Crucible of Command

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Crucible of Command Page 83

by William C. Davis


  political generals, 128, 201–202

  presidency in 1864, 374

  and press, 134, 135, 222, 224, 226, 252–253, 359, 360

  prisoner exchange, 433

  prisoners, 194

  retaliation, 360

  slavery, xviii–xix, 92, 360–361, 431–432

  slaves, 20, 93–94, 105, 530 n182, n183, 531 n186, n196

  staff, 39, 132–133, 175, 338–343, 379

  strategic planning, 129, 134–135, 158, 174, 296, 313, 362, 376–377, 389, 391, 448

  Union, 124, 361

  Unionism, 127

  voting, soldiers in field, 431

  See also individual attacks, battles, campaigns, and sieges

  Grant, Ulysses S. (USG), personal

  anti-Semitism, 272–277

  anti-slavery influences, 21

  appearance, 107–108, 109, 358

  birth, 13

  character and personality, xvii, 15, 18, 19, 23–24, 86–87, 91, 109, 133, 134–135, 154, 182, 187, 196, 199, 205, 305, 306, 308, 331, 335, 369, 373, 379, 411, 437, 449

  courtship, 40

  drawing ability, 16–17

  drinking, 69–70, 89–90, 94, 108, 131, 180, 194, 197, 252, 299, 335, 364–365, 379, 520 n79, 526 n97, 528 n147, 555 n7, 565 n95, 570 n110, n111, 575 n97, 577 n26

  education, primary, 15–16

  education, secondary, 19ff

  entrepreneurism, 109

  as farmer, 92–93

  as father, 85–86

  finances, 153, 302, 378, 430

  health, 197–198, 302, 379, 429, 439

  horses, 17, 20

  marriage, 84–86, 89, 229, 429

  politics, 15, 94, 535 n43

  profanity, 108, 131

  public speaking, 16, 20

  reading, 16

  religion, 15, 108, 535 n30

  romances, purported, 510 n44

  slave ownership, 92

  smoking, 358

  temperance, 94

  thought process, 302–303

  travel, 20, 22, 28–29, 69, 85–86, 106, 489

  work habits, 17–18, 153, 175, 429

  writing style, 16, 21, 358, 507 n158

  youth, 14–24

  See also Grant, pre–Civil War life; Grant, views on

  Grant, Ulysses S. (USG), post–Civil War

  administration scandals, 488

  bankruptcy, 489

  Civil Rights Act, 487

  and Fifteenth Amendment, 487

  the French in Mexico, 437, 476

  Galena, return to, 466

  historiography on, xi–xii, xxi

  and Indian policy reform, 488

  and Ku Klux Klan, 487

  Lee in 1869, meeting with, 481–484

  Lee pardon, 464–465

  memoirs, 489–490

  military occupation of South, 476–477

  mythology, xviii–xxi

  presidency, 477–478, 479, 487–489, 490

  secretary of war, interim, 477

  trip around world, 489

  Grant, Ulysses S. (USG), pre–Civil War life

  abolitionists, and, 15

  billiard parlor ownership, 88–89, 527 n136, 528 n137

  in brokerage house, 93

  Chandler in Detroit, and, 85, 526 n97

  election of 1860, 109–111

  farmer, 91–93

  in Galena, 104ff

  Lee, meeting, xvii

  name, 504 n98

  slave, frees, xviii–xix, 93, 95

  votes in 1856, 94

  Grant, Ulysses S. (USG), pre–Civil War military experience

  ambition, 22

  army, frustration in, 56–58, 60, 90–91

  army, resignation from, 90

  Battle of Molina del Rey, 68

  in California, 88

  at Fort Humboldt, 89–90

  at Fort Vancouver, 87

  Mexican War, 50–60, 63–64, 66–70, 73–74, 84ff

  in Oregon, 87–89

  promotion to captain, 90

  Grant, Ulysses S. (USG), relationships with

  Buell, Don Carlos, 207

  father (Jesse), 14–15, 18, 23, 24, 177, 195, 197, 226

  Halleck, Henry W., 177, 183–184, 194–199, 222–223, 226

  Kountz, William J., 177–180, 181, 183–184, 194–197, 226

  Lincoln, Abraham, 360, 374, 431–432

  McClernand, John A., 226, 242, 243, 254, 258, 260, 297, 299, 330, 336–338

  Meade, William, 391, 403, 438–439

  Porter, David D., 342

  Rawlins, John A., 108

  Rosecrans, William S., 228, 252–254, 365

  Sherman, William T., 342, 436

  Thomas, George H., 365, 366–369, 379, 435–436, 437

  Grant, Ulysses S. (USG), views on

  black protection and civil rights, 466–467, 487–489

  Buchanan, James, 123

  Confederate soldiers, 404

  Confederate will, 377–378

  Democratic Party, 109

  Dred Scott decision, 94

  education, 488

  fighting, 54, 56, 64, 431

  freedom, 18–19

  government, 59

  Grant, Jesse, and speculators, 275–276

  Hamer, Thomas L., 517 n26, n28

  Indians, 87–88

  Lecompton Constitution, 94

  Lee, 465, 477, 492

  Mexican War, 53, 58, 66, 520 n73

  Mexicans, 58–59, 70

  Northern dissent, 359

  patriotism, 125

  Pierce, Franklin, 517 n26

  press, 53, 359

  reconstruction, 465, 476

  Republicans, 95

  rivers, control of, 129, 134–135

  secession, 123

  slavery, 58–59, 125, 129, 176, 224–225

  Union army, 437

  US future, 464

  Virginia, 482–483, 484

  war, 152, 465

  Grant, Ulysses S., Jr. (USG son), 86, 485

  Greene, Nathaniel, 167

  Gregg, Maxcy, 284

  Grierson, Benjamin, 306, 308, 402

  H

  Halleck, Henry W., 175, 178, 179, 180, 181, 183–184, 193, 221–222, 226, 248, 250, 253–255, 258, 259, 297, 303, 307, 331, 334, 341, 345, 360, 361, 363, 367, 370, 372, 373, 390, 392, 400, 402, 403, 407, 408, 409, 416, 429, 432, 464

  jealousy of USG, 195–199, 201–207

  passim relations with USG, 177

  Hallowell, Benjamin, 11–13

  on REL, 122

  Hamer, Thomas, L., 15, 19, 22, 57, 64

  Hamilton, Charles, 258

  Hancock, Winfield Scott, 475

  Hardee, William J., 133

  Hardscrabble (USG farm), 92, 103

  Harney, William S., 118

  Harpers Ferry, 1859 attack, 95–96

  seized 1861, 120

  Harris, Thomas, 131

  Hatch, Reuben, 174, 179, 225, 343

  Hayes, Rutherford B., 488

  Hazlitt, Charles, 57

  Hickory Hill plantation, 351

  Hill, Ambrose P., 213, 214–220, 230, 238, 239, 243, 310, 314, 322–330, 354–357, 398, 401, 405, 471, 487

  Hill, Benjamin, 441

  Hill, Daniel H., 32, 145, 209, 214–220, 288–289, 322–323, 471

  Hillyer, William S., 132, 175, 187, 250, 302, 330, 331, 338–341

  Hitchcock, Ethan A., 183

  Holly Springs, MS, attack, 279

  Holmes, Theophilus H., 213

  Hood, John Bell, 322, 434, 435, 447

  Hooker, Joseph, 289, 290, 292–294, 308, 310–311, 313, 319, 320, 323, 325, 366–367, 369, 370–371

  Hoskins, Charles, 56

  Houghton, H. H., 108

  Hudson, Peter, 342

  Huger, Benjamin, 191, 213, 216

  Hunter, David, 379, 389–390

  Hunter, R. M. T., 444, 446

  Hurlbut, Stephen, 131, 200, 201, 206, 248–250, 260, 334, 359

  I

  Imboden, John D., 384
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  Ingalls, Rufus, 32

  Irving, Washington, 16, 30, 31

  Iuka, MS, Battle of, 238, 246–247

  J

  Jackson, Andrew, 9–10, 11, 15, 45, 487, 503 n77, 504 n79

  Jackson, Thomas J “Stonewall,” 139–140, 190, 193, 212, 213, 214, 230, 240, 242–246, 261–268, 286, 293, 308, 310, 313, 317–321, 323–337, 354, 471

  Jane (REL slave), 48

  Jo Daviess Guard, 124, 125, 126

  Johnson, Andrew, 458, 463, 477

  Johnston, Albert Sidney, 77, 83, 111, 146, 160, 171, 178, 179, 182, 190, 193, 199, 202, 204, 207

  Johnston, J. Stoddard, 459

  Johnston, Joseph E., 25, 62, 111, 140, 141, 189, 209, 213, 233, 266, 333, 334, 344, 345, 347, 379, 380–382, 385–386, 395, 412–414, 443–444, 448, 449, 457, 458, 490, 492

  on Peninsula 190–193

  Johnston, Samuel, 328

  Johnston, William Preston, 211

  Jomini, Antoine-Henri, 27

  Jones, John Paul, 27

  Jones, William (USG slave), 92–94

  Juarez, Benito, 476

  K

  King, Mary, 28

  Kirby Smith, Edmund, 266, 463, 476

  Knowlton, Miner, 33

  Knoxville, TN, Campaign, 356

  Kountz, William J., 177–179, 180, 181, 183, 194, 197, 299

  L

  Lafayette, Marquis de, 9

  Lagow, Clark B., 132, 175, 338–341, 364, 379

  Lamb, Francis, 350

  Lawley, Francis, 286

  Lawrence, Abbott, 81

  Lawton, A. R., 161

  Leary, William B., 6, 7, 9, 10, 131, 499 n35, n37, n39, 499 n40, n42, 500 n45, n46

  on REL, 9

  Lee, Ann Carter (REL daughter), 44, 144, 68, 97, 100, 173, 291

  death 261–262, 270

  Lee, Ann (REL sister), 26

  Lee, Ann Hill Carter (REL mother)

  death, 28, 48

  on education, 5–6

  finances, 2–5, 7–8, 10, 496 n6, n10, 497 n29, 502 n54

  health, 8, 26

  moves to Georgetown, 508 n9

  on REL, 13

  slaves and slavery, 2, 4, 5, 48

  Lee, Cassius (REL cousin), 7, 11, 121, 136

  Lee, Cazanove (REL nephew), 492

  Lee, Charles Carter (REL brother), 3, 4, 8, 10, 26, 34, 35, 38, 46, 48, 72, 189, 262, 290, 291, 321

  Lee, Charlotte (REL daughter-in-law), 352

  Lee, Edmund Jennings (REL uncle), 6

  Lee, Eleanor Agnes (REL daughter), 49, 100–101, 285, 289, 323, 349, 350

  Lee, Fitzhugh (REL nephew), 284

  Lee, Francis, 68, 70

  Lee, George Washington Custis (REL son), 39, 75, 80, 83, 99–100, 101, 102, 112, 113, 115, 116, 117, 118, 166, 167, 171, 271, 280, 290, 291, 314, 347, 424, 461

  Lee, Henry (REL half-brother), 3, 9, 10, 37

  Lee, Henry “Light Horse Harry,” (REL father)

  death, 5

  and REL, 1–3, 23

  religion, 7

  Lee, Mary Custis (REL daughter), 43

  Lee, Mary Custis (REL wife), 26, 43, 165, 285, 289, 314, 316, 322–324, 347, 384, 440, 457, 486–487

  courtship, 26, 34–38

  erratic behavior, 98–99

  health, 97, 189, 191, 261, 267, 424

  on REL 26

  religion, 35–36

  and slaves, 349, 351

  Lee, Mildred (REL aunt), 2, 4

  Lee, Mildred (REL sister), 26, 34, 49

  Lee, Mildred Childe (REL daughter), 50, 98, 112, 166, 285

  Lee, Robert Edward (REL), Civil War career

  Antietam, MD, Campaign, 239–246

  Appomattox, retreat to, 449–452

  Battle of Bristoe Station, VA, 355–356

  Battle of Bull Run, VA, First, 141, 143

  Battle of Bull Run, VA, Second, 232–237

  Battle of Chancellorsville, VA, 293–294

  Battle of Cold Harbor, VA, 406–408

  Battle of Petersburg, VA, 410–411

  Cheat Mountain, VA, Campaign, 146–149

  as chief of military operations, 189

  command, asks to be relieved of, 353–354

  command in South Carolina, 160–172

  command in Virginia, 136–141, 143–152

  command in western Virginia, 143–152

  command of Army of Northern Virginia, 211, 550 n112

  Davis, Jefferson, advisor to, 142

  Fredericksburg Campaign, 267–269, 280

  general-in-chief, 443, 444

  Gettysburg Campaign, 320–330, 347, 351, 353

  Grant, April 10 meeting with, 455–456, 585 n3

  Mine Run Campaign, 357

  “Mud March,” 289

  North Anna, VA, operations, 402, 405–406

  Petersburg, evacuation of, 449

  Petersburg, Siege of 409, 420–449

  promotion to full general, 146, 541 n117

  Seven Days’ Campaign, 214–220

  Shenandoah Valley Campaign 1862, 192–193

  Spotsylvania Campaign, 400–402

  surrender, 452–454

  Virginia 1861, defense of, 136–141

  Wilderness, VA, Campaign, 387–388

  See also individual attacks, battles, campaigns, and sieges

  Lee, Robert Edward (REL), as general army, reorganization of, 288, 321–322

  believes cause lost, 425–427, 442–443

  blacks in PA, seizure of, 352

  characteristics, 138, 145, 268–270, 287–290, 292, 346, 348, 356, 398, 400, 404, 405, 406, 415–416

  command of Tennessee, declines, 354, 380–381, 414

  criticism of, 149, 151, 163, 172, 189–190, 212, 283, 284, 319, 356

  and CSA (Confederate States of America), 151, 163, 282, 319, 441, 455–456

  delegation, 139, 232, 317

  descriptions of, 142–143, 149, 243, 283, 285–286, 319, 324, 354, 356, 388, 397, 409, 467

  deserters, 382, 415–416, 419

  and dictatorship, 442–443

  discipline of soldiers, 415–416, 419

  dislike of North and Northerners, 136, 137, 139, 151, 164, 165–166, 314, 348, 349–350, 352, 439–440, 472

  and Emancipation Proclamation, 352

  Grant, compared with, 393–395

  headquarters, life at, 290, 291, 314–315, 383–384, 423–424

  and Jews, 277, 292

  management style, 75–76, 139, 140, 145–146, 150, 190, 217–218, 219, 231–232, 235–236, 243–244, 265, 315–316, 327–329, 357, 383–384, 423

  peace efforts, 444–448, 450, 458

  and press, 281, 287, 349, 385, 413

  prisoner exchange, 433

  reconnaissance, 329–330

  “reconstructionist” in 1861, 137–138

  recruiting, 163, 321, 424–425

  risks, physical, 312, 400, 403

  staff, 139, 218, 314–319, 322, 324, 325, 328–329, 456

  strategic thinking, 141, 143, 147, 149, 192–193, 214, 233–234, 237, 239, 240–241, 296, 308–309, 310, 313, 320–321, 347, 380–381, 384–386

  Trent affair, 107

  See also individual attacks, battles, campaigns, and sieges

  Lee, Robert Edward (REL), personal appearance, 138, 142–143, 144–145, 160, 508 n12

  birth, 503 n78

  character and personality, xvii, 6, 8, 10, 13, 23–24, 41, 44, 76, 98, 127, 137, 146, 210–211, 262, 289–290, 316, 322, 323, 353, 355–356, 388, 406, 421, 440

  conflict, avoidance of, 83–84, 118, 145, 209, 265, 284, 288–289, 316, 322–323, 355–357, 407

  courtship, 26, 34–38

  death, anticipation of, 96, 101, 347, 352, 424, 440–441

  depression, 280, 290–291, 293, 347, 453, 557 n83

  diet, 267

  disappointment, 101

  duty, 13, 26, 77, 115, 146, 317, 412

  education, demerits during, 507 n3, 509 n21

  education, Alexandria Academy, 500 n45, n46

  education, Milit
ary Academy, 9–11, 25–28

  education, primary, 3–5

  education, secondary, 6–12

  failure, sense of, 347, 353

  as father, 39, 44, 99–102, 167

  grief, 261–262, 270

  health, 97, 290–291, 323, 328, 353–356, 406, 420–421, 423, 440, 486

  inheritance, 5, 499 n30, 511 n60

  isolation, 97

  marriage, 38–40, 44, 98–99, 165, 424

  Military academy, appointment to, 9–11

  patriotism, 102, 412

  political awareness, 44–46, 79, 240, 244, 321, 323, 553 n74, 554 n88

  religion, 7, 35–36, 65, 76, 77–79, 101, 137, 149, 151, 172, 280, 284–285, 347, 349, 352, 353, 356, 357, 384, 387, 424, 440, 445

  travel, 20

  youth, 1–13, 23–24, 497 n11

  See also Lee, pre–Civil War life; Lee, views on

  Lee, Robert Edward (REL), post–Civil War

  and CSA (Confederate States of America) memorial societies, 472

  death of, 487, 591 n18

  deification of, 591 n26

  emigration, opposition to, 459, 462

  Grant, in 1869, meeting with, 481–484

  historiography, xi–xii, xxi

  mythology, xviii–xx

  oath of allegiance, 461

  pardon application, 461

  and presidential campaign, 478

  and railroad development, 469–470

  retirement to private life, 458

  Richmond, return to, 457

  symbolic post–war leader, 462–463

  treason indictment, 461

  and Virginia governorship, 478

  war record, defense of, 471

  at Washington College, xviii, 467–469

  to write history of Army of Northern Virginia, 470–471

  See also Lee, views on

  Lee, Robert Edward (REL), pre–Civil War life

  election of 1860, 112

  Grant, meeting, xvii

  inheritance, 5, 499 n30, 511 n60

  Norris (slave) whippings, 348–349, 460, 473

  as slave-owner, 48, 61, 514 n151, n153, 515 n156, 518 n52, 523 n56, n59, 589 n77, 590 n89

  slaves, emancipation of Custis, xviii–xix, 113, 270–272, 277–279, 563 n131

  slaves, management of, 80–84

  Virginia, allegiance to, 113, 114, 115, 117, 122

  as Whig, 44, 45

  Lee, Robert Edward (REL), pre-Civil War military experience

  with 2d US Cavalry, 77

  ambition, 9–10

  army, dissatisfaction with, 43, 111–112

  army, resignation from, 112, 114, 115, 120–121, 122–123, 138

  Battle of Cerro Gordo, 64–65

  Battle of Churubusco, 65

  command of US forces, declines, 119

  at Harpers Ferry, 95–96

  in Mexican War, 60–63, 64–65, 67–68, 70–74

  at Military Academy, as superintendent, 75–77

  promotion to colonel, 117

  promotions, 65, 67

  Lee, Robert Edward (REL), relationships with

 

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