by Rory Carroll
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Ellner, Steve. Rethinking Venezuelan Politics: Class, Conflict, and the Chávez Phenomenon. Boulder, Colo.: Lynne Rienner, 2009.
García Márquez, Gabriel. The General in His Labyrinth. New York: Everyman’s Library, 2004.
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———. Testimonios de la revolución bolivariana. Caracas: Ediciones del Autor, 2002.
Golinger, Eva. The Chávez Code: Cracking U.S. Intervention in Venezuela. Northampton, Mass.: Olive Branch Press, 2006.
Gott, Richard. Hugo Chávez and the Bolivarian Revolution. New York: Verso, 2011.
Hernández, Ramón. Las revelaciones de Luis Tascón. Caracas: Libros Marcados, 2008.
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Kozloff, Nikolas. Hugo Chávez: Oil, Politics, and the Challenge to the U.S. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2007.
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Web site
http://caracas.chronicles.com
Index
The page numbers in this index refer to the printed version of this book. To find the corresponding locations in the text of this digital version, please use the “search” function on your e-reader. Note that not all terms may be searchable.
Abrams, Elliott, 71
Acosta, Yoel, 47
Acosta Carles, Felipe, 94, 141
Acosta Carles, Luis, 94–96, 142, 173
Aeropostal, 173
Afiuni, María Lourdes, 242–49, 278
Afiuni, Nelson, 244
Aharonian, Aram, 195
Aissami, Tarek El, 234
al-Assad, Bashar, 274
Al Jazeera, 195
Allende Gossens, Salvador, 77
al-Qaeda, 71, 273
Altuve, Lídice, 124
Amuay oil refinery, 286
Andrés (pseudonym), 97–100
Andresote, Cimarrón, 259
Antonini, Alejandro, 170–72
Aporrea (Web site), 265
Argentina, canal link with, 31
Arias Cárdenas, Francisco, 47–48
Ávila National Park, 41–42
landslide (2000), 43–46, 131
recovery efforts in, 46
Baduel, Cruz María, 141, 147
Baduel, Raúl, 82, 140–50, 288
and attempted coup (1992), 4, 80, 142
fall from power of, 145–47, 149–50
imprisonment of, 147–50, 244, 245, 255, 278
My Solution, 147
rise to power of, 142–43
and turning points, 142, 144–45
BANDES (development bank), 165
Barrera Tyszka, Alberto, 60, 70
Berlusconi, Silvio, 21
Betancourt, Rómulo, 193
Bin Laden, Osama, 273
Blanco, Andrés Eloy, 187
“The Toothless Ones,” 12
Blanco, Luis, 251–56, 268
Bolívar, Simón:
anniversaries of, 51, 141
Chávez’s esteem for, 3, 15, 88
Chávez’s references to, 12–13, 27, 191–93
descendants of, 153
disillusionment and death of, 20
mausoleum planned for, 282
reviving, 40, 60, 89, 143
at Samán de Güerre, 141
serial fornication of, 51
statues and images of, 10–11, 37, 38, 68, 72, 282
and wars of independence, 20, 51
writings and speeches of, 33, 39, 43, 134, 189, 201, 231
Bolivarian Circles, 74, 253–54
Bolivarian democracy, 112
Bolivarian Intelligence Service (SEBIN), 128, 129, 214
Bolivarian Militia, 152–53
Bolivarian revolution, 15, 17, 26
“boligarchs” of, 168–69, 170, 171, 172
changing direction of, 53, 55–56, 69–70, 98, 248–49, 253, 257
Chavistas, 139, 146
defectors from, 45, 47–48, 53–57, 91–92, 100, 160–62, 166, 184, 207, 265–66
and operational research, 221–24
socialist, 143, 207, 288
as unfinished portrait, 271, 276, 290
Brazil, economy of, 290
Bush, George W., 46, 71, 82, 197
Cabello, Diosdado, 122–23, 126, 177–79, 278
Cabello, José David, 177–78
CADIVI (currency exchange), 164–65
Caldera, Matson, 260
Camacho, Jorge, 34
Camejo Mujica, Gloria, 34
Capriles Radonski, Henrique, 277–78, 287, 289
Caracas, 117–18
class inequality in, 58–59
earthquakes in, 36–37, 187
El Cementerio gang, 225–31
El Silencio, 64, 118, 215
Fifth of July gang, 226
gangs in, 225–31, 233
government bureaucracy in, 118–28, 216, 268–69
La Casona (presidential residence) in, 32, 37, 50
La Francia, 14, 16–17
La Gran Pulpería del Libro Venezolano, 190
Los Pelucos gang, 226, 229
Miraflores in, see Miraflores Palace
Parque Central Towers inferno, 123
Plaza Bolívar in, 9–17
urban decay in, 15–16, 17, 187, 203, 218–21
Caracazo riots (1989), 20, 40, 59, 94, 264
Carla (pseudonym), 51–52
Carmona, Pedro, 74, 75, 77–80, 81–82, 142
Carroll, Rory:
career of, 21–22
on Hello, President, 108–17
Caruachi hydroelectric plant, 286
Castellanos, Rafael, 78, 189–92, 194, 198
Castro, Cipriano, 36–37
Castro, Fidel, 44, 71, 182, 277
and April 2002 crisis, 76–77, 98
and conspiracies, 100, 149, 272
and Cuban economy, 102
Cuban G2 in situation room, 98–100, 102
friendship of Chávez and, 1, 2, 4, 27, 46, 47, 98
r
evolutionary slogans of, 143–44
and Venezuela’s oil, 98, 102
visit of Chávez and, 99–100
Catholic Church, 12
Cedeño, Eligio, 242–43, 246
Chacón, Jesse, 228
Chávez, Isaías “Látigo,” 86–88
Chávez Colmenares, Hugo Rafael (son), 49
Chávez Colmenares, María Gabriela (daughter), 9–10, 11, 12, 49
Chávez Colmenares, Rosa Virginia (daughter), 49
Chávez Frías, Adán (brother), 30, 85, 86, 88, 90, 270, 282
Chávez Frías, Hugo Rafael:
accomplishments of, 289–90
and April 2002 crisis, 72–77, 81, 82–83, 98–99, 188, 264
as artist, 270, 271
assassination fears of, 100, 130–31, 272, 273, 282
attempted coup (February 1992), 2, 3, 20–21, 36, 40, 47, 48, 49, 63, 80–81, 90, 91, 112, 122, 142, 144, 167, 193–94
biographies of, 60
birth of, 3, 42, 84–85
and cancer, 277, 279–80, 282
and constitutional referendum (2007), 111–12, 139–40, 146–47, 150, 177
and Cuba, see Castro, Fidel
disillusionment with, 45, 47–48, 57–58, 60, 62, 267
early years of, 3, 63, 84–90, 92, 140, 193
election (1998), 2, 21, 40, 50, 59, 60, 98, 267, 276
family of, 32, 37, 49–50
and foreign affairs, 273–74
forms of address, 134–35
as illusionist, 281, 283, 284
impulsiveness of, 133
inauguration (1999), 15
international image of, 46–47
interviews with, 1–5
life story rewritten, 193–94
and media, see media
middle class attacked by, 59–61, 93
and the military, 143–44, 149, 150–53
nickname Tribilin, 84
and operational research, 221–24
opponents of, 60–61, 70–71, 74–75, 76, 79, 92, 93, 94, 108–9, 153–54, 274–75
at Our Lady of Coromoto shrine, 278–81
as philosopher king, 272
plans for future projects, 14, 55
polarization as strategy of, 60–61, 81, 92–93
popularity of, 17–18, 26, 40, 48, 54, 101, 108, 235
portraits of, 127–28
power wielded by, 70, 108, 112
public image of, 167–69, 241, 264
reelection (2000), 48, 276
reelection (2006), 22, 108–9, 139, 143
reelection (2012), 153, 275–76, 280–81, 284, 287–88
return to power, 82
rise to power, 2, 3, 40, 149, 172
and Rosa Inés (grandmother), 85, 86, 87, 92
as storyteller, 4, 12–13, 185, 187–89, 196
supporters of, 53–54, 58, 93, 240–41, 267–68
and term limits, 154–55, 272, 288
ubiquitous images of, 17, 23, 38, 270–71
and waste, 290
and wife Marisabel, 32, 48–51
and wife Nancy, 49, 141
Chávez Rodríguez, Rosinés (daughter), 49, 136
China Development Bank, 283–84
Chomsky, Noam, 248–50
Cincinnatus, Lucius Quinctius, 146
Cisneros, Gustavo, 75, 95
Ciudad Guayana, 206–15
and failing economy, 210–12
scavenging in, 209, 212
trade union leaders in, 213–15
Venalum in, 210–14
Clausewitz, Carl von, 65, 88
Clinton, Bill, 44, 46, 71
CNN en Español, 195
Colmenares, Nancy, 49, 141
Colombia:
diplomatic relations with, 225, 268
and drugs, 151, 173–75, 228
Columbus, Christopher, 19, 115
Conan Doyle, Arthur, The Lost World, 174
Constructing Republic, 257–59
Cortés, Hernán, letter to Chávez from, 34
Crespo, Joaquín, 36
Cuba:
G2 intelligence service, 98–100, 128, 129
and Soviet Union, 98
and Venezuela, 18, 59, 98–100, 102, 143–44, 150, 182, 212
CVG (Corporación Venezolana de Guayana), 207–8
Day of Indigenous Resistance, 62
Democratic Unity Roundtable, 277
Diego de Ordaz, 19
DISIP (Directorate for Intelligence and Prevention Services), 38, 45, 128, 171, 173, 175, 214
Duhalde, Eduardo, 149
“Dutch disease,” 160, 163
Econoinvest, 161
El Cartel de los Soles, 174
El Dorado, 19, 291
El Evangélico (criminal), 235
El Helicoide, 173, 175
El Niño, 180
Engels, Friedrich, 116
Faja, oil in, 158, 268, 283
Falkland/Malvinas Islands, 259
Farías, Jacqueline, 133–34
Farías, Jesús, 256–57
FBI, 170–72
Fernández de Kirchner, Cristina, 170
Ferrominera Orinoco, 213
Fifth Republic, 45, 63, 272
Fleischer, Ari, 77
Fonden (government fund), 165, 283, 286
Fourth Republic, 45, 63, 272
Funes, Mauricio, 267
Gadhafi, Muammar al-, 274
Gamluch, Rada, 210–12
Gandhi, Mohandas K. (Mahatma), 116
García, Carlos, 53–57, 60
García Carneiro, Jorge Luis, 148–49, 255
García Márquez, Gabriel, 1–5, 26, 39, 80, 117, 142, 276, 281
Gates, Bill, 178, 208
Giordani, Jorge “Monk,” 64, 67, 69, 121–22, 124–26, 162–67, 222–23, 283
Global Financial Integrity, 166
Globovisión, 70, 186, 199
Golinger, Eva, 196–200, 230
Gómez, Juancho, 190
Goncalves, David (Rey David), 131–32
González, Rubén, 213, 214
Gramsci, Antonio, 98, 116
Great Housing Mission, 284–85
Great National Moral and Illuminating Journey, 231–34, 236, 240, 250
Great National Period of Ethics and Enlightenment, 232
Guaicaipuro (folklore), 61–62, 68
Guevara, Che, 38
Guri Reservoir, 180–81, 182, 208
Guzmán Blanco, Antonio, 11
Haier, appliances imported from, 285
Hannibal, 88
Hello, President:
author’s appearance on, 108–17
changing content of, 24–25, 197, 216–17, 221–24
communal councils on, 28–31
at Plaza Bolívar, 9–17, 181, 258
ratings of, 194
shifting locations of, 16–17
Hernández, Carmen Elisa, 73
Hernández, María, 255
Hernández, Ramón, 176
Hitchens, Christopher, 273
Humala, Ollanta, 267
Humboldt, Alexander von, 105, 124
Hussein, Saddam, 47
Ibarra, Helena, 130
Illarramendi, Francisco, 161
Indecu (state regulatory agency), 95
Iraq war, 102, 108, 158
Istúriz, Aristóbolo, 136
Izarra, Andrés, 133, 195–96, 282
January 23 slum, 35
Japan, Fukushima nuclear plant, 2011 tsunami, 219
Jesus of Nazareth, 192
Jiménez, Rafael Simón, 84, 86–87, 89–92
John Paul II, pope, 279
Kirchner, Néstor, 271
Krauze, Enrique, 39
Lameda, Guaicaipuro, 62–70, 80–82
and April 2002 march, 74–76, 81, 82
as budget controller, 63–65, 125
and PDVSA, 65–69, 79, 81
retirement of, 69
turning points for, 69–70, 142
Lauro, Adelso, 205–6
Ledezma, Antonio, 153
–54, 174
Lope de Aguirre, 19
López, Leopoldo, 153
Lula da Silva, Luiz Inácio, 267
Lynch, John, 193
Maduro, Nicolás, 120–21, 288–89
Magallanes (baseball team), 30, 71
Maionica, Moises, 170–72
Maisanta (Chávez’s great-grandfather), 133, 187
Maisanta software, 104
Maisto, John, 47
Makled, Walid “the Turk,” 173–75, 261
Maldonado, Nicia, 109–10
Mandela, Nelson, 236
Mao-tse Tung, 88, 116, 283
Marcano, Cristina, 60, 70
Marksman, Herma, 49, 141
Márquez, Gustavo, 125
Mars, Chávez’s comment on, 137–38
Marx, Karl, 38, 39, 116, 192
MAS (Movement for Socialism), 87, 88, 90
media:
@chavezcandanga, 185
Al Jazeera, 195
and April 2002 crisis, 72–77, 82
and attempted coup (1992), 21, 91
author’s interview on, 108–17
broadcast from Our Lady of Coromoto shrine, 278–81
centralized agency for, 25–26
chains, 184–87, 279, 286
Chávez’s Lines (newspaper column), 184
and Chávez’s private life, 51
Chávez’s skills with, 22–31, 47, 60–61, 91, 104, 134, 135, 187–88
Chávez’s speeches on, 55–56, 73, 184, 190, 203, 278–81
CNN en Español, 195
Constructing Republic, 257–59
democratization of, 194–96
government monitoring of, 97
Hello, President, 9–17, 24–25, 28–31, 184, 194, 216–17, 221–24
and Information Ministry, 185–86, 195–96
live presidential broadcasts (cadenas), 24, 133
Miguel’s Truths, 129, 198
and ministers’ paranoia, 128–30
and national strike (2003), 94–96
and natural disasters, 44, 182–83
opposition in, 61, 70–71, 76, 96, 128, 186, 199, 272
political campaigns in, 48, 91, 107
privately owned, 70, 75–76, 92, 112, 186–87
propaganda broadcasts on, 195–96, 236, 240, 261, 262–63, 265, 274
The Razorblade, 38
RCTV closed, 109, 112, 139, 186
satellite images, 27–28, 29
state television, 17, 23, 25, 195, 257, 265, 270–71, 274, 282
Suddenly with Chávez, 181–82, 184
Telesur, 195–96
Twitter, 184–85, 239, 245, 263, 282
Villa del Cine, 232
Western propaganda in, 273
Mercury, Freddie, 176
Mi Casa Bien Equipada (My Well-Equipped Home), 285–86
MinCI (Ministry of Communication and Information), 25–26, 31, 118
ministers: