36. Falls County Historial Commission, Families of Falls County, 454.
37. St. Romain, Western Falls County, Texas, 110.
38. Rogers, “Beloved Pioneer and Leader Expires Tuesday.”
39. Roy Eddins, Marlin’s Public Schools from the 1840s to 1960 (Marlin, TX: Marlin Ex-Students Association, 1960), 39.
40. Falls County Historial Commission, Families of Falls County, 455.
41. Ibid., 456.
42. “School Reports,” Marlin Democrat, January 12, 1897.
43. Rogers, “Beloved Pioneer and Leader Expires Tuesday.”
44. Ibid.
45. Marlin Bicentennial Heritage Committee, Marlin 1851–1976, 33.
46. Ibid., 34.
47. Ibid., 35.
48. Ibid.
49. Ibid.
50. Ibid., 37.
51. Ibid.
52. Various articles, Marlin Democrat, March–June 1897.
53. Ibid.
54. “UCV Meets,” Marlin Democrat, September 4, 1897.
55. J. M. Kennedy, “Emancipation Day Observed in Marlin,” Marlin Democrat, June 24, 1897.
56. Walter L. Fleming, Ex-Slave Pension Frauds (Baton Rouge, LA: Ortlieb’s Printing House, 1910), 3, 13.
CHAPTER 12
1. Wiliam D. Carrigan, The Making of a Lynching Culture: Violence and Vigilantism in Central Texas 1836–1916 (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2004), 63.
2. Ibid., Appendix A.
3. Marlin Bicentennial Heritage Committee, Marlin 1851–1976 (Marlin, TX: Marlin Chamber of Commerce, 1976), 25.
4. “New Year Lynching,” Dallas Morning News, January 2, 1891.
5. Ibid.
6. “Awaiting the Lynchers,” Dallas Morning News, January 5, 1891.
7. U. S. Bureau of the Census, 1880 Census for Falls County, Texas, film 1255302, p. 252C, Family History Library, Salt Lake City, UT.
8. “More Blood Near Lang,” Dallas Morning News, January 6, 1891.
9. Ibid.
10. Alwyn Barr, Black Texans: A History of African Americans in Texas, 1528–1995 (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1996), 84.
11. Carrigan, The Making of a Lynching Culture, Appendix A.
12. “A Word as to Lynching,” Dallas Morning News, March 1, 1893.
13. Carrigan, The Making of a Lynching Culture, 113.
14. “That Terrible Explosion,” Dallas Morning News, August 5, 1895.
15. “Negro Shot and Killed,” Dallas Morning News, April 18, 1895.
16. “That Terrible Explosion,” Dallas Morning News.
17. Ibid.
18. Ibid.
19. Carrigan, The Making of a Lynching Culture, 160.
20. “That Terrible Explosion,” Dallas Morning News.
21. J. M. Kennedy, “Columbus Fendrick, Colored Man, Convicted of Murdering R. H. Boyd,” Marlin Democrat, August 26, 1897.
22. Ibid.
23. Ibid.
24. Ibid.
25. J. M. Kennedy, “Rumor of a Mob,” Marlin Democrat, May 6, 1897.
26. Kennedy, “Columbus Fendrick, Colored Man, Convicted of Murdering R. H. Boyd.”
27. “Three Negro Men Were Lynched,” Dallas Morning News, May 15, 1897.
28. “Three Lynched,” Marlin Democrat, May 20, 1897.
29. J. M. Kennedy, editorial, Marlin Democrat, May 20, 1897.
30. Carrigan, The Making of a Lynching Culture, 164.
CHAPTER 13
1. “Brazos Valley Flood,” Dallas Morning News, July 16, 1899.
2. “Situation at Waco,” Dallas Morning News, July 5, 1899.
3. Ibid.
4. “Brazos River Planters,” Dallas Morning News, January 21, 1900.
5. “Flood in Falls County,” Dallas Morning News, May 4, 1900.
6. Author’s interview with Robert Lee Tomlinson, May 28, 2008.
7. Marlin Bicentennial Heritage Committee, Marlin 1851–1976 (Marlin, TX: Marlin Chamber of Commerce, 1976), 92.
8. Ibid., 68.
9. Roy Eddins, Marlin’s Public Schools from the 1840s to 1960. (Marlin, TX: Marlin Ex-Students Association, 1960), 38.
10. Alwyn Barr, Black Texans: A History of African Americans in Texas, 1528–1995. (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1996), 101.
11. Eddins, Marlin’s Public Schools from the 1840s to 1960, 46.
12. “School Reports,” Marlin Democrat, December 10, 1903.
13. Marlin Bicentennial Heritage Committee, Marlin 1851–1976, 61.
14. Ibid., 167.
15. Ibid., 63.
16. Ibid., 77.
17. Barr, Black Texans, 147.
18. Marlin Bicentennial Heritage Committee, Marlin 1851–1976, 68.
19. Ibid., 55.
20. Barr, Black Texans, 79.
21. Ibid.
22. Ibid., 176.
23. Ibid., 80.
24. Ibid., 84.
25. Ibid., 82.
26. Marlin Bicentennial Heritage Committee, Marlin 1851–1976, 134.
27. Eddins, Marlin’s Public Schools from the 1840s to 1960, 64.
28. Barr, Black Texans, 165.
29. Ibid., 153.
30. Ibid., 112–13, 144.
31. “Texas Judge Whips John R. Shillady,” New York Times, August 23, 1919.
32. Ibid.
33. Barr, Black Texans, 91, 97.
34. Web site for the film Unforgivable Blackness: The Rise and Fall of Jack Johnson at http://www.pbs.org/unforgivableblackness/index.html (accessed October 13, 2012).
35. “Whites and Blacks Riot,” New York Tribune, July 5, 1901.
36. Barr, Black Texans, 137.
37. See http://www.pbs.org/unforgivableblackness/index.html.
38. Ibid.
39. Randolph B. Campbell, Gone to Texas: A History of the Lone Star State (New York: Oxford University Press, 2012), 338.
40. Falls County Historial Commission, Families of Falls County (Austin, TX: Eakin Press, 1987), 456.
41. Author’s interview with Charles Tomlinson, September 21–22, 2012.
42. Old Settlers and Veterans Association of Falls County, Texas, History of Falls County, Texas, ed. Roy Eddins (Marlin, TX: Old Settlers and Veterans Association of Falls County, Texas, 1947), 294.
43. Ibid., 295.
44. Ibid.
45. Ibid., 298.
46. Ibid., 302.
47. Marjorie Rogers, “Beloved Pioneer and Leader Expires Tuesday,” Marlin Democrat, January 23, 1943.
48. Marlin Bicentennial Heritage Committee, Marlin 1851–1976, 72.
49. Ibid., 134.
50. “Sophs Lose to Juniors,” Marlin Democrat, April 18, 1918.
51. Author’s interview with Robert Lee Tomlinson, May 28, 2008.
52. Old Settlers and Veterans Association of Falls County, Texas, History of Falls County, Texas, ed. Roy Eddins, 205–09.
53. Barr, Black Texans, 114–115.
54. Old Settlers and Veterans Association of Falls County, Texas, History of Falls County, Texas, ed. Roy Eddins, 208.
55. Marlin Bicentennial Heritage Committee, Marlin 1851–1976, 73.
56. “Award Athletic Letters,” Marlin Democrat, May 9, 1919.
57. Classified ad in the Dallas Morning News, October 17–18, 1918.
58. Falls County Historial Commission, Families of Falls County, 280.
59. “Ten Votes Decide Race,” Marlin Democrat, March 2, 1921.
60. “Census Counters Names,” Marlin Democrat, February 9, 1922.
61. “Three River Victims Still Missing,” Marlin Democrat, May 17, 1922.
62. Ibid.
63. Ibid.
64. “Pontoon Bridge Ready, Will be Shipped at Once” Marlin Democrat, May 19, 1922.
65. U.S. Bureau of the Census, 1900 Census for Falls County, Texas, Justice Precinct 4, District 21. (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, June 16, 1900).
66. “Marriage Certificate for Peter Tomlinson and Josephine Beal,” August 23, 1875, Falls County Records, Marlin, TX
.
67. U.S. Bureau of the Census, 1900 Census for Falls County, Texas, Justice Precinct 4, District 21.
68. Barr, Black Texans, 158.
69. Author’s interview with Frank Wyman, June 10, 2012.
70. Author’s interview with Lizzie Mae Tomlinson Scott, June 10, 2012.
71. Barr, Black Texans, 167.
72. Old Settlers and Veterans Association of Falls County, Texas, History of Falls County, Texas, ed. Roy Eddins, 199.
CHAPTER 14
1. “Reunion is Great Event,” Marlin Democrat, July 14, 1922.
2. “Old Settler Passes Away,” Marlin Democrat, September 16, 1922.
3. Alwyn Barr, Black Texans: A History of African Americans in Texas, 1528–1995 (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1996), 165.
4. Michael Gillespie and Randal L. Hall, Thomas Dixon, Jr. and the Birth of Modern America (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2006).
5. Richard Shickel, D. W. Griffith: His Life and Work (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1984).
6. Southern Poverty Law Center, The Ku Klux Klan: A History of Racism and Violence, at http://www.splcenter.org.
7. Ibid.
8. Annie Burton Cooper, The Ku Klux Klan (Los Angeles: W. T. Potter, 1916), 9–10.
9. “Give Woman a Tar Coat,” Marlin Democrat, July 18, 1918.
10. Michael Phillips, White Metropolis: Race, Ethnicity and Religion in Dallas, 1841–2001 (Austin: University of Texas Press, 2006), 67.
11. Barr, Black Texans, 140.
12. Mark E. Lender and James K. Martin, Drinking in America (New York: Free Press, 1982), 11.
13. Southern Poverty Law Center, The Ku Klux Klan.
14. Silliman Evans, “Texas Congressional Democrats Oppose National Anti-Lynching Bill,” Associated Press, December 20, 1921.
15. Phillips, White Metropolis, 83.
16. Bryan Woolley, “At Its Peak, KKK Gripped Dallas,” Dallas Morning News, October 15, 2010.
17. “Thousand Knights of the Ku Klux Klan Parade in Dallas,” Dallas Times Herald, May 22, 1921.
18. Alonzo Wasson, “Dallas Slandered,” Dallas Morning News, May 24, 1921.
19. Woolley, “At Its Peak, KKK Gripped Dallas.”
20. “Ku Klux Treasury Swells with Fees Paid by Members,” Marlin Democrat, September 6, 1921.
21. Phillips, White Metropolis, 100.
22. Barr, Black Texans, 116, 139.
23. David Ritz, “Inside the Jewish Establishment,” D: The Magazine of Dallas, November 1, 1975 (accessed digitally: www.dmagazine.com/publications/-magazine/1975/November/inside-the-jewish-establishment/).
24. Phillips, White Metropolis, 98.
25. Author’s interview with Mary Jane Ward, April 10, 2012.
26. Author’s interview with Robert Lee Tomlinson, March 17, 2010.
27. Ibid.
28. Woolley, “At Its Peak, KKK Gripped Dallas.”
29. Phillips, White Metropolis, 89.
30. Ibid.
31. “Evans Arrives for Klan Day at the Fair,” Dallas Morning News, October 24, 1923.
32. Phillips, White Metropolis, 86.
33. Ibid., 87.
34. “Hope Cottage is Dedicated by Klan,” Dallas Morning News, October 24, 1923.
35. Phillips, White Metropolis, 89.
36. Ibid., 91.
37. Woolley, “At Its Peak, KKK Gripped Dallas.”
38. “Klan Party Held,” Dallas Morning News, December 26, 1924.
39. Michael Newton and Judy Ann Newton, The Ku Klux Klan: An Encyclopedia (New York: Garland Publishing, 1991), 70.
40. Ibid.
41. Marlin Bicentennial Heritage Committee, Marlin 1851–1976 (Marlin, TX: Marlin Chamber of Commerce, 1976), 77.
42. “Parade Is Staged by Klan,” Marlin Democrat, September 14, 1921.
43. Ibid.
44. “Klan Clashes with Law,” Marlin Democrat, October 3, 1921.
45. Ibid.
46. “Citizens Endorse Parade,” Marlin Democrat, October 3, 1921.
47. “Ku Klux Klan in Texas Unlawful Organization Attorney General Rules,” Fort Worth Star-Telegram, October 16, 1921.
48. Ibid.
49. “Minstrels Make Big Hit,” Marlin Democrat, March 4, 1922.
50. “Attention Is Called to the Kriss Kross Karnival,” Marlin Democrat, July 27, 1922.
51. “Poll Tax Records Broken,” Marlin Democrat, February 8, 1922.
52. Rosebud Klan No. 110, “Letter to Nick Potts,” Marlin Democrat, February 21, 1922.
53. “Klan Takes Convention,” Marlin Democrat, July 22, 1922.
54. Ibid.
55. Ibid.
56. “Marlin Klan Entertains,” Marlin Democrat, August 17, 1923.
57. Ibid.
58. Ibid.
59. Old Settlers and Veterans Association of Falls County, Texas, History of Falls County, Texas, ed. Roy Eddins (Marlin: Old Settlers and Veterans Association of Falls County, Texas, 1947), 220.
60. Marlin Bicentennial Heritage Committee, Marlin 1851–1976 (Marlin, TX: Marlin Chamber of Commerce, 1976), 77.
61. J. M. Kennedy, “Anonymity,” Marlin Democrat, August 8, 1924.
62. J. M. Kennedy, “The Klan Bolts,” Marlin Democrat, August 4, 1924.
63. Ibid.
64. “Invisibles Hold Meet,” Marlin Democrat, August 6, 1924.
65. “Klansmen Turned Down,” Marlin Democrat, September 3, 1924.
66. “Says K.K.K. Out of Politics,” Marlin Democrat, September 8, 1924.
67. Marlin Bicentennial Heritage Committee, Marlin 1851–1976, 85.
68. Southern Poverty Law Center, The Ku Klux Klan.
69. Phillips, White Metropolis, 101.
70. Ibid., 102.
CHAPTER 15
1. Alwyn Barr, Black Texans: A History of African Americans in Texas, 1528–1995. (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1996), 169.
2. Robert Uzzel, Blind Lemon Jefferson: His Life, His Death and His Legacy (Austin, TX: Eakin Press, 2002), 4.
3. Barr, Black Texans, 165, 168.
4. Marlin Bicentennial Heritage Committee, Marlin 1851–1976 (Marlin, TX: Marlin Chamber of Commerce, 1976), 81.
5. Greg Johnson, “Henry ‘Ragtime Texas’ Thomas,” at http://www.cascadeblues.org/History/HenryThomas.htm (accessed Aug. 12, 2012).
6. Barr, Black Texans, 169.
7. Christine Hamm, “Ledbetter, Huddie [Lead Belly],” at http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/fle10 (accessed Aug. 12, 2012).
8. Ibid.
9. Alan Lee Haworth, “Hopkins, Sam [Lightnin’],” at http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/fhoab (accessed Aug. 12, 2012).
10. Barr, Black Texans, 169.
11. Uzzel, Blind Lemon Jefferson, 29.
12. Ibid., 46.
13. Michael Hall, “The Soul of a Man,” Texas Monthly, December 2010 (accessed www.texasmonthly.com/story/soul-man).
14. Ibid.
15. “Men Arrested by Rangers No Billed by Grand Jury,” Dallas Morning News, November 7, 1924.
16. Author’s interview with Lizzie Mae Tomlinson Scott, June 10, 2012.
17. Author’s interview with Frank Wyman, June 10, 2012.
18. Ibid.
19. Ibid.
20. Thomas Turner, “Marlin Policeman Acquitted of Murder,” Dallas Morning News, May 12, 1961.
21. Author’s interview with Robert Lee Tomlinson, May 28, 2008.
22. “Make Awards in Yard Contest at Marlin,” Dallas Morning News, June 11, 1928.
23. Marlin Bicentennial Heritage Committee, Marlin 1851–1976, 74.
24. Ibid., 152.
25. Ibid., 172.
26. Ibid., 83.
27. Ibid., 219.
28. Barr, Black Texans, 153.
29. Old Settlers and Veterans Association of Falls County, Texas, History of Falls County, Texas, ed. Roy Eddins (Marlin, TX: Old Settlers and Veterans Association of Falls County, Texas, 1947), 223.
30. Ibid., 224.
&nbs
p; 31. Marlin Bicentennial Heritage Committee, Marlin 1851–1976, 84.
32. Marjorie Rogers, “Old Settlers’ and Confederates’ Reunion,” Lockhard Post Register, August 26, 1937.
33. Old Settlers and Veterans Association of Falls County, Texas. History of Falls County, Texas, ed. Roy Eddins, 224.
34. Barr, Black Texans, 154.
35. Author’s interview with Charles Tomlinson, Sept. 21–22, 2012.
36. Author’s interview with Lizzie Mae Tomlinson Scott.
37. Peter Tomlinson’s Death Certificate, August 1, 1926, Falls County Clerk’s Office, Lott, TX.
38. Author’s interview with Lizzie Mae Tomlinson Scott.
39. Ibid.
40. Author’s interview with Charles Tomlinson.
41. Author’s interview with Lizzie Mae Tomlinson Scott.
42. Author’s interview with Charles Tomlinson.
43. Author’s interview with Lizzie Mae Tomlinson Scott.
44. Interview by Lisa Kaselak with Pinkie Taylor Price, April 17, 2011.
45. Barr, Black Texans, 157–59.
46. Author’s interview with Charles Tomlinson.
47. Author’s interview with Lizzie Mae Tomlinson Scott.
48. Author’s interview with Charles Tomlinson.
49. Author’s interview with Lizzie Mae Tomlinson Scott.
50. Loreane Tomlinson, with Patti M. Britton and Ginger Kolbaba, LT & Me: What Raising a Champion Taught Me about Life, Faith, and Listening to Your Dream (Carol Stream, IL: Tyndale House, 2009), 35.
51. Author’s interview with Charles Tomlinson.
52. Ibid.
53. Ibid.
54. Ibid.
55. Author’s interview with Lizzie Mae Tomlinson Scott.
56. Ibid.
57. Ibid.
58. Ibid.
59. Author’s interview with Charles Tomlinson.
60. Interview by Lisa Kaselak with Pinkie Taylor Price.
61. Ibid.
62. Ibid.
63. Author’s interview with Frank Wyman.
64. Author’s interview with Lizzie Mae Tomlinson Scott.
65. Ibid.
CHAPTER 16
1. Flippen-Prather advertisement, Dallas Morning News, September 1, 1940.
2. Highland Park Shopping Village, designated a National Historic Landmark, February 16, 2000, at http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=1048910856&ResourceType=Building (accessed August 17, 2012).
3. Ibid.
4. See www.nps.gov/nhl/designation/samples/tx/highland.pdf (accessed August 17, 2012).
5. W. S. Adair, “Emil Fretz Tells of Early Dallas,” Dallas Morning News, November 13, 1924.
Tomlinson Hill Page 41