46, 48, 55, 57–59, 64–70, 75, 80, 84–85, 94, 103, 105, 113, 131, 135–36, 141, 149–50, 174–75, 181–82, 209–11, 245, 291, 304
land controlled and defended by, 5, 11, 48–50, 71, 102, 184–85
leadership and, 30, 34, 37, 108
lifestyle of, 94, 175
migrations of, 24, 41–42, 51, 57, 64–65, 70, 80, 87, 309, 348, 350, 353
mourning rituals of, 73
myths and religious beliefs of, 4, 34, 37, 42n, 46, 50, 56, 59, 65–67, 70, 77–78, 83–84, 86, 108, 113, 132–33, 142, 144, 146, 165, 175, 322
population growth of, 61–62
and raiding and war parties, 42, 44, 48, 55, 57, 82–89, 112–19, 123–25, 127–28, 130, 132, 134, 143, 164–65, 172–75, 190–91, 195, 197–98, 233–34, 251, 259–61, 274, 283, 291, 295–97, 331
Red Cloud’s War and, 3, 7, 10–15, 314, 317–21, 324, 329, 331, 333, 347–48, 351–55
reservations and, 359–60
Sand Creek massacre and, 190, 196
shooting Mormon-owned cow by, 125–27
social organization of, 37, 64–67, 71–72, 85, 109–11
Story and, 295–97
treaties and, 3–4, 19, 22–30, 32–34, 62, 111, 113, 118–20, 142, 158–59, 185, 223, 226–27, 230, 234, 242–47, 251, 283, 289, 353, 355–57, 360
treatment of children by, 67–69
vengefulness of, 123–25, 127–29
victory dance of, 73–74
violence and brutality of, 35–36, 38, 40, 44, 56, 60, 71–73, 76–77, 79–80, 106, 113, 115, 123, 128, 130, 173, 261, 263, 265, 267–68
war councils of, 15, 196–97, 234
weapons and ammunition of, 40–42, 46, 51, 59–60, 67, 69, 72, 75–76, 79, 81–83, 89, 115, 117, 121, 127–29, 131, 134, 140, 146, 150–51, 195, 203–5, 213–14, 217, 259–61
white emigration and, 21–22, 25
Winter Counts of, 42–44, 51, 56–57, 93, 195
see also Red Cloud, Chief of the Sioux
Sioux, The (Hassrick), 47, 108
Sioux, tribes, subtribes, clans, and bands of:
Bad Faces, 24–25, 32, 65, 75–76, 79–81, 83, 85–86, 88–89, 93, 103, 109–10, 113–16, 119–22, 127, 130, 132, 140, 150, 154, 163, 173, 175, 192, 195–96, 202–3, 205, 210, 243, 245, 258, 280, 290, 350, 356, 359–60
Bear People, 105, 112, 121, 184, 196
Blackfeet, 37n, 42, 120, 142–43, 173, 202, 226
Brules, 25, 32, 37n, 40–44, 48, 51, 55–57, 60, 63, 83, 108–9, 118, 120–22, 125–28, 130, 134–36, 138, 146, 150, 152, 175, 193, 198, 201–2, 205, 217, 226, 234, 241–43, 289–90, 350, 358
Cutoffs, 65, 131
&n
bsp; Dakotas, 37, 158–64, 166, 170–73, 178, 208, 213–14, 265
Hunkpapas, 23, 37n, 42, 62, 118–20, 124, 130, 142–44, 150, 171–73, 210, 212–14, 217, 226, 233, 290, 357–58
Lakotas, 23, 25, 32–33, 37, 39–44, 47–49, 51–52, 55–60, 65, 67, 69–72, 74, 76–78, 80, 83–84, 88, 93, 102–3, 105–6, 108–9, 111–12, 115, 118–28, 131–32, 134–39, 141–43, 148–51, 153–55, 157–58, 162–63, 165–66, 171, 173–74, 181–82, 184–85, 187, 190–98, 201–3, 205, 210–12, 216–18, 221, 230, 233–34, 237, 241–42, 244, 247–48, 251, 256–61, 263, 265–68, 274, 282–84, 286, 288–91, 295–96, 304, 306, 317–22, 329, 331, 334, 347–48, 350–51, 353, 355–57, 359–62, 370
Laramie Loafers, 152, 175, 195, 198–99, 209, 290, 358
Miniconjous, 24, 37n, 42, 56, 118, 120, 122–28, 130, 134, 142–43, 150, 173, 202, 214, 243, 289, 317, 322, 324, 350, 354
Oglalas, 3–4, 24–25, 32, 37n, 40–48, 51, 55–57, 59–61, 63–64, 66, 75–76, 86–89, 105, 108–9, 111–13, 115, 119–23, 125, 127–28, 130–31, 134–35, 139–40, 142–43, 148–52, 154, 163, 170–71, 173–75, 183–84, 195–96, 201–2, 205, 214–15, 217, 243, 245, 248, 261, 289–90, 324, 350–51, 354, 357–58, 370
Sans Arcs, 37n, 42, 120, 142–43, 150, 173, 202, 214, 226, 289, 324, 350
Smoke People, 105, 112, 196
Strong Hearts, 174–75, 191, 198–99, 202, 291, 303, 308, 314, 321, 329
Two Kettles, 37n, 42, 120, 142, 226
Western Sioux, 3, 11, 22, 33, 38–42, 56–58, 60, 62, 64, 67, 89, 94, 102, 111, 120–21, 125, 130, 132, 138, 140–42, 149–50, 155, 157, 163, 233, 359
Yanktonais, 37, 39, 226
Yantons, 37, 39, 226
Sitting Bull, chief of the Sioux, 119, 130, 143, 174, 178, 183, 210, 217, 233, 236, 290, 358, 361–62, 369–70
and attack on Fort Rice, 213–14
hunt for, 206–8, 212
rebellion of, 171, 173
treaties and, 23–24, 357
vengefulness and, 124–25
Smith, Patrick, 283–84
Spanish, Spain, 38, 42–44, 52–54, 60, 97–98, 100, 164
Spirit Lake Massacre, 158
Spotted Tail, chief of the Sioux, 136, 193, 358
and raiding and war parties, 130, 134, 190
surrender and imprisonment of, 138, 184–85
treaties and, 185, 243, 245, 247, 353
Springfield-Allin conversion rifles, 354–55
Stansbury, Howard, 101, 119, 152, 219
Story, Nelson Gile, 294–98
Stuart, Robert, 96
Sublette, William, 70, 99–100, 102–3, 105
Sully, Alfred, 173, 178, 185, 207–8, 213–14
Sumner, E. V. “Bull Head,” 147
Sun Dance, 30, 77–78, 125, 143, 210, 258
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