by Carl Zimmer
Nobel Prize, 24, 25
Noe, Arvid, 58
oceans, continuum of life and, 93
Outbreak (film), 74
parasites, retroviruses as, 52
Peiris, Malik, 76
Peter II (czar of Russia), 82
Phoenix virus, 51, 52
pigs, influenza and, 19–20
Pneumocystic jiroveci, 55–56
pneumonia: emergence of HIV and, 55–56; mimiviruses and, 89–90, 91
polio, manufactured, 87
poverty, HIV treatment and, 61
Proctor, Lita, 41–42, 43
rabbits, viruses and cancer in, 23–25
reproduction, of human papillomavirus, 25–27
resh, 9, 11
retroviruses, 48–52. See also avian leukosis; HIV
rhinovirus, 8, 10, 12, 13. See also common cold
RNA: origins of life and, 93–94; virus genomes and, 91
Romania, West Nile virus in, 68
Rous, Francis, 24
Rowbotham, Timothy, 89–90
Sargasso Sea, quantity of viruses in, 42
SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome), 76–77
severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). See SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome)
Shigella bacteria, 35–36, 37
Shope, Richard, 24
Sieburth, John, 42
SIVcpz, 74–75
smallpox, 66, 82–87; picture of, 80
Soverow, Jonathan, 69
Soviet Union: bacteriophage research in, 37; smallpox eradication and, 86
spillover hosts, 75, 76
Suttle, Curtis, 2
swine flu, 19–20
Synechococcus, 45
tobacco mosaic disease, 3–4; picture of virus, xii
“Tree Man,”24–25, 27
28 Days Later (film), 74
Uganda, HIV and, 60–61
United States: HIV in, 57, 60–61, 66, 81; HPV vaccines in, 29; influenza in, 16, 18–19; smallpox eradication and, 86; West Nile virus in, 66, 68–69
vaccinations: controversy over, 29; demand for and delivery of, 84; global differences in programs of, 81–82; human papillomavirus and, 29–30; influenza and, 20; variolation and, 83
variolation, 83
vector-borne viruses, West Nile virus and, 68
Vibrio, 43, 45
viral factories, 92
ViroChip, 76
virology, youth of as science, 2–3, 5–6
viruses: as contagious living fluid, 4; hosts and, 5–6; as living versus nonliving, 91–93; meaning of word, 3, 4, 94; origins of life and, 91; scope of, 33–34; size of, 4–5; varied locations of, 1–3. See also specific viruses
Weiss, Robin, 48–49
West Nile virus, 64–69
white blood cells: avian leukosis and, 54;HIV and, 54
Willner, Dana, 2–3
World Health Organization: SARS and, 76; smallpox and, 85, 87–88
World War I, bacteriophages and, 34, 36
World War II, bacteriophages and, 37
Worobey, Michael, 59, 60
zinc, common cold and, 11
Zur Hausen, Harald, 25