Carl Aschan, ‘Reminiscences of the Second World War 1926–1945’ (translated from Swedish text), unpublished, 12 Dec. 1995, pp. 13–14; author’s collection [RETURN TO CH 6]
C. Aschan to author, 17 Apr. 1996 [RETURN TO CH 6]
See I. Kershaw, Nemesis, pp. 303–4 [RETURN TO CH 6]
24 July 1940; E. Fröhlich, Band 1, Teil 4, p. 250 [RETURN TO CH 6]
Köcher to Auswärtiges Amt, 18 July 1940; F & CO B15 B002566 [RETURN TO CH 6]
22 July 1940; E. Fröhlich, Band 1, Teil 4, p. 250 [RETURN TO CH 6]
Ibid., p. 242 [RETURN TO CH 6]
Ilse to K. Hess, 20 Oct., 3 Nov. 1937; TNA FO 371/26566 [RETURN TO CH 6]
E. Bohle evidence, 26 Sept. 1945, pp. 10–11; IWM FO 645 box 155 [RETURN TO CH 6]
See P. Ziegler, p. 421 [RETURN TO CH 6]
A.W. Weddell to Sec. of State: Foreign Relations of the United States 1940, vol. III, 1939/4357, p. 41; cited ibid. [RETURN TO CH 6]
Stohrer to Ribbentrop, 2 July 1940, No. 2088; F & CO, B15 B002538 [RETURN TO CH 6]
S. Hoare wire No. 437, 27 Jan. 1940; cited M. Gilbert, p. 613 [RETURN TO CH 6]
W.S.C. minute of 28 June 1940; Churchill Papers, 20/9; cited ibid. [RETURN TO CH 6]
See ibid., pp. 699–701; and P. Ziegler, pp. 426–8 [RETURN TO CH 6]
See Stohrer to Ribbentrop, 9 July 1940; F & CO B15 B002545 [RETURN TO CH 6]
Ribbentrop to Stohrer, 11 July 1940, wire No. 1023; ibid., B002549 [RETURN TO CH 6]
Stohrer to Ribbentrop, 23, 25 July 1940, wires Nos 2474, 2495; ibid., B002582, B002588 [RETURN TO CH 6]
Huene (German Ambassador in Lisbon) to Ribbentrop, 2 Aug. 1940, wire No. 800; ibid., B002632-3 [RETURN TO CH 6]
1 Aug. 1940; E. Fröhlich, Band 1, Teil 4, p. 260 [RETURN TO CH 6]
Chapter 7: Clandestine approaches
Cited M. Gilbert, Finest Hour, pp. 694–5; and see TNA FO 371 26542, C4216/324/18, ff. 106 f [RETURN TO CH 7]
‘Aufnahme inoffizieller Friedensverhandlungen mit England’ (almost certainly written by Dr Weissauer), p. 1, in SS-Brigadeführer Jung to Gesandten Luther, Auswärtigen Amt, 23 Oct. 1940; Politischen Archiv des Auswärtigen Amtes, Berlin, Inl. Hg Bd. 476 [RETURN TO CH 7]
See G. Gellermann, pp. 19 ff [RETURN TO CH 7]
V. Mallet to Foreign Office, No. 1011, 5 Sept. 1940; TNA FO 371 24408, C/1973 [RETURN TO CH 7]
‘Aufnahme inoffizieller Friedensverhandlungen …’, op. cit. ref. 2 above, pp. 2–3 [RETURN TO CH 7]
Foreign Office to Mr Mallet, No. 726, 6 Sept. 1940; TNA FO 371 24408, C/1973 [RETURN TO CH 7]
R. Vansittart to Foreign Secretary, 6 Sept. 1940; ibid. [RETURN TO CH 7]
V. Mallet to A. Cadogan, 7 Sept. 1940; ibid. [RETURN TO CH 7]
See R. Giordano, pp. 226 ff. This quotation from Denkschrift, Gesellschaft für europäische Wirtschaftsplanung und Grossraumwirtschafts, 31 May 1940, p. 227 [RETURN TO CH 7]
V. Mallet to A. Cadogan, 7 Sept. 1940; op. cit. ref. 8 above [RETURN TO CH 7]
Foreign Office (draft signed ‘A.C.’) to V. Mallet, 11 Sept. 1940; ibid. [RETURN TO CH 7]
Simon interview transcript, 9 June 1941, Copy No. 2; Simon Papers, Bodleian Library, Oxford, Box 88, f. 76 [RETURN TO CH 7]
Ibid., f. 78 [RETURN TO CH 7]
See R.C. Nesbit and G. v. Acker, pp. 35–8 [RETURN TO CH 7]
Ingeborg Sperr sworn statement, Nuremberg, 5 Mar. 1946; IWM FO 645/31 [RETURN TO CH 7]
Hildegard Fath sworn statement, Nuremberg, 5 Mar. 1946; ibid. [RETURN TO CH 7]
Dr F.S. to Georges van Acker, 10 July 1993; cited R.C. Nesbit and G. v. Acker, p. 44 [RETURN TO CH 7]
Ibid. [RETURN TO CH 7]
Albrecht to Karl Haushofer, 2 Aug. 1940; H.-A. Jacobsen, p. 402 [RETURN TO CH 7]
Karl to Albrecht Haushofer, 3 Sept. 1940; F & CO, C109 C002185 [RETURN TO CH 7]
Ibid. [RETURN TO CH 7]
Martha Haushofer’s diary, 14 Aug. 1925, ‘Die Bekanntschaft mit der Familie R. datierte aus der Vorkriegszeit’; H.-A. Jacobsen, p. 453 note [RETURN TO CH 7]
‘Gibt es möglichkeiten eines deutsch–englischen Friedens’, Albrecht to Karl Haushofer, Berlin, 15 Sept. 1940; F & CO C109 C002193 [RETURN TO CH 7]
R. Hess to K. Haushofer, 10 Sept. 1940; ibid. C002188 [RETURN TO CH 7]
Albrecht Haushofer to R. Hess, 19 Sept. 1940; ibid. C002198 [RETURN TO CH 7]
Albrecht Haushofer to R. Hess, 23 Sept. 1940; ibid. C002203 [RETURN TO CH 7]
10 Sept. 1940; E. Fröhlich, Teil 1, Band 4, p. 316 [RETURN TO CH 7]
H. Nicolson, p. 114 [RETURN TO CH 7]
Lord Simon interview transcript; op. cit., ref. 12 above, f. 79; Hess said the same to the psychologist, J.R. Rees on 12 May 1941; see http://propaganda3.tripod.com/nur01.html [RETURN TO CH 7]
15 Oct. 1940; E. Fröhlich, Teil 1, Band 4, p. 365 [RETURN TO CH 7]
26 Nov. 1940; ibid., p. 411 [RETURN TO CH 7]
Robert Kempner testimony; see http://propaganda3.tripod.com/nur01.html; and E. Bohle’s interrogation, 26 Sept. 1945; IWM FO 645, Box 155 [RETURN TO CH 7]
4 Nov. 1940; cited I. Hess, Schicksal, p. 81 [RETURN TO CH 7]
TNA INF 1/192 150028 [RETURN TO CH 7]
Ibid. [RETURN TO CH 7]
Ibid. [RETURN TO CH 7]
13 May 1941; N. West, p. 147 [RETURN TO CH 7]
Operations Record Book (ORB) RAF Turnhouse, Appendix; TNA AIR 28/864 [RETURN TO CH 7]
Room 055 (MI5) to H. Hopkinson, 22 Nov. 1940; cited J. Douglas-Hamilton, The Truth, p. 128 [RETURN TO CH 7]
Cited ibid., p. 129 [RETURN TO CH 7]
Cited U. Laack-Michel, p. 229 [RETURN TO CH 7]
Lord Simon interview transcript, 9 June 1941; IWM FO 645/31, p. 150. In another copy of the transcript Hess gives the date as 7 Jan. 1941, and three pages later as 10 May 1941; Simon interview transcript, Copy No. 2; op. cit., ref. 12 above, pp. 60, 63. Are the differences due to transcription errors or deliberate amendments? [RETURN TO CH 7]
J. Leasor, pp. 69 ff [RETURN TO CH 7]
E. Bohle to Robert Kempner at Nuremberg Trials of the Major War Criminals; http://propaganda3.tripod.com/nur01.html [RETURN TO CH 7]
R. Nesbit and G. v. Acker, pp. 38–9 [RETURN TO CH 7]
The Times, London, 10 Jan. 1941, p. 4 [RETURN TO CH 7]
R. Nesbit and G. v. Acker, p. 42 [RETURN TO CH 7]
See ref. 42 above [RETURN TO CH 7]
‘The Secret Dossier Prepared for Stalin’, see H. Eberle and M. Uhl; and K.-H. Pintsch’s statement; see J. Friedmann and K. Wiegrefe [RETURN TO CH 7]
J. Friedmann and K. Wiegrefe [RETURN TO CH 7]
11 Jan. 1941; TNA KV 2/1684, ff. 3–5 [RETURN TO CH 7]
11 Jan. 1941; N. West, p. 123 [RETURN TO CH 7]
Maj. Robertson internal note, 20 Jan. 1941; TNA KV 2/1684, f. 5 [RETURN TO CH 7]
See J. Douglas-Hamilton, Motive, pp. 159 ff [RETURN TO CH 7]
Internal note re. Mrs Roberts’ address, 29 Nov. 1940; TNA KV 2/1684, f. 7A; letter to Regional Security Officer, Cambridge, 23 Mar. 1941; ibid. f. 19A; J.H. Marriott to Major Robertson, 24 Mar. 1941; ibid., f. 37A; Capt. C.M. Hughes to J.H. Marriott, 14 May 1941; ibid. f. 54A [RETURN TO CH 7]
C. Andrew, p. 222 [RETURN TO CH 7]
‘Communication with Blenheim Palace is frightful. At the moment there are only two lines and one of them is not working. Whenever you ring up you are told that your name will be put on the waiting list …’; Guy Liddell’s diary, 7 Oct. 1940; N. West, p. 101 [RETURN TO CH 7]
ibid., pp. 146–7 [RETURN TO CH 7]
Anonymous MI6 officer to Alfred Smith; A. Smith, p. 309 [RETURN TO CH 7]
C. Andrew, p. 203; and see K. Jeffery, p. 306 [RETURN TO CH 7]
H. Höhne, p. 361 [RETURN TO CH 7]
G. Kiesel states that one channel led through the Vatican, another through Sir Samuel Hoare in Madrid. He also conveyed information via the wife of the former Polish Military Attaché in Berlin, for whom he had secured safe passage to Switzerland in summer or autumn 1940; G. Kiesel, pp. 5 ff; about which, see K. Jeffery, pp. 380–1; and see M. Mueller, p. 171 [RETURN TO CH 7]
Interrogation of TRICYCLE, 30 Apr. 1941; TNA KV 2/847, p. 5 [RETURN TO CH 7]
D. Popov, pp. 44–5 [RETURN TO CH 7]
Ibid., p. 53 [RETURN TO CH 7]
C. Andrew, pp. 211–2, 248; J.C. Masterman, p. 40 [RETURN TO CH 7]
D. Popov, p. 62 [RETURN TO CH 7]
Ibid., pp. 69–70 [RETURN TO CH 7]
Michael Smith, ‘Mrs Foley’s diary solves the mystery of Hess’; The Daily Telegraph, 27 Dec. 2004, p. 14 [RETURN TO CH 7]
J. Maude to T.A. Robertson, 11 Jan. 1941; TNA KV 2/1684 ff. 3–5; see p. 106 above [RETURN TO CH 7]
See Michael Smith; op. cit., ref. 69 above [RETURN TO CH 7]
See P. Padfield, Hess, p. 156 [RETURN TO CH 7]
‘C’ to H. Hopkinson, 19 Feb. 1941; TNA FO 371/26542, C1687 (released Nov. 2007) [RETURN TO CH 7]
Bickham Sweet-Escott to Elizabeth Sparrow, 4 Aug. 1981; cited E. Sparrow, p. xiv [RETURN TO CH 7]
See J. Harris and M.J. Trow, pp. 6, 101, 123, 137–9 [RETURN TO CH 7]
Ibid., p. 139 [RETURN TO CH 7]
Internal note, 29 Nov. 1940; TNA KV 2/1684 Doc. 19A [RETURN TO CH 7]
Minute sheet, 23 Mar. 1941; ibid., f. 6; and Capt. C.M. Hughes to J.H. Marriott, 14 May 1941; TNA KV 2/1685, Doc. 54A [RETURN TO CH 7]
Capt. C.M. Hughes to J.H. Marriott; ibid. [RETURN TO CH 7]
Ibid. [RETURN TO CH 7]
Ibid. [RETURN TO CH 7]
Ernst Haiger (Albrecht Haushofer biographer) to author, 11 Feb. 2011 [RETURN TO CH 7]
Ibid. [RETURN TO CH 7]
John Maude to Maj. T.A. Robertson, 11 Jan. 1941; KV 2/1684, Doc. 29, ff. 3–4; and Guy Liddell’s diary, 11 Jan. 1941; N. West, p. 123 [RETURN TO CH 7]
Col. T.A. Robertson to J. Douglas Hamilton; cited J. Douglas-Hamilton, The Truth, p. 132; and Col. T.A. Robertson to author, 3 July 1992 [RETURN TO CH 7]
J. Douglas-Hamilton, The Truth, p. 129 [RETURN TO CH 7]
L. Picknett, C. Prince and S. Prior, p. 156 [RETURN TO CH 7]
For Hamilton’s periods of leave see ORB RAF Turnhouse; TNA AIR 28/863 [RETURN TO CH 7]
Statement of Wing Cdr, the Duke of Hamilton, Provost Marshal’s Dept., Air Ministry, 11 Mar. 1941; TNA KV 2/1684, Doc. 35a [RETURN TO CH 7]
13 May 1941; N. West, p. 147 [RETURN TO CH 7]
J. Douglas-Hamilton, The Truth, p. 129; J. Leasor, p. 59 [RETURN TO CH 7]
J. Leasor, p. 59 [RETURN TO CH 7]
J.H. Marriott to Maj. Robertson, 24 Mar. 1941; TNA KV 2/1684, Doc. 37A [RETURN TO CH 7]
T.A. Robertson to Group Capt. G.S. Stammers, 25 Mar. 1941; ibid., Doc. 38A [RETURN TO CH 7]
T.A. Robertson to Air Commodore Boyle, 7 Apr. 1941; ibid., Doc. 41A [RETURN TO CH 7]
Air Commodore Boyle to Maj. T.A. Robertson, 9 Apr. 1941; ibid., Doc. 42A [RETURN TO CH 7]
Internal note signed T.A.R., 29 Apr. 1941; ibid., Doc. 45A [RETURN TO CH 7]
Duke of Hamilton’s Flying Log, 24–26 Apr. 1941; photocopy sent to author by Lord James Douglas-Hamilton, 28 Dec. 1991 [RETURN TO CH 7]
J. Douglas-Hamilton, The Truth, p. 130 [RETURN TO CH 7]
Wing Cdr the Duke of Hamilton to Group Capt. D.L. Blackford, 28 Apr. 1941; cited ibid., pp. 130–1 [RETURN TO CH 7]
Group Capt. D.L. Blackford to Wing Cdr the Duke of Hamilton, 3 May 1941; TNA KV 2/1685, Doc. 65A [RETURN TO CH 7]
T.A. Robertson to Group Capt. W. (sic) Blackford, 6 May 1941; ibid., Doc. 49A [RETURN TO CH 7]
Internal note to Major Robertson, 11 May 1941; ibid., Doc. 50; confirmed in note by the Security Service, ‘Albrecht Haushofer’, unsigned, undated; ibid., Doc. 57A [RETURN TO CH 7]
J. Douglas-Hamilton, The Truth, p. 132 [RETURN TO CH 7]
See C. Andrew, p. 255 [RETURN TO CH 7]
Wing Cdr the Duke of Hamilton to Group Capt. D.L. Blackford, 10 May 1941; cited J. Douglas-Hamilton, The Truth, p. 133 [RETURN TO CH 7]
Chapter 8: Deception operations
Air Vice Marshal Sir Arthur Harris to Air Marshal Sir W.S. Douglas, 21 Feb. 1941; TNA AIR 16/619; A. Crawley, pp. 160 ff [RETURN TO CH 8]
ORB RAF Lympne; TNA AIR 28/509 [RETURN TO CH 8]
TNA AIR 16/619 [RETURN TO CH 8]
Air Vice Marshall Sir Arthur Harris to Air Marshal Sir W.S. Douglas, 17 Mar. 1941; ibid. [RETURN TO CH 8]
Group Capt. Sanders to Air Vice Marshal Evill, 17 May 1941; ibid. [RETURN TO CH 8]
R. Schmitt, p. 162 [RETURN TO CH 8]
See obituary Hans Baur; The Times, 17 Mar. 1993; and R. Schmidt, p. 161; Dr Wilhelm Höttl to author, 20 Feb. 1940 [RETURN TO CH 8]
See D. Irving, Hess, p. 61 [RETURN TO CH 8]
22 Dec. 1940; E. Fröhlich, Teil 1, Band 3, p. 442 [RETURN TO CH 8]
See I. Kershaw, Nemesis, pp. 335–6 [RETURN TO CH 8]
Haberlein to Auswärtiges Amt, 19 Aug. 1940, No. 2825; F & CO B15 B002661 [RETURN TO CH 8]
Huene, Lisbon to Auswärtiges Amt, 29 Aug. 1940, No. 971; F & CO, 3084 613477 [RETURN TO CH 8]
K. de Courcy saw Buccleuch at White’s Club intermittently throughout the war; K. de Courcy to author Jan. 8 1990; and see, for instance, Buccleuch to Lord Brocket, 16 Feb. 1941, ‘I am at 2 Gros Pl [Grosvenor Place] Slo 6612 till fr morning’; TNA KV 2/2839, f. 178; and see visitors’ book, Drumlanrig Castle (Buccleuchs’ main residence) for 1941 [RETURN TO CH 8]
Stohrer, Madrid, to Auswärtiges Amt, 2 Sept. 1940, No. 2979; F & CO B15 002687 [RETURN TO CH 8]
Huene, Lisbon, to Auswärtiges Amt, 10 Sept. 1940, No. 1049; ibid. D 613498-500 [RETURN TO CH 8]
Huene to Auswärtiges Amt, 17 Sept. 1940, No. 1907; ibid. D613511 [RETURN TO CH 8]
2 Sept. 1940; cited J. Colville, p. 239 [RETURN TO CH 8]
17 Sept. 1940; H. Nicolson, p. 114 [RETURN TO CH 8]
Thomsen, Washington, to Auswärtiges Amt, 30 Sept. 1940, No. 2093; F & CO B15 002794-5 [RETURN TO CH 8]
Huene, Lisbon, to Auswärtiges Amt, 19 Sept. 1940, No. 1181; ibid. D613522 [RETURN TO CH 8]
K. Jeffery, p. 113 [RETURN TO CH 8]
‘Both my predecessors made it clear that in their view Wiseman should never be employed again by this organisation. They had their reasons’, Menzies to Gladwyn Jebb, 21 June 1940, cited K. Jeffery, p. 440 [RETURN TO CH 8]
See J. Costello, pp. 400 ff [RETURN TO CH 8]
H. Hoover to Berle, 30 Nov. 1940, ‘Meeting in Mark Hopkins Hotel 7.30–1.0 pm, 27.11.1940’; Nat. Archives, Washington RG 59 741.6211/11-2940; cited R.E. Schmidt, p. 143; and see J. Costello, p. 402 [RETURN TO CH 8]
Ibid. [RETURN TO CH 8]
Hohenlohe to W. Hewel, ‘Betr: Britische Gesandschaft, Mr Kelly’, 6 Dec. 1940; F & CO 371047 [RETURN TO CH 8]
TNA FO 371 26542, C610/324/18, C1705/324/18 [RETURN TO CH 8]
13 Feb. 1941; ibid., C1426/324/18 [RETURN TO CH 8]
17 Jan. 1941; ibid. [RETURN TO CH 8]
11 Jan. 1941; ibid., C324/324/18, C610/324/18 [RETURN TO CH 8]
28 Jan. 1941; ibid., C610/324/18 [RETURN TO CH 8]
See D. Day, pp. 35–6 [RETURN TO CH 8]
20 Jan. 1941; TNA FO 371 26542, C610/324/18 [RETURN TO CH 8]
Ibid. [RETURN TO CH 8]
Huene (Lisbon) to Auswärtiges Amt, 23 Jan. 1941, No. 934/41; F & CO D613659-67 [RETURN TO CH 8]
Ibid., D613667 [RETURN TO CH 8]
See Ian Kershaw, Making Friends with Hitler: Lord Londonderry and Britain’s Road to War, Allen Lane, 2004 [RETU
RN TO CH 8]
See p. 204 f above [RETURN TO CH 8]
Cited by Bryans in ‘L’AFFAIRE CHARLES’, p. 2; TNA KV 2/2839, f. 92 [RETURN TO CH 8]
Cited by Bryans in ibid., f. 91 [RETURN TO CH 8]
Ibid. [RETURN TO CH 8]
Bryans to Direktor, Schwarzhaupter Verlag, 8 Oct. 1940; TNA FO 371/26542, C1072/324/18 [RETURN TO CH 8]
See interrogation of O.E. Anderson, 17 Dec. 1940, p. 36; TNA KV 2/2839, f. 231; and report on Bryans by E.B. Stamp, MI5, 28 Aug. 1941, reverse of p. 1 in ibid., f. 103 [RETURN TO CH 8]
Further interrogation of James Lonsdale Bryans, 4 June 1941, p. 8; ibid., f. 132; also Bryans, ‘L’AFFAIRE CHARLES’, ibid. p. 2, f. 92 [RETURN TO CH 8]
U. v. Hassell, Tagebücher, p. 227 [RETURN TO CH 8]
Ibid., p. 228 [RETURN TO CH 8]
Ibid., pp. 228–9 [RETURN TO CH 8]
Bryans to Buccleuch, 22 Feb. 1941 (cable); TNA FO 371/26542, C1954/324/18 [RETURN TO CH 8]
Brig. O.A. Harker (Acting D.G. MI5) to Cadogan, 22 Feb. 1941; ibid.; and Buccleuch to Brocket, 16 Feb. 1941; TNA KV 2/2839, f. 177 [RETURN TO CH 8]
Cadogan minute, 3 Feb. 1941; TNA FO 371/26542, C1072/324/18 [RETURN TO CH 8]
Report on Bryans by E.B. Stamp (MI5), 28 Aug. 1941, reverse p. 1; TNA KV 2/2839, f. 103 [RETURN TO CH 8]
Interrogation O.A. Anderson, 17 Dec. 1940, pp. 10, 13, 41 ff; ibid., ff. 205, 209, 226 ff [RETURN TO CH 8]
Ibid., f. 214 [RETURN TO CH 8]
See p. 127 above [RETURN TO CH 8]
Interrogation of O.A. Anderson, 17 Dec. 1940; TNA KV 2/2839, f. 228; and see resumé of above interrogation, 24 Jan. 1941, p. 2; ibid., f. 189 [RETURN TO CH 8]
See E.B. Stamp (MI5) to MI6, 14 Mar. 1941, p. 2; ibid., f. 167; and Cadogan to Brig. O.A. Harker (acting D.G. MI5), 7 Apr. 1941; ibid., f. 150 [RETURN TO CH 8]
See MI6 to D.G. White (MI5), 3 May 1941; ibid., f. 149 [RETURN TO CH 8]
See ibid. [RETURN TO CH 8]
See p. 111 above [RETURN TO CH 8]
See p. 124–5 above [RETURN TO CH 8]
See p. 125 above [RETURN TO CH 8]
See p. 125–6 above [RETURN TO CH 8]
See J. Harris, Illusion, p. 185 [RETURN TO CH 8]
U. v. Hassell, Tagebuücher, p. 228 [RETURN TO CH 8]
Ibid. [RETURN TO CH 8]
Hess, Hitler and Churchill Page 44