22. Helen Herron Taft, Recollections, 112.
23. Goodwin, Bully Pulpit, 269.
24. Pringle, Taft, vol. 1, 174.
25. Helen Herron Taft, Recollections, 217.
26. Arnold, Remaking the Presidency, 82.
27. Ibid., 84.
28. Pringle, Taft, vol. 1, 182.
29. William Howard Taft, “The Inauguration of Philippine Assembly,” Address Before the Philippine Assembly, October 16, 1907, in The Collected Works of William Howard Taft, vol. 1, 92.
30. Helen Herron Taft, Recollections, 159.
31. Ibid.
32. Goodwin, Bully Pulpit, 272.
33. Pringle, Taft, vol. 1, 199.
34. Ibid., 191.
35. Ibid., 240.
36. Ibid., 241.
37. Helen Herron Taft, Recollections, 265.
38. Pringle, Taft, vol. 1, 243.
39. Ibid., 219.
40. Ibid.
41. Ibid., 223–31.
42. Ibid., 231.
43. Anderson, Taft: An Intimate History, 81.
44. Pringle, Taft, vol. 1, 245.
45. Helen Herron Taft, Recollections, 267.
46. Pringle, Taft, vol. 1, 247.
47. Ibid., 252.
48. Ibid.
49. Ibid., 254.
50. Goodwin, Bully Pulpit, 298.
51. Ibid., 299.
52. Ibid.
53. Northern Securities Co. v. United States, 193 U.S. 197 (1904).
54. Goodwin, Bully Pulpit, 399.
55. Pringle, Taft, vol. 1, 272.
56. Arnold, Remaking the Presidency, 89.
57. Pringle, Taft, vol. 1, 264.
58. Ibid., 309–10.
59. Frederick Palmer, “Taft, The Proconsul,” Collier’s 39 (April 13, 1907): 13.
60. Pringle, Taft, vol. 1, 276.
61. Ibid., 286.
62. Ibid., 286–88.
63. Andrew Dolan, The Taft Diet: How President Taft Lost 76 Pounds (CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform, 2012), 28, Kindle.
64. Pringle, Taft, vol. 1, 288.
65. Alpheus Thomas Mason, William Howard Taft: Chief Justice (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1965), 30.
66. James Chace, 1912: Wilson, Roosevelt, and Debs—The Election That Changed the Country (New York: Simon & Schuster Paperbacks, 2004), 26.
67. Ibid., 27.
68. Goodwin, Bully Pulpit, 535.
69. Ibid., 545.
70. Ibid., 546.
71. Henry Beach Needham, “Why the President Is for Taft,” Success Magazine 11, no. 173 (Oct. 1908): 661.
72. William Howard Taft, “Speech of Acceptance Delivered at Cincinnati, Ohio,” July 28, 1908, in The Collected Works of William Howard Taft, vol. 3, ed. David H. Burton (Athens: Ohio University Press, 2002), 7.
73. Goodwin, Bully Pulpit, 551.
74. Edgar A. Hornig, “Campaign Issues in the Presidential Election of 1908,” Indiana Magazine of History 54, no. 3 (1958): 237–64.
75. “1908 Democratic Party Platform,” July 7, 1908, American Presidency Project, http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=29589 [https://perma.cc/8QBB-LV8E].
76. Taft, “Speech of Acceptance,” 14.
77. “Republican Party Platform of 1908,” June 16, 1908, American Presidency Project, http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=29632 [https://perma.cc/437D-VU69].
78. Michael Kazin, A Godly Hero: The Life of William Jennings Bryan (New York: Anchor Books, 2007), 155.
79. Taft, “Speech of Acceptance,” 19.
80. “1908 Democratic Party Platform,” July 7, 1908.
81. Taft, “Speech of Acceptance,” 35.
82. Anderson, Taft: An Intimate History, 93.
83. Goodwin, Bully Pulpit, 550.
84. Anderson, Taft: An Intimate History, 94.
85. The Library of Congress Presents: Historic Presidential Speeches, 1908–1993, Rhino Records, 1995, 6 CDs.
86. William Jennings Bryan, “Cross of Gold” Speech (1896, 1921), YouTube, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UV2wRCcWJa8.
87. William Howard Taft, “Republican Responsibility and Performance; Democratic Responsibility and Failure,” In Their Own Voices: The U.S. Presidential Elections of 1908–1912, vol. 1, Marston Records 2000, recorded August 27, 1908, https://www.marstonrecords.com/products/voices#1-23 [https://perma.cc/5TCE-285C].
88. William Howard Taft, “Functions of the Next Administration,” In Their Own Voices, vol. 1, recorded Aug. 5, 1908.
89. Pringle, Taft, vol. 1, 377.
90. Goodwin, Bully Pulpit, 556.
3: “THE BEST TARIFF BILL”
1. James Chace, 1912: Wilson, Roosevelt, and Debs—The Election That Changed the Country (New York: Simon & Schuster Paperbacks, 2004), 13.
2. Helen Herron Taft, Recollections of Full Years (New York: Dodd, Mead, 1914), 326–27, https://archive.org/details/recollectionsfu02taftgoog.
3. Ibid., 327.
4. Ibid., 328.
5. Judith Icke Anderson, William Howard Taft: An Intimate History (New York: W. W. Norton, 1981), 119.
6. Doris Kearns Goodwin, The Bully Pulpit: Theodore Roosevelt, William Howard Taft, and the Golden Age of Journalism (New York: Simon & Schuster Paperbacks, 2013), 569.
7. Anderson, Taft: An Intimate History, 120.
8. Helen Herron Taft, Recollections, 330.
9. William Howard Taft, “Inaugural Address,” Mar. 4, 1909, in The Collected Works of William Howard Taft, vol. 3, ed. David H. Burton (Athens: Ohio University Press, 2002), 45.
10. “Republican Party Platform of 1908,” June 16, 1908, American Presidency Project, http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=29632 [https://perma.cc/B325-FYEA].
11. William Howard Taft, “A Pledge of Tariff Reform,” Address Delivered in Milwaukee, Sept. 24, 1908, in The Collected Works of William Howard Taft, vol. 2, ed. David H. Burton (Athens: Ohio University Press, 2001), 105.
12. Taft, “Inaugural Address,” 46.
13. Ibid.
14. Ibid.
15. Lewis L. Gould, The William Howard Taft Presidency (Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 2009), 50.
16. William Howard Taft, “Message to Congress at the Second Session of the Sixty-First Congress,” Dec. 7, 1909, in The Collected Works of William Howard Taft, vol. 3, 369.
17. Ibid., 370–71.
18. Sidney M. Milkis, “William Howard Taft and the Struggle for the Constitution,” in Joseph W. Postell and Johnathan O’Neill, Toward an American Conservatism: Constitutional Conservatism During the Progressive Era (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2013), 68, Kindle.
19. Helen Herron Taft, Recollections, 331.
20. Pringle, Taft, vol. 1, 400–401.
21. Ibid., 401.
22. Ibid.
23. Helen Herron Taft, Recollections, 332–33.
24. Ibid., 346.
25. Gould, William Howard Taft Presidency, 33.
26. Lawrence F. Abbott, ed., Taft and Roosevelt: The Intimate Letters of Archie Butt, Military Aide, vol. 1 (Garden City, NY: Doubleday, Doran, 1930), 9.
27. William Howard Taft, “A Few Words to Southern Democrats,” Address Delivered in Augusta, GA, Jan. 14, 1909, in The Collected Works of William Howard Taft, vol. 2, 170.
28. Pringle, Taft, vol. 1, 384.
29. Jonathan Lurie, William Howard Taft: The Travails of a Progressive Conservative (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2012), 91.
30. Goodwin, Bully Pulpit, 561–62.
31. Pringle, Taft, vol. 1, 387.
32.�
� Ibid.
33. Lurie, Taft: Travails of a Progressive Conservative, 95.
34. Abbott, Letters of Archie Butt, vol. 1, 37.
35. Lawrence F. Abbott, ed., Taft and Roosevelt: The Intimate Letters of Archie Butt, Military Aide, vol. 2 (Garden City, NY: Doubleday, Doran, 1930), 659.
36. Abbott, Letters of Archie Butt, vol. 1, 37.
37. Gould, William Howard Taft Presidency, 45.
38. Goodwin, Bully Pulpit, 588.
39. William Howard Taft, “Message Convening Congress in Extra Session,” Mar. 16, 1909, in The Collected Works of William Howard Taft, vol. 3, 56.
40. Ibid., 57.
41. William Howard Taft, “Address to Congress Concerning Tax on Net Income of Corporations,” June 16, 1909, in The Collected Works of William Howard Taft, vol. 3, 133.
42. Goodwin, Bully Pulpit, 583. Although “Roosevelt had sympathized with progressive claims that high tariffs strengthened monopolies and artificially inflated prices.” Ibid.
43. John Steele Gordon, Hamilton’s Blessing: The Extraordinary Life and Times of Our National Debt (New York: Penguin Books, 1998), 23.
44. Ibid., 75–76.
45. Sheldon D. Pollack, “The First National Income Tax, 1861–1872,” Tax Lawyer 67, no. 2 (2014): 5, http://udel.edu/∼pollack/Downloaded%20SDP%20articles,%20etc/academic%20articles/The%20First%20National%20Income%20Tax%2012-18-2013.pdf [https://perma.cc/8PNU-S2L2].
46. Pollock v. Farmers’ Loan & Trust Co., 157 U.S. 429 (1895).
47. “Income Tax,” Interactive Constitution, National Constitution Center, https://constitutioncenter.org/interactive-constitution/amendments/amendment-xvi [https://perma.cc/WX3Q-Z8RW].
48. William Howard Taft, “The Achievements of the Republican Party,” Address Before the Young Men’s Republican Club of Missouri, Kansas City, Feb. 10, 1908, Present Day Problems, in The Collected Works of William Howard Taft, vol. 1, ed. David H. Burton and A. E. Campbell (Athens: Ohio University Press, 2001), 286.
49. Paul Wolman, Most Favored Nation: The Republican Revisionists and U.S. Tariff Policy (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1992), xi–xii.
50. Chace, 1912, 33.
51. Michael Nelson, ed., Guide to the Presidency and Executive Branch, 5th ed. (Thousand Oaks, CA: CQ Press, 2012), 126.
52. Anderson, Taft: An Intimate History, 140.
53. Wolman, Most Favored Nation, 145.
54. Ibid.; Gould, William Howard Taft Presidency, 54.
55. Wolman, Most Favored Nation, 147.
56. Gould, William Howard Taft Presidency, 54–55.
57. Anderson, Taft: An Intimate History, 155.
58. Abbott, Letters of Archie Butt, vol. 2, 638.
59. Pringle, Taft, vol. 1, 443.
60. Helen Herron Taft, Recollections, 365.
61. Abbott, Letters of Archie Butt, vol. 1, 88.
62. Anderson, Taft: An Intimate History, 167.
63. Abbott, Letters of Archie Butt, vol. 2, 650.
64. Anderson, Taft: An Intimate History, 171.
65. Letter from William Howard Taft to Nellie Taft (July 22, 1909), in Lewis L. Gould, ed., My Dearest Nellie: The Letters of William Howard Taft to Helen Herron Taft (1909–1912) (Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 2011), 52–53.
66. Anderson, Taft: An Intimate History, 173.
67. Abbott, Letters of Archie Butt, vol. 1, 144.
68. Letter from William Howard Taft to Nellie Taft (July 30, 1909), in Gould, My Dearest Nellie, 61.
69. William Howard Taft, Address at the Lincoln Birthday Banquet of the Republican Club of New York, Feb. 12, 1910, in The Collected Works of William Howard Taft, vol. 3, 451–53.
70. Gould, William Howard Taft Presidency, 51.
71. Ibid., 60.
72. Anderson, Taft: An Intimate History, 173; Gould, William Howard Taft Presidency, 51.
73. Goodwin, Bully Pulpit, 594.
74. Taft, “Address to Congress Concerning Tax on Net Income of Corporations,” 134.
75. Ibid., 135.
76. Ibid., 133.
77. Gordon, Hamilton’s Blessing, 96–97.
78. William Howard Taft, “An Appreciation of General Grant,” Speech Delivered in New York City, May 30, 1908, in The Collected Works of William Howard Taft, vol. 1, 125.
79. Ibid.
80. Pringle, Taft, vol. 1, 457.
81. Abbott, Letters of Archie Butt, vol. 1, 200.
82. Gould, My Dearest Nellie, 70.
83. William Howard Taft, “Address in Winona, Minnesota, on the Tariff,” Sept. 17, 1909, in The Collected Works of William Howard Taft, vol. 3, 172.
84. Ibid., 177.
85. Anderson, Taft: An Intimate History, 175.
86. Sean Wilentz, The Politicians and the Egalitarians: The Hidden History of American Politics (New York: W. W. Norton, 2016).
87. Ibid., 179.
88. William Howard Taft, “Address in Denver on Corporation and Income Taxes,” Sept. 21, 1909, in The Collected Works of William Howard Taft, vol. 3, 195.
89. Ibid., 201–202.
90. Ibid., 202.
91. Pringle, Taft, vol. 1, 459.
92. Ibid., 461.
93. Ibid., 462.
94. Ibid., 465.
95. William Howard Taft, “Address at Georgia State Fair Grounds on Wisdom and Necessity of Following the Law,” Nov. 4, 1909, in The Collected Works of William Howard Taft, vol. 3, 323.
96. Ibid., 324.
4: “WITHIN THE LAW”
1. Sidney M. Milkis, “William Howard Taft and the Struggle for the Constitution,” in Joseph W. Postell and Johnathan O’Neill, Toward an American Conservatism: Constitutional Conservatism During the Progressive Era (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2013), 69, Kindle.
2. Doris Kearns Goodwin, The Bully Pulpit: Theodore Roosevelt, William Howard Taft, and the Golden Age of Journalism (New York: Simon & Schuster Paperbacks, 2013), 606.
3. Ibid.
4. Peri E. Arnold, Remaking the Presidency: Roosevelt, Taft, and Wilson, 1901–1916 (Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 2009), 119.
5. Judith Icke Anderson, William Howard Taft: An Intimate History (New York: W. W. Norton, 1981), 181.
6. Milkis, “Taft and the Struggle for the Constitution,” 70.
7. Ibid.
8. Ibid.
9. Jonathan Lurie, William Howard Taft: The Travails of a Progressive Conservative (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2012), 160.
10. Goodwin, Bully Pulpit, 606.
11. Henry F. Pringle, The Life and Times of William Howard Taft, vol. 1 (Norwalk, CT: Easton Press, 1986), 478.
12. Arnold, Remaking the Presidency, 118.
13. Pringle, Taft, vol. 1, 500–501.
14. Ibid., 121–22.
15. Lurie, Taft: Travails of a Progressive Conservative, 110; Goodwin, Bully Pulpit, 613.
16. Lawrence F. Abbott, ed., Taft and Roosevelt: The Intimate Letters of Archie Butt, Military Aide, vol. 1 (Garden City, NY: Doubleday, Doran, 1930), 193.
17. Ibid., 194.
18. Lurie, Taft: Travails of a Progressive Conservative, 110.
19. Arnold, Remaking the Presidency, 122.
20. Ibid.; Anderson, Taft: An Intimate History, 182.
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