101. “No Need Here of Militant Tactics by Woman Suffragists, Says Prof. Eastman,” Baltimore American, February 28, 1910.
102. “Women in Industry: Max Eastman Discusses Need of Ballot for Them,” Pittsburgh Gazette-Times, April 5, 1911.
103. Paula Jakobi to ME, [1912?], EM. In 1917 Jakobi collaborated with Marie Jenney Howe on Telling the Truth at the White House, a play documenting the trial of suffragettes who had picketed the White House.
104. “Is Woman Suffrage Important?” North American Review 193, no. 662 (January 1911): 60–71.
105. “I used to think there was nothing like the heroines of the Early Martyrs,” EMII.
106. “Inez Milholland,” Masses 9.5 (March 1917): 22.
107. ME to AFE, January 16, 1910, EM.
108. ME to AFE, February 25, 1910, EM; “Someone Will Be Killed While Suffrage Battle Is On,” Buffalo Courier, November 13, 1909.
109. “Man Suffragette to Speak,” New York Daily Tribune, October 11, 1910; ME to AFE, March 9, 1910, EM.
110. ME to AFE, March 31, 1910, EM.
111. ME to AFE, January 21, 1910, EM.
112. ME to AFE, May 19, 1910, EM.
113. “I passed all the requirements for a Ph.D., and satisfied my millennial and rebel yearnings by not going up to get it” (“Part I. My Political History,” EMII).
114. “The Paradox of Plato,” front matter, 9, 11, EMII.
115. “Paradox,” 15, 64, 52, 53, 62.
116. “Paradox,” 54.
117. AFE to ME, October 6, 1910, EM.
118. AFE to ME, May 5, 1909, EM.
119. AFE to ME, January 18, 1910, EM.
120. AFE to AE, January 21, 1910, EM.
121. “Mark Twain at Rest. Buried Beside Wife,” New York Times, April 24, 1910.
122. ME to AFE, April 26, 1910, EM.
123. AFE to ME, October 1, 1910, EM.
124. See Crystal’s letter to Max, written around the anniversary of Annis’s death; CE to ME, October 17, 1911, CEP.
125. EL, 344.
126. AFE to ME, February 21, 1909, EM.
127. CE to ME, April 3, 1911, CEP.
128. CE to ME, February 11, 1911, CEP.
Chapter 4. The Flea from Tangier
1. CE to ME, June 29, 1911, CEP; ME to SEE, May 6, 1911, EM.
2. Mabel Dodge Luhan, Movers and Shakers (New York: Harcourt Brace, 1936), 484.
3. Bob Brown, “Them Asses,” American Mercury (December 1933): 403–11; 409.
4. “Part I. My Political History,” EMII.
5. No man would ever publicly admit doubts he had regarding his virility, wrote Max in an autobiographical fragment. The barrier against such confessions was “stronger than a religious tabu” and probably the reason the subject had been kept out of literature; “A Vital Subject That Is Tabu,” EMII.
6. As their marriage was collapsing, Ida wrote to Max, “I don’t suppose any boy or man with your sexual make-up has ever really gone through his whole youth as you did before you met me without actual sexual and complete experience” (“Auto-Analysis,” vol. III, August 17, 1914, EMIIA2).
7. EL, 360.
8. ME to SEE, May 6, 1911, EM; CE to ME, May 20, 1911, CEP.
9. ME to SEE, May 15, 1911, EM.
10. ME to SEE, May 19, 1911, EM.
11. CE to ME, June 29, 1911, CEP.
12. ME to SEE, May 23, 1911, EM.
13. ME to SEE, June 19, 1911, EM.
14. John Donne, “The Flea” (1633).
15. Child of the Amazons, 59; see note in Poems of Five Decades, 25–26.
16. ME to SEE, July 31, 1911, EM.
17. September 6, 1911, Cherith-Log, 1911. EMIIA2.
18. CE to ME, June 29, 1911, CEP.
19. CE to ME, October 14, 1911, CEP.
20. CE to ME, November 6, 1911, CEP.
21. September 22, Cherith-Log, 1911, EMIIA2.
22. “Another Severely Attacks Eastman’s View of Marriage,” Elmira Star-Gazette, December 4, 1911; “Not Advocate of Free Love. Divorce Laws Are Not Fair,” Elmira Star-Gazette, January 2, 1912; “Rev. Eastman’s Views on Marriage,” Elmira Morning Telegram, January 7, 1912.
23. “Legally She is Mme. Eastman but Maiden Name of Ida Rauh is Still Used by Her,” New York World, November 29, 1911.
24. CE to ME, July 25, 1911, CEP.
25. SEE in Cherith-Log, 1911, July 1912, EMIIA2.
26. EL, 391–92.
27. IR, “Young as the Dawn,” EMII.
28. Journalism versus Art, 26.
29. “New Masses for Old,” Modern Monthly 8 (June 1934): 292–300; 292.
30. “Part I: My Political History,” EMII.
31. “Editorial Comment,” Masses 4.3 (December 1912): 3.
32. “Editorial Notice,” Masses 4.4 (January 1913): 2.
33. Journalism versus Art, 32–33, 68, 85, 79.
34. E. W. Scripps to Kate Crane Gartz, October 8, 1916, EM.
35. Floyd Dell, “Pagan Missionary on the Left: Dual Personality of Max Eastman Revealed in His Autobiography,” New York Herald Tribune Weekly Book Review, April 11, 1948.
36. John Reed, “The Worst Thing in Europe,” Masses 6.6 (March 1915): 17–18.
37. “One of the Ism-ists,” Masses 4.6 (March 1913): [5].
38. “Paterson Strikers (25,000 of ’em!),” May 23, 1913, EMII.
39. “Feminism—Cooper Union,” EMII. The event, which took place on February 14, 1914, was organized by the People’s Institute, originally founded by Charles Sprague Smith to teach political philosophy to workers and immigrants in New York City.
40. “Procreation,” “Poems and Sketches” [1913–15], EMII.
41. Whitman, “Out of the Cradle Endlessly Rocking” (1859).
42. Philip Larkin, “Dockery and Son” (1964).
43. Enjoyment of Poetry, 61, 83, 133, 152.
44. Enjoyment of Poetry, 197–98; Whitman, Leaves of Grass, section 32.
45. CE to ME, August 1913, CEP.
46. Jack London to ME, May 31, 1931, EM.
47. Close-up of a Digest Writer: Max Eastman Recalls, S-4.
48. IR to ME, June 28, 1913, EMII.
49. IR to ME, June 30, 1913, EMII.
50. IR to ME, July 1, 1913, EMII.
51. Child of the Amazons, 23.
52. Child of the Amazons, 60, 69, 59.
53. Vida M. Scudder, “The Muse and the ‘Causes,’” The Survey (July 5, 1913): 489–90.
54. “Feminism Poeticized,” Minneapolis Journal, June 8, 1913.
55. LR, 434.
56. “A Visitor,” “Poems and Sketches” [1916], EMII; Colors of Life, 56–57.
57. “The timid morn,” “Poems and Sketches” [1913–15], EMII.
58. “To My Maltine with Cod-Liver-Oil,” “Poems and Sketches” [1913–15], EMII.
59. “Exploring the Soul and Healing the Body,” Everybody’s Magazine (June 1915): 741–55; “Mr.-Er-Er Oh! What’s His Name? Ever Say That?” Everybody’s Magazine (July 1915): 90–103.
60. “Mr.-Er-Er,” 96.
61. “Mr.-Er-Er,” 96.
62. “Mr.-Er-Er,” 98.
63. “Mr.-Er-Er,” 99. See Freud’s Psychopathology of Everyday Life: “In former years I observed that of a great number of professional calls I only forgot those that I was to make on patients whom I treated gratis or on colleagues” (trans. A. A. Brill) (New York: Macmillan, 1915, 167).
64. EL, 491.
65. “Summer of 1914: Auto-Analysis,” vol. I, July 30, July 31, EMIIA2. ME’s notes are only incompletely rendered in EL, chapter 59.
66. “Summer of 1914,” vol. I, July 30, EMIIA2.
67. Freud, Three Contributions to the Sexual Theory, trans. A. A. Brill (New York: Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 1910), 20–21.
68. “Summer of 1914: Auto-Analysis,” vol. I, July 30, July 28, 1014; vol. II, August 1, 1914.
69. “Summer of 1914,” vol. II, August 5, 1914.
70. Adra Ash Mann to ME, undated, EMII.
71. “Summer of
1914,” vol. II, August 2, 1914.
72. “Ida Rauh, Helped Create Theatre,” New York Times, March 12, 1970.
73. Robert Károly Sarlós, Jig Cook and the Provincetown Players: Theatre in Ferment (Oxford: University of Mississippi Press, 1982), 18–19.
74. “Provincetown,” “Poems and Sketches” (1913–15), EMII.
75. EL, 271–72.
76. EL, 5.
77. Joseph Freeman, An American Testament: A Narrative of Rebels and Romantics (New York: Farrar & Rinehart, 1936), 246; “Eliena’s Memories of Our Homecoming (1927) and the Ensuing Years,” EMII.
78. Clare Sheridan, My American Diary (New York: Boni and Liveright, 1922), 130.
79. EL, 385–87; “The Masses at the White House,” Masses 8.9 (July 1916): 16–17.
80. “To the People of Chicago,” Chicago Tribune, February 5, 1917, EMII.
81. “Excerpt from My Speech in Detroit on the Eve of the Declaration of War,” April 1, 1917, EMII.
82. “Conscription for What?” Masses 9.9 (July 1917): 8.
83. ME to Local Board, 153, New York City, October 31, 1918; War Department, Local Board 153 to ME, October 15, 1918; War Department Local Board 153, October 16, 1918, EMII.
84. “To the Editors of the Masses,” March 27, 1916, EMII.
85. “To the Editors of the Masses,” March 27, 1916, EMII.
86. “Annual Meeting of the Stockholders of The Masses Publishing Company,” April 6, 1916, EMII.
87. “Editorial Split Mars Harmony on the Masses,” New York World, April 7, 1916.
88. Floyd Dell, Homecoming: An Autobiography (New York: Farrar & Rinehart, 1933), 251.
89. “Bunk about Bohemia,” Modern Monthly 8 (May 1934): 200–208.
90. IR to ME, n.d. (“I am writing this on the train”), EMII.
91. IR to ME, n.d. (“O Max”), EMII. In the absence of dates on most of these notes, I have reconstructed their likely sequence.
92. ME to IR, n.d. (“Dear Ida, I have tried”), EMII.
93. “The Wife of Mr. Eastman Again,” Elmira Morning Telegram, June 11, 1916; “Eastman and Young Indicted a Second Time for Wounding Delicate Feelings of Poor A.P.,” New York Evening Call, January 1, 1914; “Not Guilty of Libel,” New York-Herald, January 1, 1916; “Birth Control Urged Publicly,” New York Evening Call, May 21, 1916; “Mrs. Ida Rauh Eastman Soon to Be Put on Trial,” Elmira Star-Gazette, January 7, 1917.
94. ME to IR, n.d. (“Dear Ida, I have tried”), EMII.
95. IR to ME, February 11, 1918, EMII.
96. ME to IR, February 12, 1918, EMII.
97. IR to ME, n.d. (“I am writing this on the train”), EMII.
Chapter 5. We Were Beautiful Gods
1. LR, 9–11.
2. See Washington Births, Pierce County Register, 1883–1935. Florence called her mother by what was likely her middle name, Caroline. Florence Spitzer’s death certificate, provided by Florence Deshon’s great-nephew Philip Danks, reveals that she was the daughter of Morris (Moritz?) Spitzer and Regina Stein (both from Austria). Certificate of death, May 11, 1944, Department of Health of the City of New York.
3. Twelfth Census of the United States, 1900, Enumeration District 266, sheet 17 (Borough of Manhattan); Thirteenth Census of the United States, 1910, Enumeration District 151 (Bloomfield Town, NJ), Sheet 19. Flora “Danks” is listed as a widow in the 1917 New York City Directory. Personal communication from Philip Danks, June 6, 2015.
4. Max became fond of comparing Florence to a gypsy, a characterization she encouraged, perhaps to obfuscate her Jewish descent. See, for example, “Secrets of the Movies Revealed,” Aberdeen Daily American, June 4, 1920 (“Perhaps you have already suspected that there is something of the gypsy in Florence’s dark-eyed beauty”), and Florence’s own comment: “I am gypsy, partly by blood, mostly by instinct. My mother was a Hungarian gypsy, my father English” (Gordon Brooke, “The Lady of the Square Room,” Picture-Play Magazine 12.2 [April 1920]: [48–49]).
5. LR, 11.
6. ME to FD, February 7, 1917, DM.
7. FD to ME, February 14, 1917, DM.
8. ME to FD, February 16, 1917, DM.
9. ME to FD, May 25, 1917, DM.
10. Geoffrey R. Stone, “Judge Learned Hand and the Espionage Act of 1917: A Mystery Unraveled,” University of Chicago Law Review 70 (2003): 335–58; LR, 61.
11. ME to FD, August 13, 1917, DM.
12. ME to FD, August [?], 1917, DM.
13. ME to FD, August 19, 1917, DM; “5,000 at Pacifist Rally: ‘American Kaisers’ Denounced by Eastman and Others at Chicago,” New York Times, August 20, 1917.
14. ME to FD, August 19, 1917, DM.
15. ME to FD, August 26, August 23, 1917, DM. Leila Faye Secor, the cofounder of the People’s Council, had arranged Max’s 1917 tour (LR, 49).
16. ME to FD, August 23, 1917, DM.
17. ME to FD, August 25, 1917, DM.
18. ME to FD, August 26, 1917, DM.
19. ME to FD, August 28, 1917, DM.
20. ME to FD, August 28, 1917, DM.
21. FD to ME, August 29, 1917, DM.
22. ME to FD, August 29, 1917, DM.
23. “Sweet Lonely Night,” EMII.
24. ME to FD, November 7, 1917, DM.
25. Stone, “Judge Learned Hand”; FD to ME, November 7, 1917, DM.
26. “Indicts the Masses and 7 of Its Staff: Federal Jury Grand Jury Charges Writers and Artists of Socialist Magazine with Conspiracy,” New York Times, November 20, 1917; FD to ME, April 1918 [?], DM.
27. “Editorial,” The Liberator 1.1 (March 1918): 3.
28. LR, 88.
29. Art Young, “Art Young on Trial for His Life,” The Liberator 1.4 (June 1918).
30. Floyd Dell, Homecoming: An Autobiography (New York: Farrar and Rinehart, 1933), 316–17; LR, 96.
31. “To the Twelfth Juror,” Kinds of Love, 6.
32. LR, 122; Art Young, Art Young: His Life and Times (New York: Sheridan House, 1939), 351; Robert Rosenstone, Romantic Revolutionary: A Biography of John Reed (New York: Vintage, 1975), 333.
33. Max Eastman’s Address to the Jury in the Second Masses Trial: In Defense of the Socialist Position and the Right of Free Speech (New York: The Liberator [1918]), 18, 15; LR, 122.
34. ME to FD, December 15, 1918, DM.
35. Colors of Life, 65, 75.
36. Colors of Life, 74, 67–68.
37. “To My Love,” EMII.
38. Colors of Life, 1–2, 26–27, 35.
39. Harriet Monroe, “Comment: A Radical Conservative,” Poetry 13.6 (March 1919): 322–26; Floyd Dell, “Colors of Life,” The Liberator 1.10 (December 1918): 44–50.
40. Colors of Life, inscribed “To my friend Edward Weston. Max Eastman” (author’s collection).
41. FD to ME, February 17, 1919, DM.
42. ME to FD, March 4, 1919, DM. Starring Lillian Gish, Hearts of the World, the story of a romance between an American boy and a French girl who both find themselves faced with the need to kill a German soldier, was made at the request of the British government. The hope was that it might sway Americans in favor of the war. The book Max promised to Griffith was Ward C. Osborne’s The Ancient Lowly: A History of the Ancient Working People from the Earliest Known Period to the Adoption of Christianity by Constantine (Chicago: Kerr, 1907). If Max ever sent the book, it didn’t convert Griffith to socialism.
43. LR, 146–49; Heroes, 185.
44. ME to FD, May 11, 1919, DM.
45. FD to ME, May 12, 1919, DM.
46. FD to ME, May 21, 1919, DM.
47. FD to ME, May 22, 1919, DM.
48. ME to FD, May 16, 1919, DM.
49. LR, 430.
50. ME to FD, May 23, 1919, DM.
51. John Reed and ME, “Two Letters,” The Liberator 1.7 (September 1918): 34.
52. ME to FD, May 26, 1919, DM.
53. ME to FD, May 26, 1919, DM.
54. ME to FD, May 26, 1919, DM.
55. The Sense of Humor, 38, 40.
56. F
D to ME, May 27, 1919, DM.
57. ME to FD, May 29, 1919, DM.
58. “Reds in Garden Urge Revolution and Bolsheviks Here,” New York Times, June 21, 1919; “Shows New Theft of State Message,” New York Times, July 19, 1919.
59. ME to FD, July 10, July 14, 1919, DM.
60. FD to ME, July 10, 1919, DM.
61. FD to ME, July 22, 1919, DM.
62. Diana Serra Cary, Jackie Coogan: The World’s Boy King (Lanham, MD: Scarecrow, 2003), 33–36.
63. FD to ME, July 16, August 31, 1919, DM.
64. ME to FD, July 22, 1919, DM. In The Auction Block (1917), a Rex Beach Corporation film directed by Laurence Trimble, Florence played the role of the villainess.
65. FD to ME, July 16, 1919, DM.
66. Thanks to Public Access Coordinator Cassie Blake and Nitrate Curator Melissa Levesque for allowing me to watch The Loves of Letty at the Academy of Motion Pictures Arts and Sciences Film Archive in June 2014.
67. FD to ME, September 4, 1919, DM.
68. FD to ME, August 3, 1919, DM.
69. FD to ME, July 25, 1919, DM.
70. Rob Wagner (1872–1942) was the author of Film Folk (1918) and a fountain of information on the Hollywood industry.
71. “I have such a strange—almost passionate—feeling sometimes when you give me money”; ME to FD, August 13, 1919, DM.
72. FD to ME, July 25, 1919, DM.
73. FD to ME, August 17, 1919, DM. In The Cup of Fury, released in 1920 and now lost, Florence played the role of Polly Widdicombe, the heroine’s friend and “one of the best-dressed women in the world” (according to Rupert Hughes’s novel).
74. FD to ME, September 19, 1919, DM.
75. ME to FD, July [?], 1919, DM.
76. ME to FD, July [?], 1919, DM. George Andreytchine confirmed that “Max saved the life of a little boy and we nearly paid a high price for it” and that, a day later, Max, “being our sailor,” saved their lives during a hurricane (Andreytchine to FD, August 1, 1919, DM).
77. “Editorials,” The Liberator 2.18 (August 1918): 28–30.
78. FD to ME, August 5, 1919, DM.
79. ME to FD, August 9, 1919, DM.
80. Claude McKay to ME, July 28, 1919, MM.
81. “Editorials: Claude McKay”; Claude McKay, “If We Must Die,” The Liberator 2.7 (July 1919): 7, 22; Tyrone Tillery, Claude McKay: A Black Poet’s Struggle for Identity (Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1992), 41–42.
82. ME to FD, August 23, 1919, DM.
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