The Heathen School

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The Heathen School Page 45

by John Demos


  Removal Act (1830)

  Report on Indian Affairs (Morse)

  Revolutionary War, 1.1, 3.1, 5.1, 5.2

  American Indians in, 5.1, 7.1

  Rhode Island, 2.1, 4.1

  Ridge, Aeneas

  Ridge, Andrew

  Ridge, Clarinda, col3.1, 8.1

  Ridge, Flora

  Ridge, Gallegina “Buck,” see Boudinot, Elias

  Ridge, Herman Daggett, col3.1, 8.1

  Ridge, John, 4.1, col2.1, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 6.5, 6.6, col3.1, col3.2, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4, 8.5, 8.6, epl.1

  advocacy and chartering of Cherokee removal by, prl.1, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4, 8.5, epl.1, epl.2, nts.1n

  assassination of, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4, 8.5, 8.6

  Cherokees’ anger and resentment of, 8.1, 8.2, epl.1

  childhood of, 6.1, epl.1

  denunciation of racial prejudice published by, 6.1, 6.2

  descendants of, epl.1, epl.2

  dignified, intelligent manner of, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, epl.1

  as diplomat and political leader, 6.1, col3.1, 7.1, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4, 8.5, 8.6, 8.7, 8.8, 8.9, 8.10, epl.1

  domestic life of, in Cherokee Nation, col3.1, col3.2, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3

  education of, 6.1, 6.2, epl.1

  family background of

  farmland and business holdings of, col3.1, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4, 8.5, 8.6, epl.1

  gravesite of

  health issues and hip ailment of, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 6.5, col3.1, 8.1, 8.2, nts.1n

  intermarriage scandal of, see Ridge-Northrup intermarriage scandal

  national “seminary” project and

  physical appearance of, 6.1, col3.1

  portrait of, col3.1, 8.1, nts.1n

  public denunciation and death threats faced by, 6.1, 6.2, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4

  public speaking of, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, epl.1

  Running Waters home of, col3.1, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, nts.1n

  slaves owned by, 6.1, col3.1, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, epl.1

  in treaty negotiations with U.S. government, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4

  Western Cherokee resettlement of, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4, epl.1

  Ridge, John Rollin, col3.1, col3.2, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3

  Ridge, Major, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 6.5, 6.6, col3.1, 8.1, 8.2, epl.1

  advocacy and chartering of Cherokee removal by, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4

  assassination of, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3

  business ventures of, col3.1, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3

  Cherokees’ anger at and resentment of, 8.1, 8.2

  farmland of, 6.1, col3.1, col3.2, 8.1

  homes of, 6.1, col3.1, col3.2, col3.3, 8.1

  in relocation to Cherokee Nation West

  slaves owned by, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, col3.1, 8.1, 8.2, epl.1

  in treaty negotiations with U.S. government, 6.1, 6.2, 8.1

  Ridge, Sarah Northrup, see Northrup, Sarah Bird

  Ridge, Susan, col3.1

  Ridge, Susanna Wickett (Sehoya), 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4

  Ridge-Northrup intermarriage scandal, 4.1, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 6.5, 6.6, 6.7, 6.8, 6.9, 6.10, 7.1, 8.1, 8.2, epl.1, epl.2

  anti-mission sentiment triggered by, 6.1, 6.2

  couple’s courtship in, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4

  family reactions in, 6.1, 6.2

  FMS governing board’s response to, 6.1, 6.2

  initial secrecy in, 6.1, 6.2

  public outrage in, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 6.5, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3

  romantic poetry inspired by, 6.1, 6.2, nts.1n

  wedding in, 6.1, 6.2, nts.1n

  white support and defenders in, 6.1, 6.2

  see also interracial marriage scandals

  Ridge’s Ferry

  Roberts, Bennett

  Rolfe, John, 5.1, 5.2

  Romanticism, 5.1, 6.1, 6.2

  Rome, Ga.

  Ross, John, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4

  Rowan, James

  Ruggles, Samuel, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4

  Rumsey Hall

  Running Waters (Ridge home), col3.1, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, nts.1n

  Rush, Benjamin

  Rush family, n

  Safford, Ward, 2.1, 2.2

  Salem, Mass., 1.1, 6.1, 8.1

  same-sex marriage

  Sams, Mary, n

  Sanders, John

  Sandwich, George Nahemah-hama, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4

  Sandwich Islands, see Hawaii, Hawaiian islands

  Schaticoke Indians

  Schermerhorn, John, 8.1, 8.2

  Second Great Awakening, 3.1, 7.1, 7.2, 8.1

  Sedgwick, John

  Seminole Indians, 5.1, 7.1

  Seminole War

  Senate, U.S., 8.1, 8.2, 8.3

  Seneca Indians, 4.1, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 7.1

  Seven Years’ War

  Shawnee Indians

  sign language

  Sigourney, Lydia

  Sioux Indians, 7.1, 7.2

  slavery, slaves, 2.1, 2.2, 4.1, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 6.1, 8.1, 8.2

  abolition movement and, 5.1, 5.2, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3

  American Indian ownership of, 4.1, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, col3.1, col3.2, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4, epl.1, epl.2

  American Indians as

  rebellions of

  Smith, Walter, 6.1, 6.2

  Smithsonian Institution, 8.1, nts.1n

  Smolinski, Reiner, n

  Son of the Forest, A (Apess)

  South America, 1.1, 2.1, 8.1, 8.2

  South Carolina, 3.1, 4.1, 6.1

  Spain, 1.1, 2.1

  Spring Place (mission school), 4.1, 4.2, 6.1, 6.2

  Stockbridge Indians, 4.1, 4.2, 7.1, 8.1

  Stone, Cherry, 6.1, nts.1n

  Stone, Mary, 4.1, 6.1, 8.1

  Stone, Pierce

  Stone, Timothy, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, col2.1, 6.1, 8.1, nts.1n

  intermarriage scandals and, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 8.1

  Stone family, 6.1, 6.2

  Supreme Court, U.S., 4.1, col3.1, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3

  Swift, Erastus

  Swift, Philo

  Switzerland, 4.1, 4.2, nts.1n

  Tamoree, George “Prince,” 2.1, 2.2, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 6.1

  celebrity of

  childhood and background of, 2.1, 2.2

  death of

  education of, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3

  Hawaiian homecoming of, 4.1, 8.1

  ill-advised rebellion led by, 8.1, nts.1n

  late career and “fall” of

  poor behavior and “self-important” manner of, 2.1, 4.1, 4.2

  published letter of

  royal ties of, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 4.1, 4.2, 8.1

  U.S. naval service of

  see also Humehume

  Tamoree, King (of Atoi), 2.1, 4.1, 4.2, 8.1

  disowning of previous religious practices by, 4.1, 4.2

  son’s homecoming and, 4.1, 8.1

  Taylor, Eunice Wadsworth, n

  Tennessee, 6.1, 6.2, col3.1, 8.1, 8.2

  Tennooe, William, 2.1, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4

  background of, 2.1, 2.2

  biographical “manuscript account” written by

  defection from mission of, 4.1, 8.1, 8.2, nts.1n

  education of, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3

  Testimony and Advice of an Assembly of Pastors, The

  Thrall, Cynthia, 6.1, nts.1n

  Thurston, Asa, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 8.1

  Timor (Indonesia)

  Todorov, Tzvetan

  Torringford, Conn., 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5

  Trail of Tears, prl.1, col3.1, 8.1

  Treadwell, John, 2.1, 4.1, 4.2

  Treaty of Fort Stanwix (1768)

  Treaty of Greenville (1795)

  Treaty of New Echota (1835)

  Treaty Party, 8.1, 8.2, epl.1

  Triumph (trade ship), 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, epl.1

  Tucker, Uriah

  Turkey, prl.1, 3.1, 6.1

  Turkey Town (Ridge farm)

  Turner, Nat

  Tuscarora Indians, 7.1, nts.1n

  Tuscarora Iroquois, 4.1, 7.1

  Tyler, Rev.

  typhus, 4.1, 4.2, 7.1
<
br />   Union army

  Unitarians

  United States

  acquisition of Indian land by, 5.1, 6.1, col3.1, col3.2, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 8.1, 8.2

  “American exceptionalism” in, prl.1, 1.1, 3.1, 3.2, epl.1

  anti-Indian prejudice in, 5.1, 5.2, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 6.5, 8.1, epl.1, epl.2

  China Trade of

  Christian millennialism in

  Civil War in, col2.1, 8.1, 8.2

  Indian “civilization policy” of, 4.1, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 6.1, 6.2, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3

  Indian displacement and removal in, prl.1, 6.1, 6.2, col3.1, col3.2, col3.3, col3.4, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4, 8.5, epl.1, epl.2, nts.1n

  Indian treaty negotiations with, 6.1, 6.2, col3.1, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4, 8.5, 8.6

  “Indian wars” in, 5.1, 5.2, 6.1, 6.2, 7.1, 8.1

  interracial marriage and racial amalgamation as advocated in early years of, 5.1, 5.2, 6.1, 6.2

  laws banning interracial marriage in

  Obookiah’s journey to, 2.1, 2.2

  pro-Indian sympathies in, 5.1, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 7.1, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4

  Second Great Awakening in, 3.1, 7.1, 7.2, 8.1

  in War of 1812, 2.1, 2.2, 4.1, 5.1, 5.2, 6.1

  see also American colonies

  Vaill, Flora Gold, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3

  Vaill, Herman, 2.1, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 6.5, 6.6

  Vann, John

  Vermont, 4.1, 6.1, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3

  Virginia, 4.1, 4.2, 5.1, 5.2, 6.1, 7.1, 8.1, 8.2

  House of Delegates in

  Wampanoag Indians

  War of 1812, 2.1, 2.2, 4.1

  American Indians in, 5.1, 5.2, 6.1

  Washington, D.C., 4.1, 6.1, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4

  Indian-U.S. government treaty negotiations in, 6.1, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3

  Washington, George, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 6.1, 6.2

  Watie, Stand

  West Cornwall, Conn., col2.1, col2.2

  Western Cherokees

  Western Recorder (Kentucky)

  West Indies, 4.1, 5.1

  West Point military academy

  Whitefield, George

  Wickett, Susannah

  Williams, Colonel, n

  Williams, Eleazer

  Williams, Eunice, 2.1, 5.1

  Williams College, 2.1, 3.1

  Windall, John, 4.1, 4.2

  Winthrop, John

  Wisconsin Territory

  Wix, Zephaniah

  women

  American Indian, 5.1, 8.1, 8.2

  of Hawaii

  as supporters of missionary work, 2.1, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.5, 4.6, 6.1, 6.2

  Worcester, Samuel, col3.1, col3.2, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4

  Boudinot assassination witnessed by

  Worcester v. Georgia, col3.1, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3

  Yale College, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 3.1, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 5.1, 6.1, 8.1

  Obookiah at, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5, 2.6, 4.1

  Yelping Hill Association

  Zealand, Thomas, 4.1, 6.1

  A Note About the Author

  John Demos is the Samuel Knight Professor Emeritus of History at Yale University. His previous books include The Unredeemed Captive, which won the Francis Parkman Prize and was a finalist for the National Book Award, and Entertaining Satan, which won the Bancroft Prize. He lives in Tyringham, Massachusetts.

  Other titles by John Demos available in eBook format

  The Unredeemed Captive • 978-0-307-79069-9

  For more information, please visit www.aaknopf.com

  John Ridge (ca. 1802–39), a student at the Foreign Mission School (1818–22), became after his return home a leader of the Cherokee Nation—and eventually of the so-called Treaty Party favoring emigration. Around 1824 he sat for this portrait by the artist Charles Bird King. (Permission and image from William Reese.)

  These portraits of Elias Boudinot (ca. 1801–39), a student at the Foreign Mission School (1818–22), and his wife, Harriet Ruggles Gold (1805–36), were painted by an unidentified artist, probably in the mid-1820s.

  (Copyright 2012; used by permission of James Boudinot.)

  This beach, photographed as it appears today, was in the late eighteenth century the site of the village of Ninole, where Henry Obookiah was born and lived during his early childhood.

  (Diego Delso, Wikimedia Commons, License CC-BY-SA 3.0)

  This image, from a print made in the 1770s, depicts a traditional Hawaiian shrine of the sort at which Henry Obookiah spent his later childhood years, apprenticed to a kahuna (native priest).

  Another eighteenth-century print shows a group of Hawaiian priests in a longboat approaching the shore of Kealakekua Bay, where the young Obookiah lived and worked between (approximately) 1797 and 1807.

  In 2010 the Cornwall Historical Society mounted an exhibition on the Foreign Mission School. It included this scale model of its “Academy building.” (Image courtesy of the Cornwall Historical Society, Cornwall, CT.)

  This house, as it appears today, was the residence of the Foreign Mission School steward John Northrup and his family. It was here that John Ridge was cared for during a long illness, in the course of which he and Sarah Northrup fell in love. (Image and permission from Alec C. Frost.)

  This house was the home of Col. Benjamin Gold and family during the time when his daughter Harriet formed her “attachment” to Elias Boudinot. (Image and permission from Alec C. Frost.)

  This was one of the many images of Henry Obookiah that appeared in books about the Foreign Mission School; it also was used in circulars for fund-raising purposes. (Image courtesy of the Cornwall Historical Society, Cornwall, CT.)

  Following his death in February 1818, Obookiah was buried in the main Cornwall cemetery; his gravestone was one of the largest and most elaborate placed there. Visitors from Hawaii have been traveling to see it, and to pay their respects, for at least a century. (Image courtesy of the Cornwall Historical Society, Cornwall, CT.)

  The 1993 removal of Obookiah’s remains from Cornwall to Hawaii began with the opening of his grave, as shown here. (Image courtesy of the Cornwall Historical Society, Cornwall, CT.)

  The leaders of the Foreign Mission School would periodically create lists of the “scholars” currently enrolled, complete with names and ethnic affiliations. This example shows the roster as of about two years after the school’s founding.

  (Image courtesy of the Cornwall Historical Society, Cornwall, CT.)

  A carefully managed publicity campaign, just prior to the founding of the Foreign Mission School, included publication of this narrative tracing the lives of several of the young Hawaiians soon to be enrolled there.

  (Image courtesy of the Cornwall Historical Society, Cornwall, CT.)

  Henry Obookiah’s Memoirs, ghostwritten by his friend and mentor Edwin Dwight, became an extraordinary publishing success; nearly a dozen editions appeared over several decades following his death. (Image from the author.)

  Harriet Ruggles Gold Boudinot was buried in a tiny graveyard on the outskirts of New Echota, Cherokee Nation, following her death in August 1836. (Image courtesy of the New Echota Historic Site, Calhoun, GA.)

  The courthouse, built at the time of founding the Cherokee capital, New Echota (ca. 1815–20), and later destroyed, has been reconstructed for present-day visitors to the site. (Image courtesy of the New Echota Historic Site, Calhoun, GA.)

  Inside the print shop at New Echota (as seen in reconstructed form today), Elias Boudinot edited the Cherokee Phoenix, the first newspaper published by and for Native Americans. (Image courtesy of the New Echota Historic Site, Calhoun, GA.)

  Major Ridge, Cherokee chief and father of John Ridge, was a close associate of Andrew Jackson and other leaders of the United States government. This widely distributed print image was based on a portrait, now lost. (Courtesy of The Chieftains Museum, Rome, GA.)

  Maintained today as a museum (The Chieftains), this house was built and occupied by Major Ridge and his family prior to thei
r removal to Oklahoma.

  (Courtesy of The Chieftains Museum, Rome, GA.)

  This Cherokee council pipe was given by Major Ridge to S. W. Gold, one of his hosts on a visit to Cornwall in November 1821. (Permission from James Gold; image courtesy of the Cornwall Historical Society, Cornwall, CT.)

  ALSO BY JOHN DEMOS

  A Little Commonwealth: Family Life in Plymouth Colony

  Entertaining Satan: Witchcraft and the Culture of Early New England

  Past, Present, and Personal: The Family and the Life Course in American History

  The Unredeemed Captive: A Family Story from Early America

  Circles and Lines: The Shape of Experience in Early America

  The Tried and the True: Native American Women Confronting Colonization

  The Enemy Within: 2,000 Years of Witch-hunting in the Western World

 

 

 


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