by John Demos
Removal Act (1830)
Report on Indian Affairs (Morse)
Revolutionary War, 1.1, 3.1, 5.1, 5.2
American Indians in, 5.1, 7.1
Rhode Island, 2.1, 4.1
Ridge, Aeneas
Ridge, Andrew
Ridge, Clarinda, col3.1, 8.1
Ridge, Flora
Ridge, Gallegina “Buck,” see Boudinot, Elias
Ridge, Herman Daggett, col3.1, 8.1
Ridge, John, 4.1, col2.1, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 6.5, 6.6, col3.1, col3.2, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4, 8.5, 8.6, epl.1
advocacy and chartering of Cherokee removal by, prl.1, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4, 8.5, epl.1, epl.2, nts.1n
assassination of, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4, 8.5, 8.6
Cherokees’ anger and resentment of, 8.1, 8.2, epl.1
childhood of, 6.1, epl.1
denunciation of racial prejudice published by, 6.1, 6.2
descendants of, epl.1, epl.2
dignified, intelligent manner of, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, epl.1
as diplomat and political leader, 6.1, col3.1, 7.1, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4, 8.5, 8.6, 8.7, 8.8, 8.9, 8.10, epl.1
domestic life of, in Cherokee Nation, col3.1, col3.2, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3
education of, 6.1, 6.2, epl.1
family background of
farmland and business holdings of, col3.1, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4, 8.5, 8.6, epl.1
gravesite of
health issues and hip ailment of, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 6.5, col3.1, 8.1, 8.2, nts.1n
intermarriage scandal of, see Ridge-Northrup intermarriage scandal
national “seminary” project and
physical appearance of, 6.1, col3.1
portrait of, col3.1, 8.1, nts.1n
public denunciation and death threats faced by, 6.1, 6.2, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4
public speaking of, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, epl.1
Running Waters home of, col3.1, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, nts.1n
slaves owned by, 6.1, col3.1, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, epl.1
in treaty negotiations with U.S. government, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4
Western Cherokee resettlement of, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4, epl.1
Ridge, John Rollin, col3.1, col3.2, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3
Ridge, Major, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 6.5, 6.6, col3.1, 8.1, 8.2, epl.1
advocacy and chartering of Cherokee removal by, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4
assassination of, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3
business ventures of, col3.1, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3
Cherokees’ anger at and resentment of, 8.1, 8.2
farmland of, 6.1, col3.1, col3.2, 8.1
homes of, 6.1, col3.1, col3.2, col3.3, 8.1
in relocation to Cherokee Nation West
slaves owned by, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, col3.1, 8.1, 8.2, epl.1
in treaty negotiations with U.S. government, 6.1, 6.2, 8.1
Ridge, Sarah Northrup, see Northrup, Sarah Bird
Ridge, Susan, col3.1
Ridge, Susanna Wickett (Sehoya), 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4
Ridge-Northrup intermarriage scandal, 4.1, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 6.5, 6.6, 6.7, 6.8, 6.9, 6.10, 7.1, 8.1, 8.2, epl.1, epl.2
anti-mission sentiment triggered by, 6.1, 6.2
couple’s courtship in, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4
family reactions in, 6.1, 6.2
FMS governing board’s response to, 6.1, 6.2
initial secrecy in, 6.1, 6.2
public outrage in, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 6.5, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3
romantic poetry inspired by, 6.1, 6.2, nts.1n
wedding in, 6.1, 6.2, nts.1n
white support and defenders in, 6.1, 6.2
see also interracial marriage scandals
Ridge’s Ferry
Roberts, Bennett
Rolfe, John, 5.1, 5.2
Romanticism, 5.1, 6.1, 6.2
Rome, Ga.
Ross, John, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4
Rowan, James
Ruggles, Samuel, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4
Rumsey Hall
Running Waters (Ridge home), col3.1, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, nts.1n
Rush, Benjamin
Rush family, n
Safford, Ward, 2.1, 2.2
Salem, Mass., 1.1, 6.1, 8.1
same-sex marriage
Sams, Mary, n
Sanders, John
Sandwich, George Nahemah-hama, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4
Sandwich Islands, see Hawaii, Hawaiian islands
Schaticoke Indians
Schermerhorn, John, 8.1, 8.2
Second Great Awakening, 3.1, 7.1, 7.2, 8.1
Sedgwick, John
Seminole Indians, 5.1, 7.1
Seminole War
Senate, U.S., 8.1, 8.2, 8.3
Seneca Indians, 4.1, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 7.1
Seven Years’ War
Shawnee Indians
sign language
Sigourney, Lydia
Sioux Indians, 7.1, 7.2
slavery, slaves, 2.1, 2.2, 4.1, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 6.1, 8.1, 8.2
abolition movement and, 5.1, 5.2, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3
American Indian ownership of, 4.1, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, col3.1, col3.2, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4, epl.1, epl.2
American Indians as
rebellions of
Smith, Walter, 6.1, 6.2
Smithsonian Institution, 8.1, nts.1n
Smolinski, Reiner, n
Son of the Forest, A (Apess)
South America, 1.1, 2.1, 8.1, 8.2
South Carolina, 3.1, 4.1, 6.1
Spain, 1.1, 2.1
Spring Place (mission school), 4.1, 4.2, 6.1, 6.2
Stockbridge Indians, 4.1, 4.2, 7.1, 8.1
Stone, Cherry, 6.1, nts.1n
Stone, Mary, 4.1, 6.1, 8.1
Stone, Pierce
Stone, Timothy, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, col2.1, 6.1, 8.1, nts.1n
intermarriage scandals and, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 8.1
Stone family, 6.1, 6.2
Supreme Court, U.S., 4.1, col3.1, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3
Swift, Erastus
Swift, Philo
Switzerland, 4.1, 4.2, nts.1n
Tamoree, George “Prince,” 2.1, 2.2, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 6.1
celebrity of
childhood and background of, 2.1, 2.2
death of
education of, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3
Hawaiian homecoming of, 4.1, 8.1
ill-advised rebellion led by, 8.1, nts.1n
late career and “fall” of
poor behavior and “self-important” manner of, 2.1, 4.1, 4.2
published letter of
royal ties of, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 4.1, 4.2, 8.1
U.S. naval service of
see also Humehume
Tamoree, King (of Atoi), 2.1, 4.1, 4.2, 8.1
disowning of previous religious practices by, 4.1, 4.2
son’s homecoming and, 4.1, 8.1
Taylor, Eunice Wadsworth, n
Tennessee, 6.1, 6.2, col3.1, 8.1, 8.2
Tennooe, William, 2.1, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4
background of, 2.1, 2.2
biographical “manuscript account” written by
defection from mission of, 4.1, 8.1, 8.2, nts.1n
education of, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3
Testimony and Advice of an Assembly of Pastors, The
Thrall, Cynthia, 6.1, nts.1n
Thurston, Asa, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 8.1
Timor (Indonesia)
Todorov, Tzvetan
Torringford, Conn., 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5
Trail of Tears, prl.1, col3.1, 8.1
Treadwell, John, 2.1, 4.1, 4.2
Treaty of Fort Stanwix (1768)
Treaty of Greenville (1795)
Treaty of New Echota (1835)
Treaty Party, 8.1, 8.2, epl.1
Triumph (trade ship), 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, epl.1
Tucker, Uriah
Turkey, prl.1, 3.1, 6.1
Turkey Town (Ridge farm)
Turner, Nat
Tuscarora Indians, 7.1, nts.1n
Tuscarora Iroquois, 4.1, 7.1
Tyler, Rev.
typhus, 4.1, 4.2, 7.1
<
br /> Union army
Unitarians
United States
acquisition of Indian land by, 5.1, 6.1, col3.1, col3.2, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 8.1, 8.2
“American exceptionalism” in, prl.1, 1.1, 3.1, 3.2, epl.1
anti-Indian prejudice in, 5.1, 5.2, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 6.5, 8.1, epl.1, epl.2
China Trade of
Christian millennialism in
Civil War in, col2.1, 8.1, 8.2
Indian “civilization policy” of, 4.1, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 6.1, 6.2, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3
Indian displacement and removal in, prl.1, 6.1, 6.2, col3.1, col3.2, col3.3, col3.4, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4, 8.5, epl.1, epl.2, nts.1n
Indian treaty negotiations with, 6.1, 6.2, col3.1, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4, 8.5, 8.6
“Indian wars” in, 5.1, 5.2, 6.1, 6.2, 7.1, 8.1
interracial marriage and racial amalgamation as advocated in early years of, 5.1, 5.2, 6.1, 6.2
laws banning interracial marriage in
Obookiah’s journey to, 2.1, 2.2
pro-Indian sympathies in, 5.1, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 7.1, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4
Second Great Awakening in, 3.1, 7.1, 7.2, 8.1
in War of 1812, 2.1, 2.2, 4.1, 5.1, 5.2, 6.1
see also American colonies
Vaill, Flora Gold, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3
Vaill, Herman, 2.1, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 6.5, 6.6
Vann, John
Vermont, 4.1, 6.1, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3
Virginia, 4.1, 4.2, 5.1, 5.2, 6.1, 7.1, 8.1, 8.2
House of Delegates in
Wampanoag Indians
War of 1812, 2.1, 2.2, 4.1
American Indians in, 5.1, 5.2, 6.1
Washington, D.C., 4.1, 6.1, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4
Indian-U.S. government treaty negotiations in, 6.1, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3
Washington, George, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 6.1, 6.2
Watie, Stand
West Cornwall, Conn., col2.1, col2.2
Western Cherokees
Western Recorder (Kentucky)
West Indies, 4.1, 5.1
West Point military academy
Whitefield, George
Wickett, Susannah
Williams, Colonel, n
Williams, Eleazer
Williams, Eunice, 2.1, 5.1
Williams College, 2.1, 3.1
Windall, John, 4.1, 4.2
Winthrop, John
Wisconsin Territory
Wix, Zephaniah
women
American Indian, 5.1, 8.1, 8.2
of Hawaii
as supporters of missionary work, 2.1, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.5, 4.6, 6.1, 6.2
Worcester, Samuel, col3.1, col3.2, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4
Boudinot assassination witnessed by
Worcester v. Georgia, col3.1, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3
Yale College, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 3.1, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 5.1, 6.1, 8.1
Obookiah at, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5, 2.6, 4.1
Yelping Hill Association
Zealand, Thomas, 4.1, 6.1
A Note About the Author
John Demos is the Samuel Knight Professor Emeritus of History at Yale University. His previous books include The Unredeemed Captive, which won the Francis Parkman Prize and was a finalist for the National Book Award, and Entertaining Satan, which won the Bancroft Prize. He lives in Tyringham, Massachusetts.
Other titles by John Demos available in eBook format
The Unredeemed Captive • 978-0-307-79069-9
For more information, please visit www.aaknopf.com
John Ridge (ca. 1802–39), a student at the Foreign Mission School (1818–22), became after his return home a leader of the Cherokee Nation—and eventually of the so-called Treaty Party favoring emigration. Around 1824 he sat for this portrait by the artist Charles Bird King. (Permission and image from William Reese.)
These portraits of Elias Boudinot (ca. 1801–39), a student at the Foreign Mission School (1818–22), and his wife, Harriet Ruggles Gold (1805–36), were painted by an unidentified artist, probably in the mid-1820s.
(Copyright 2012; used by permission of James Boudinot.)
This beach, photographed as it appears today, was in the late eighteenth century the site of the village of Ninole, where Henry Obookiah was born and lived during his early childhood.
(Diego Delso, Wikimedia Commons, License CC-BY-SA 3.0)
This image, from a print made in the 1770s, depicts a traditional Hawaiian shrine of the sort at which Henry Obookiah spent his later childhood years, apprenticed to a kahuna (native priest).
Another eighteenth-century print shows a group of Hawaiian priests in a longboat approaching the shore of Kealakekua Bay, where the young Obookiah lived and worked between (approximately) 1797 and 1807.
In 2010 the Cornwall Historical Society mounted an exhibition on the Foreign Mission School. It included this scale model of its “Academy building.” (Image courtesy of the Cornwall Historical Society, Cornwall, CT.)
This house, as it appears today, was the residence of the Foreign Mission School steward John Northrup and his family. It was here that John Ridge was cared for during a long illness, in the course of which he and Sarah Northrup fell in love. (Image and permission from Alec C. Frost.)
This house was the home of Col. Benjamin Gold and family during the time when his daughter Harriet formed her “attachment” to Elias Boudinot. (Image and permission from Alec C. Frost.)
This was one of the many images of Henry Obookiah that appeared in books about the Foreign Mission School; it also was used in circulars for fund-raising purposes. (Image courtesy of the Cornwall Historical Society, Cornwall, CT.)
Following his death in February 1818, Obookiah was buried in the main Cornwall cemetery; his gravestone was one of the largest and most elaborate placed there. Visitors from Hawaii have been traveling to see it, and to pay their respects, for at least a century. (Image courtesy of the Cornwall Historical Society, Cornwall, CT.)
The 1993 removal of Obookiah’s remains from Cornwall to Hawaii began with the opening of his grave, as shown here. (Image courtesy of the Cornwall Historical Society, Cornwall, CT.)
The leaders of the Foreign Mission School would periodically create lists of the “scholars” currently enrolled, complete with names and ethnic affiliations. This example shows the roster as of about two years after the school’s founding.
(Image courtesy of the Cornwall Historical Society, Cornwall, CT.)
A carefully managed publicity campaign, just prior to the founding of the Foreign Mission School, included publication of this narrative tracing the lives of several of the young Hawaiians soon to be enrolled there.
(Image courtesy of the Cornwall Historical Society, Cornwall, CT.)
Henry Obookiah’s Memoirs, ghostwritten by his friend and mentor Edwin Dwight, became an extraordinary publishing success; nearly a dozen editions appeared over several decades following his death. (Image from the author.)
Harriet Ruggles Gold Boudinot was buried in a tiny graveyard on the outskirts of New Echota, Cherokee Nation, following her death in August 1836. (Image courtesy of the New Echota Historic Site, Calhoun, GA.)
The courthouse, built at the time of founding the Cherokee capital, New Echota (ca. 1815–20), and later destroyed, has been reconstructed for present-day visitors to the site. (Image courtesy of the New Echota Historic Site, Calhoun, GA.)
Inside the print shop at New Echota (as seen in reconstructed form today), Elias Boudinot edited the Cherokee Phoenix, the first newspaper published by and for Native Americans. (Image courtesy of the New Echota Historic Site, Calhoun, GA.)
Major Ridge, Cherokee chief and father of John Ridge, was a close associate of Andrew Jackson and other leaders of the United States government. This widely distributed print image was based on a portrait, now lost. (Courtesy of The Chieftains Museum, Rome, GA.)
Maintained today as a museum (The Chieftains), this house was built and occupied by Major Ridge and his family prior to thei
r removal to Oklahoma.
(Courtesy of The Chieftains Museum, Rome, GA.)
This Cherokee council pipe was given by Major Ridge to S. W. Gold, one of his hosts on a visit to Cornwall in November 1821. (Permission from James Gold; image courtesy of the Cornwall Historical Society, Cornwall, CT.)
ALSO BY JOHN DEMOS
A Little Commonwealth: Family Life in Plymouth Colony
Entertaining Satan: Witchcraft and the Culture of Early New England
Past, Present, and Personal: The Family and the Life Course in American History
The Unredeemed Captive: A Family Story from Early America
Circles and Lines: The Shape of Experience in Early America
The Tried and the True: Native American Women Confronting Colonization
The Enemy Within: 2,000 Years of Witch-hunting in the Western World