Sissinghurst, an Unfinished History

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by Adam Nicolson


  Gibbon, Constance 150

  Gibbon, Edward 77, 221, 225

  Glassenbury 128

  Glendinning, Victoria 262

  Glover, Jasper 200

  gold ring, Celtic 101–2, 124

  Goldyng, Robert 151

  Golford Corner 97

  Goudhurst 140

  Gozzoli, Benozzo 261

  Gralez, Ferdinando 229

  Grant, Duncan 255

  Great Chart 6

  Greensand Hills 93, 122

  Grose, Captain Francis 154, 178, 221

  Guilford, Sir Thomas 203, 208

  Hale, Benett 180

  Hammer Brook 3–4, 5, 6–7, 10, 33, 37, 38, 58, 73, 81, 95, 114, 127, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 147, 148, 190, 199, 214, 217, 232, 295

  Hammer Mill 5, 134, 146, 147, 200–1, 215, 232, 237–8, 250, 278

  Hammer Stream 238

  Hammer Wood 232

  Hampshire Militia 77, 154, 221

  Handbook of Organic Gardening 294

  Hardie, Philippe 227–8

  Hardregh, Thomas 151

  Hareplain 132

  Harington, Sir John 207

  Harman, Richard 172

  Hartley 131

  Hartridge 123, 127

  Haselden 141

  Hasted, Edward 175

  Hawkridge 127

  Hazelden 132

  Headcorn 93, 126, 133, 141, 150

  Heaney, Seamus 136

  Heir’s Farm Wood 134

  Hemsted 132

  Hemsted Forest 132

  Henry VIII, King 182

  Herth, Thomas 151

  Hidcote 42

  High Tilt 127, 133

  High Weald 86, 99, 128

  Hills, Ivan 48

  Hochberg, Katrin 113, 156, 163

  Hocker Edge 127

  Holden, Patrick 309, 310, 311–12

  Hollingbourne 126

  Holmesdale, Viscount 101

  Holred 141

  Homer 321, 322

  Honeysett, Mrs 44

  Hornyold-Strickland, Mrs 159

  Howard, Lady Frances 205

  Hungerden 134–5, 137

  Ibornden 132

  Iden 132

  Indenture Tripartite, This 323–6

  Jackdaw Ridge 123–4

  Jacob sheep 12, 28

  James, Marjorie 314, 315

  James, Professor 106

  James, Thomas 314, 315

  Jenkins, Simon 306, 308

  Jones, Inigo 210

  Jones, Jo 116

  Keen, Mary 109

  Kendall, Will 164

  Kent 3, 6, 9, 14, 17, 36, 69, 76, 96, 142, 150, 163–4, 171, 172, 174, 177, 181, 184, 188, 192, 203, 210, 213, 214, 215, 217, 218, 227, 237, 239, 246, 249, 259, 261, 273, 302, 314; ancient 80, 81, 83; cloth-making in 174–5; custom of 126; farming 122, 138, 139, 140, 141, 145, 148; lanes 97, 98–9, 100; language 142, 144; manors 137–40; nomenclature 127–37; Roman 124, 125

  Kent County Archives 323

  Kent, King of 137–8

  Keppel, Alice 262

  Knole 16, 41, 43, 48, 180, 198, 209, 215, 225, 260–1, 262, 266–7

  Kreutzberger, Sibylle 45, 46, 280–1

  Lambarde, William 81–2

  Land, The (Sackville-West) 81–2, 240

  landscape: and place, distinction between 165, 318–19; as a language 318; beauty of farmed 327–8; history of 27, 165; passion for 164; Sissinghurst 23, 31, 32, 34, 38, 39, 54, 61, 68, 69, 70–1, 93, 105, 106, 128, 165–7, 169, 251, 295–8, 304, 305; Wealden 69, 127, 129, 200

  language, landscape as 317–18

  Language Instinct, The (Pinker) 316–17

  Lashenden 135

  Lees-Milne, Jim 22, 42, 178, 271

  Leicester, Lord 205, 206

  Levin, Bernard 264–5

  Lewis, Robert 107, 313, 314–16

  Light, Jonathan 70–1, 103–4, 107, 108, 111, 112, 113, 155, 168–9, 250–1, 252, 253

  Little Bettenham Farm 245

  Little Chart 133, 149

  Lloyd, Christopher 33

  Lossenham friary 151, 153, 175

  Lovehurst 128, 134

  Low Weald 4, 6, 93, 94, 97, 98, 99, 116, 123, 130, 316

  Lower Farningham Farm 124

  Lupton, Tom 290, 295, 296, 297

  Lutyens, Edwin 16, 274

  Macdermot, Niall 50–1

  Maidstone 146, 173

  Making of the English Landscape, The (Hoskins) 165

  Mann, Edward 230, 231, 232, 234

  Mann, Sir Horatio 323–4

  Maplehurst 132, 135, 183

  Mary Queen of Scots 16

  Mary, Queen 177, 180, 182, 218, 239

  Meadow Brook 134

  Medhurst, Alison 19

  Medhurst, Simon 19

  Medway River 5, 81, 173

  Melkhous 141

  Mereworth 122, 131

  Mesnard, René 224

  Middle Ages 74, 131, 133, 139, 146, 148

  Milestone Wood 141

  Milkhouse 132–3, 141

  Ministry of Works 49, 51

  Moore, Charles 306–8

  Morgan, Shirley 76, 77

  Moss Force 318–19

  Mottenden friary 150, 151, 153, 175

  Murray, Simon 159–60, 161

  National Archives, Kew 56, 58, 150, 180, 221

  National Trust 107, 109, 308; A N’s relationship with 62–3, 68–71, 103–13, 119, 168–70, 209, 250, 253–4, 300–2, 303–4, 305; approval of part of A N’s Sissinghurst plan 253–4; area managers 70–1, 103; Bettenham farm and 247–8; commercial arm 158; director of marketing 301; donor families 47, 64–7, 104, 159–62; Draft Occupancy Agreement 64–7; Enterprises 117, 166–7; Gardens Panel 68; feasibility studies 103, 111; finance committee 47; Historic Buildings Committee 42; history of 42–3; HQ 253–4; Outline Proposal for a Draft Project Brief for an Investigation of the Business Case to go out to Tender for a Consultative Exercise 104–5; profit derogation, consideration of Sissinghurst request for 157, 166–7; Regional Committee 250–3; Regional Planning Group 168–9; rejection of A N’s ideas 168–70, 209, 250; Nigel Nicolson’s negotiations with 40, 43–53; shop, Sissinghurst 12, 32, 63; Special Trust in Credit 111; tea room, Sissinghurst 247–8; Visitor Services Manager 296; Vita’s room and 282, 285; wardens 116, 167–8, 291; Whitegate Farm and 209

  Neve, Frederick William 238–9

  Neve, George 76, 100–1, 153, 235–6, 237, 238, 241

  Newenden 151

  Nicolson, Adam 27, 28, 104; childhood and schooldays 1–30, 28; farming, views on modern industrial 308–29; father, relationship with 2, 3, 6, 17, 18–19, 25–7, 30–8, 40, 85, 186, 321; Homer, on nature of homecoming in 321–2; inventory of Sissinghurst project, 2009 304–5; lack of experience in steering large corporate body in new direction 53–4, 120–1; language of landscape, views on 316–18; landscape and place, views on 73, 165, 318–23; mother and 16, 17, 19–20, 21, 48–9, 52–3; National Trust and 62–3, 68–71, 103–13, 119, 168–70, 209, 250, 253–4, 300–2, 303–4, 305; National Trust approve plan for Sissinghurst 253–4; objections to vision of Sissinghurst 306–13; past, views on nature of 37–8, 71–2, 328–9; plan and vision for Sissinghurst 36–9, 62–3, 67–72, 103–13, 119, 168–70, 209, 250, 253–4, 251–4; puts plan for Sissinghurst into action 2007/08 290–303; rejection of ideas for Sissinghurst, National Trust 168–70, 209, 250; returns to Sissinghurst, 2004 30–8; significance of of Sissinghurst project beyond itself, views on 306–29

  Nicolson, Ben (A N’s uncle) 23, 35, 257, 264, 267, 269, 274, 278

  Nicolson, Harold (A N’s grandfather) 22, 23, 28, 47, 50, 57, 245, 256, 267, 269, 270, 281, 287, 288, 303; arrival at Sissinghurst 209, 268, 328–9; character 258, 328–9; documentary, reaction to proposals for a Sissinghurst 280; finances 44; garden and 78, 94, 193, 270, 271–2, 273, 274, 277; knighted 271; Lees-Milne and 42; love affairs 42, 256, 270; National Trust and 42, 43; Nigel Nicolson and 256–7, 263–5; Vita Sackville-West, relationship with 15, 17, 19, 261–2, 263, 266, 271, 282, 283, 289<
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  Nicolson, Juliet (A N’s sister) 2, 19, 21, 22, 23, 34, 35, 52, 118, 265

  Nicolson, Nigel (A N’s father) 22–3, 28, 29, 31, 51, 64, 72, 267, 269, 278, 305; AN and 2, 3, 6, 17, 18–19, 25–7, 30–8, 40, 85, 186, 321; Bettenham farm, sells 246; character 25–7; changes to Sissinghurst 29–30; illness and death 30–1, 32, 33–6, 40, 62; marriage 19–21; National Trust and 40, 43–53, 66, 111, 113; parents and 255, 256–8, 261–2, 263–5, 270, 271, 282, 288; Portrait of a Marriage 256–7, 263, 273; publicity campaign 118, 256–8; Shirley Morgan and 76, 77; social life 24

  Nicolson, Philippa (A N’s mother) 16, 17, 19–20, 21, 48–9, 52–3

  Nicolson, Rosie (A N’s daughter) 64

  Nicolson, Sarah (A N’s wife) 30, 34, 63, 65, 103–4, 107, 109, 110, 111, 118, 120, 121, 163, 294, 298, 299, 300–1, 307, 308

  Nicolson, Tom 28

  Noah’s Ark farm 135

  North Downs 6, 96

  Odyssey (Homer) 321–3

  Oliver, Tom 165–6

  Otford 146

  Oxford, Lord 206

  Parr, Katherine 182

  past, nature of/reconnecting with 37–8, 71–2, 328–9

  Pavord, Anna 68

  Peasant’s Revolt, 1381 171

  Perambulation (Lambarde) 81–2

  Petham, Elie Monmatre de 150

  Petham, Manger de 150

  Pevsner, Sir Nikolaus 178

  Philipott, Thomas 210

  Pig Earth (Berger) 37–8, 329

  Pilgrim’s Way 6

  Pinker, Steven 316

  Piper, John 16

  place, sense of/relationship with 2, 38–9, 73, 318–19, 328

  Pluckley 150

  Pope-Hennessy, James 22

  Porritt, Jonathan 162

  Portrait of a Marriage (Nicolson) 256–7, 263, 273

  Proby, Merry 67

  Proby, Sir William 67, 159

  Protestantism 171–2, 177, 182, 183–5, 200, 212, 213

  Punnett, Shirley 17, 112

  Rackham, Oliver 27

  Radclyffe, Thomas 204

  Rat, François le 221

  Rathbone, Jack 43–4, 46, 49

  Reames, Johanne 181

  Reformation 181–2, 184

  Renaissance 173–208, 261

  Reynolds, Fiona 62, 63, 71, 108, 159, 165, 166, 303, 304

  Rochester 6

  Rogley 132

  Roman age 4, 83, 124, 125–6, 133, 148, 173

  Roman road 4, 124, 125, 133, 173, 180

  Romney Marsh 151

  Roots, Sarah 156

  Rosa gallica 195, 202

  Rosa Mulliganii 51

  Rothschild house, Waddesdon 109, 110

  Rothschild, Jacob 109, 159, 160

  Rothschild, Lady 109–10

  Rousseau, Douanier 81

  Royal Label Factory 52

  RSPB 113

  Rude, William de 149

  Rumley, Peter 153–4

  Ruthven, Jacqui 118

  Sackville, Catherine 176

  Sackville, Cecily 180, 181, 187

  Sackville, Lord 259, 264, 266–7

  Sackville, Pepita 259, 260, 286

  Sackville, Thomas 176, 180, 183, 225–6

  Sackville, Victoria 259

  Sackville-West, Robert 6, 53, 121, 160

  Sackville-West, Vita 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 23, 45, 48, 156, 188, 195, 198, 218, 232, 239, 245, 257, 258, 267, 269, 281, 301, 303; arrival at Sissinghurst 201, 209, 240, 255, 267–70, 328–9; Bettenham farm, buys 245; Brissenden and Little Bettenham farms, buys 245, 278; childhood 260–1; death 28, 40, 246, 255, 282; estate 44; family history 176, 259–60; Farm Survey Form, 1941 57–8; finances 245, 259, 268, 281; garden and 78, 94, 193, 270–1, 272, 273, 274, 277, 287; ‘The Garden’ poem 287; gardening column in the Observer 280, 282; Harold Nicolson and 255, 261–2, 283, 289; Knole and 260–1, 266–7; The Land 81–2, 240; lifestyle at Sissinghurst 274, 276, 279; love affair with Violet Trefusis 262–6, 289; National Trust, relationship with 43; Nigel Nicolson and 255–6, 257–8, 259, 263–5; Ossie Beale and 243, 245; room in Tower 282–9; ‘Sissinghurst’ (poem) 69, 70, 268, 269, 303; ‘Sissinghurst Castle’ rose, discovers 195, 202

  Sand Lane 126

  Sandwich 6

  Saville, Sue 67, 253

  de Saxingherst family 140, 141–2, 148, 150, 153

  Saxingherst, Galfridus de 140

  Saxingherste, Stephen de 140

  Saxinghurst, John de 140

  Schwerdt, Pam 45, 46, 280

  Scott, John Murray 259

  Second World War 245–6, 278–9

  Selborne 86

  Seven Years’ War 219–32

  Sheffield, Lady Douglas 205

  Sidney, Philip 203

  Sidney, Robert 207

  Sinkhurst 134–5

  Sissinghurst Castle: air-raid shelter 19; A N’s vision for see Nicolson, Adam; ancient origins 76–7, 80, 96–7; banqueting house, Elizabethan 15, 189, 196, 212; BBC television series on 303; bed & breakfast 248, 250, 302, 304; Big Room 15, 16, 158; bird life see birds; brand 63; brickwork 18, 28, 75, 78–80, 91, 100, 148, 154, 178, 191, 193, 233, 234, 235–8, 269, 272, 273, 280; buttery 194; café 32, 63, 112; car park 302; chapel 150, 194, 211; coffee shop 30; commercialisation, threat of 117, 118–19; cour d’honneur 190, 218; eighteenth century 217–34, 236–7; Elizabethan 15, 18, 34, 45, 46, 49, 78, 79, 80, 154, 187–208, 211, 276 end of the season at 255; fifteenth century 175–6; finances 48–9, 106, 111–12, 118, 119, 157–8, 215, 216, 218–19, 250, 251, 253; first appearance in written record 122–3, 140–1; First World War 238, 242; garden see Sissinghurst Castle Garden; gateway 18, 178, 179, 190, 191–2, 302; inventory of project, 2009 304–5; ironworks 190, 200–1, 203; kitchen 16, 20; lake 3, 8, 12, 77, 86, 94, 113, 270, 279; library 274; Long Gallery 227; Lower Courtyard 276 manor house 78, 148, 154, 178–80, 187–208; Middle Courtyard 194, 223, 226, 227; moat 2, 10, 12, 18, 33, 112, 153, 167, 178, 195, 203, 206, 223, 224, 227, 228, 242, 243, 268, 274; National Trust and see National Trust; 19th century 232 1920s 243–4; 1930s 244–5, 244, 276 1940s 245–6, 278–9; 1950s 246; 1960s 2–38, 246–7; 1980s 247–8; oak joists 92; objections to A N’s vision for 306–13; pantry 194; park-keeper’s lodge 189, 197; plan of 275; plant shop 30; ponds 189, 194–5; poor relief scheme 233–5; prisoner of war camp, eighteenth century 217–33, 236–7; Reformation 181–2, 184; Renaissance 173–208, 261; restaurant 29, 67–8, 69, 70, 105, 106, 116, 117, 120, 155, 157–8, 165, 166, 169, 251–5, 298–302, 307, 312; Roman age 4, 83, 124, 125–6, 133, 148, 173; Second World War 245–6, 278–9; seventeenth century 209–17; significance of project beyond itself 306–28; sixteenth century 15, 172, 176–208; soil 55–6, 68, 75, 114–16, 130, 137, 145, 291–2; South Cottage 15, 17, 45, 49, 153, 188, 235, 237, 240, 272, 276 Special Trust in Credit 111; staff 68, 110–11, 116–18, 119, 155, 290, 295–300, 302, 307–8; start of the season at 155–6; stewards 155; target qualities 111–12; ticket office 302; Tower, Elizabethan 15, 18, 34, 45, 46, 49, 85, 94, 97, 163–4, 188, 189, 191, 193, 195–6, 197, 198, 206, 223, 235, 237, 239, 259, 268, 270, 271, 272, 278, 281, 282, 285; traffic, sound of 31, 32, 36–7; trees see trees; Upper Courtyard 45, 273; visitors 24, 27, 30, 31, 34, 44, 47, 67, 68, 81, 85, 105, 106, 117, 118, 119, 142, 156, 166, 169, 188, 195, 217, 228, 247, 255, 258, 274, 277, 280, 282, 296, 297, 299–300, 302, 303; volunteers 68, 155, 291, 294, 295, 301, 305

  Sissinghurst Castle Farm 30, 46, 54–61, 69, 70, 196–7, 233–4, 241–9; Banky field 114; barley 11, 56, 172, 237; barns 28, 67, 188, 189, 193–4, 236–7; birds see birds; Board 120; boat-race stream 2–3, 10; cattle 11, 12, 27, 30, 56, 58, 61, 70, 112, 172, 209, 237, 249; chickens 11, 12, 28, 70, 105, 249; Cow Field 55, 115, 118, 249, 254; dairy farming 11, 30, 112, 236, 237, 245, 246, 247, 309; deer 6, 80, 82, 84, 95, 97, 100, 131, 174, 189, 197, 198, 200, 202, 203, 206, 207, 238; Dog Field 2; Eight Acres 54; Eleven Acre Wood 232 farmers 54, 69, 70, 107, 209, 248–9, 278, 290, 302, 304; farmhouse, Victorian 11, 30, 197, 245, 250, 295; Floodgate Wood 146–7, 232 Frogmead 12, 54, 114, 147–8, 246–7,
295; granary 28–9; Graylins Wood 232 Hammer Brook 3–4, 5, 6–7, 10, 33, 37, 38, 58, 73, 81, 95, 114, 127, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 147, 148, 190, 199, 214, 217, 232, 295; Hammer Wood 232 hay 5, 11, 12, 19, 27, 28, 55, 59, 95, 137, 143, 148, 172, 189, 193, 278, 295, 304, 324, 325; hedges 10, 33, 37, 64, 65, 95, 112, 114, 132, 141, 142, 144, 169, 236, 253, 254, 273, 279, 291, 304, 305, 314, 316, 317, 324, 326; hops 11, 12–14, 27, 30, 54–5, 58, 61, 70, 73, 148, 172, 209, 236, 237, 245, 246–7, 278; Horse Race Field 45, 55, 75, 112, 237; hunting 6, 80, 82, 84, 95, 97, 100, 131, 174, 189, 196, 197, 198, 200, 202, 203, 205, 206, 207, 209–10, 238; Lake Field 78, 221; Large Field 54, 114, 116, 236; Legge Wood 232 Lodge Field 12, 54, 114, 197, 236, 243; Long Barn 265, 267, 272; Long Orchard 78; Lower Tassells 116; meadows 5, 56, 95, 102, 124, 128, 133, 134, 135, 137, 138, 143, 146–8, 172, 185, 189, 203, 215, 239, 245, 254, 262, 295, 304, 305, 315, 316, 324; Nine Acres 55; nineteenth century 232 1920s 243–4; 1930s 244–5, 244; 1940s 245–6, 278–9; 1950s 246; 1960s 2–38, 246–7; 1980s 247–8; oats 11, 56, 172; open days 290; orchards 11, 45, 58, 70, 78, 112, 114, 146, 173, 184, 190, 238, 246, 249, 253, 295, 297, 304; organic 60, 68, 112, 113–16, 157, 158, 162, 164, 167, 168, 302, 304, 305, 306–13, 315, 325; Park 12, 55, 75, 84, 93, 95, 137, 189, 196–200, 202, 203, 204, 205, 206, 207, 210, 215, 216, 225, 232 236, 238; pigs 12, 19, 27, 28, 56–7, 70, 129, 137–8, 139, 143; plan of 292, 293; rental agreement, nineteenth century 323–6; Second World War 245–6; sheep 12, 28, 56, 70, 172, 237, 249; shop 105–6, 112, 120, 158, 165, 251; sixteenth century 15; soil 55–6, 68, 73–9, 82, 93, 114–16, 128, 130, 137, 145, 291–2, 294 Survey Record, 1941 56–8; trees/wood see trees; water troughs 304; Well Fields 55, 137, 215–16; wheat 11, 54, 56, 144, 145, 172, 237, 310, 311, 315; Whitegate Farm 209; woods 8–10, 46, 75–6, 124–5, 143, 189, 190, 201, 213–15, 238

  Sissinghurst Castle Garden 2, 18, 31, 35, 70, 118, 155, 195, 211, 270–4; Cottage Garden 273; Delos 45, 112, 224, 272; Erechtheum 193; gardeners 45, 46, 116–17, 118, 119, 156, 162, 194, 255, 281, 294, 302, 307; glasshouses 280; Great Gate 192; Harold Nicolson and see Nicolson, Harold; Herb Garden 18, 45; Lime Walk 18, 45; Moat Walk 45, 153; Nuttery 18, 193, 273; oak in 2; Priest’s House 15, 49, 67, 162, 188, 193, 212, 237, 272, 274, 276 Rose Garden 18, 45, 224, 272, 273, 280; Second World War interrupts progress of 278; Sissinghurst Castle rose 195, 202; Spring Garden 273, 274; Tower Lawn 273; urns 274, 282; vegetable-growing 60, 68, 112, 156, 158, 166, 224, 272, 273, 290–1, 294, 300, 302, 304, 306–13, 307; Vita-Sackville West and see Sackville-West, Vita; White Garden 45, 51, 112, 163, 193, 195, 273, 274, 276, 280

 

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