92. After landing in Haiti only four days after the devastating earthquake in January 2010, I sit in a tent with Haitian Prime Minister Jean-Max Bellerive, Haitian President René Préval, U.S. Ambassador to Haiti Ken Merten, my Counselor and Chief of Staff Cheryl Mills, USAID Administrator Raj Shah, and Lieutenant General Ken Keen to discuss Haiti’s emergency response and recovery.
93. Protesters greet me outside the airport in Port-au-Prince in January 2011, during Haiti’s contested elections a year after the earthquake. Haitians had suffered so much, and they deserved to have their votes counted and a peaceful transfer of power, which is what they finally got.
94. Bill and I are surrounded by Haitian workers at the grand opening ceremony of the new Caracol industrial park in Haiti in October 2012. The Caracol project was the centerpiece of our efforts to restart Haiti’s economy, in keeping with a broader trend in our development work around the world of shifting our focus from aid to investment.
95. Speaking about internet freedom at the Newseum in Washington in January 2010. I put nations such as China, Russia, and Iran on notice that the United States would promote and defend an internet where people’s rights are protected and that is open to innovation, interoperable all over the world, secure enough to hold people’s trust, and reliable enough to support their work.
96. Nearly twenty years after my September 1995 speech in Beijing at the UN’s Fourth World Conference on Women, women’s rights remain “unfinished business” in the 21st century. As Secretary I focused on defending the freedoms enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and making them real in the lives of people all over the world.
97. With Melanne Verveer after swearing her in as the first Ambassador-at-Large for Global Women’s Issues. Melanne helped me weave a “full participation agenda” into the fabric of American foreign policy.
98. One of our first steps in advancing human rights was rejoining the UN Human Rights Council. I address the Council in Geneva, Switzerland, in December 2011, advocating for the rights of LGBT people around the world.
99. In September 2012, I watch from 10,000 miles away in Timor-Leste as Bill delivers the speech that earned him the title “Secretary of Explaining Things” at the Democratic National Convention in Charlotte, North Carolina. There was no CNN and limited internet, but we managed to pull up the video on our Ambassador’s home computer.
100. Deputy Secretaries Tom Nides (left) and Bill Burns and Under Secretary Pat Kennedy (right) join me as I say farewell to the amazing men and women of the State Department on my last day, February 1, 2013. I walked out the same entrance I had entered four years earlier, proud of all the work we had accomplished.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
* * *
* * *
The motto of the Clinton Foundation is “We’re all in this together.” It’s a simple statement of unity in a world full of division. As I’ve discovered, it’s also an apt description of what it takes to write a book. I’m indebted to everyone who helped me through four years at the State Department and more than a year of writing and editing. And the easiest choice I made was to ask Dan Schwerin, Ethan Gelber, and Ted Widmer to become my book team. I could not have been more fortunate as we labored day and night.
Dan Schwerin started with me in the Senate and came to State as one of my speechwriters. He’s been my essential partner, toiling with me over phrases and pages, capturing my thoughts and helping me wrestle them into coherence. He’s not only a talented writer, but also a wonderful colleague. Ethan Gelber is the “indispensable man” who managed a sprawling writing and editing process, making sense of my scribbles, clarifying my memories, and keeping me sane as the drafts piled up. I never could have done it without him. Ted Widmer, an accomplished historian and valued collaborator, offered context and perspective and a much-needed dose of humor and humanity.
Huma Abedin, Cheryl Mills, Philippe Reines, and Jake Sullivan, who gave so much to me and to our country during our years at the State Department, were essential advisors, inspirers, and willing fact-checkers throughout the process. I also relied on the assistance and counsel of Kurt Campbell, Lissa Muscatine, and Megan Rooney, who generously read drafts and offered advice.
Thanks to Simon & Schuster, especially Chief Executive Officer Carolyn Reidy and my publisher and editor, Jonathan Karp. I’ve now done five books with Carolyn, and it was once again a delight. Jonathan, who provided the right combination of encouragement and criticism, has a well-deserved reputation as a caring and constructive editor. I also appreciate the entire team: Irene Kheradi, Jonathan Evans, Lisa Erwin, Pat Glynn, Gina DiMascia, Ffej Caplan, Inge Maas, Judith Hoover, Philip Bashe, Joy O’Meara, Jackie Seow, Laura Wyss, Nicholas Greene, Michael Selleck, Liz Perl, Gary Urda, Colin Shields, Paula Amendolara, Seth Russo, Lance Fitzgerald, Marie Florio, Christopher Lynch, David Hillman, Ellie Hirschhorn, Adrian Norman, Sue Fleming, Adam Rothberg, Jeff Wilson, Elina Vaysbeyn, Cary Goldstein, Julia Prosser, and Richard Rhorer.
Once again, I’m grateful to the incomparable Bob Barnett, my attorney and guide through the publishing world, who was ably assisted by contract attorney Michael O’Connor.
One of the best parts of writing this book was the chance to reconnect and reminisce with friends and colleagues. My thanks to everyone who shared memories, notes, and perspectives, including Caroline Adler, Dan Baer, Kris Balderston, De’Ara Balenger, Jeremy Bash, Dan Benaim, Dan Benjamin, Jarrett Blanc, Johnnie Carson, Sarah Davey, Alex Djerassi, Bob Einhorn, Dan Feldman, Jeff Feltman, David Hale, Amos Hochstein, Fred Hof, Sarah Hurwitz, Jim Kennedy, Caitlin Klevorick, Ben Kobren, Harold Koh, Dan Kurtz-Phelan, Capricia Marshall, Mike McFaul, Judith McHale, George Mitchell, Dick Morningstar, Carlos Pascual, Nirav Patel, John Podesta, Mike Posner, Ben Rhodes, Alec Ross, Dennis Ross, Frank Ruggiero, Heather Samuelson, Tom Shannon, Andrew Shapiro, Anne-Marie Slaughter, Todd Stern, Puneet Talwar, Tomicah Tilleman, Melanne Verveer, Matthew Walsh, and Ashley Woolheater. Also to Clarence Finney and his industrious archivists, and John Hackett, Chuck Daris, Alden Fahy, Behar Godani, Paul Hilburn, Chaniqua Nelson, and the careful reviewers at the State Department and the National Security Council.
I was fortunate to serve alongside a committed senior team: Deputy Secretaries of State Bill Burns, Jack Lew, Tom Nides, and Jim Steinberg, Ambassador to the UN Susan Rice, USAID Administrator Raj Shah, Global AIDS Coordinator Eric Goosby, MCC CEO Daniel Yohannes, and OPIC President and CEO Elizabeth Littlefield.
I will always have a special place in my heart for the entire “S Family,” pictured in photo 10, the dedicated Foreign Service officers and civil servants who take such great care of Secretaries, including Nima Abbaszadeh, Daniella Ballou-Aares, Courtney Beale, Christopher Bishop, Claire Coleman, Jen Davis, Linda Dewan, Sheila Dyson, Dan Fogarty, Lauren Jiloty, Brock Johnson, Neal Larkins, Joanne Laszczych, Laura Lucas, Joe Macmanus, Lori McLean, Bernadette Meehan, Lawrence Randolph, Maria Sand, Jeannemarie Smith, Zia Syed, Nora Toiv, and Alice Wells, as well as the Executive Secretariat and the incredible Line team.
Thanks to the senior leadership of the State Department, USAID, PEPFAR, and MCC, including Dave Adams, Tom Adams, Elizabeth Bagley, Joyce Barr, Rick Barton, John Bass, Bob Blake, Eric Boswell, Esther Brimmer, Bill Brownfield, Susan Burk, Piper Campbell, Philip Carter, Maura Connelly, Michael Corbin, Tom Countryman, Heidi Crebo-Rediker, PJ Crowley, Lou CdeBaca, Ivo Daalder, Josh Daniel, Glyn Davies, Eileen Donahoe-Chamberlain, Jose Fernandez, Alonzo Fulgham, Phil Goldberg, David Goldwyn, Phil Gordon, Rose Gottemoeller, Marc Grossman, Michael Hammer, Lorraine Hariton, Judy Heumann, Christopher Hill, Bob Hormats, Rashad Hussain, Janice Jacobs, Roberta Jacobson, Bonnie Jenkins, Suzan Johnson Cook, Kerri-Ann Jones, Beth Jones, Paul Jones, Declan Kelly, Ian Kelly, Laura Kennedy, Pat Kennedy, Robert King, Reta Jo Lewis, Carmen Lomellin, Princeton Lyman, Dawn McCall, Ken Merten, Steve Mull, Toria Nuland, Maria Otero, Farah Pandith, Nancy Powell, Lois Quam, Stephen Rapp, Julissa Reynoso, Anne Richard, John Robinson, Miguel Rodriguez, Hannah Rosenthal, Eric Schwartz, Barba
ra Shailor, Wendy Sherman, Dan Smith, Tara Sonenshine, Don Steinberg, Karen Stewart, Ann Stock, Ellen Tauscher, Linda Thomas-Greenfield, Arturo Valenzuela, Rich Verma, Phil Verveer, Jake Walles, Pamela White, and Paul Wohlers.
I want especially to single out the brave and dedicated Diplomatic Security officers who kept me and our people safe around the world. During my tenure, my DS teams were led by Fred Ketchum and Kurt Olsson.
Throughout this journey, a committed band of tireless aides and advisors has supported the book and all the rest of my work while I raced to finish. Thanks to Monique Aiken, Brynne Craig, Katie Dowd, Oscar Flores, Monica Hanley, Jen Klein, Madhuri Kommareddi, Yerka Jo, Marisa McAuliffe, Terri McCullough, Nick Merrill, Patti Miller, Thomas Moran, Ann O’Leary, Maura Pally, Shilpa Pesaru, Robert Russo, Marina Santos, Lona Valmoro, and Rachel Vogelstein.
Thanks again to President Obama for putting his trust in me and giving me the chance to represent our country, and to Vice President Biden and the National Security Council staff for their partnership.
Finally, thanks, as always, to Bill and Chelsea for a year’s worth of patient listening and careful reading of draft after draft, helping me distill and explain four jam-packed years. Once again, they gave me the invaluable gifts of their support and love.
HILLARY RODHAM CLINTON served as the U.S. Secretary of State from 2009 to 2013 after nearly four decades in public service as an advocate, attorney, First Lady, and Senator. She is the author of several bestselling books, including her memoir Living History, and her groundbreaking work on children, It Takes a Village.
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INDEX
* * *
* * *
Abbas, Mahmoud (Abu Mazen):
as Arafat’s successor, 309, 472
and cease-fire, 482–83
Chris Stevens remembered by, 406
and Gaza, 472, 474, 482–83
and Goldstone Report, 318
and Palestinian statehood, 311, 326, 328, 482–83
and peace process, 301–2, 309–11, 312, 313, 316, 318–19, 322, 323–28
and settlement construction, 316, 318, 319, 328
and West Bank, 309–11, 322
Abbaszadeh, Nima, 599
Abdelfattah, Ragaei Said, 384
Abdullah, Abdullah, 143, 144
Abdullah, King of Saudi Arabia, 314, 315, 334, 353–54, 453
Abdullah II, King of Jordan, 323, 333, 350–51
Abe, Shinzo, 571
Abedin, Huma, 2, 11, 15, 49, 348–49, 354, 355, 597
Abedin, Saleha, 354
Aboul Gheit, Ahmed, 341–42, 344
Acheson, Dean, 20–21, 31–32
Acheson, Eldie, 20
Action Group on Syria, 457–59
Adams, Dave, 599
Adams, Gerry, 224
Adams, Henry, 13
Adams, Tom, 599
Adler, Caroline, 598
Afghan High Peace Council, 168
Afghanistan:
and al Qaeda, 146, 148, 153, 175, 188, 461
Bush Administration focus on, 43, 132, 137, 142
Coalition forces in, 159, 199, 374
COIN in, 138
Constitution of, 151, 152, 153, 158, 167
corruption in, 145, 149
economic development in, 149, 155–56, 167
ending war in, 150–51, 162, 164–67
geography of, 130
international conferences on, 153, 166
international contact group in, 140
and Iran, 140, 419, 422
nation-building in, 138
NATO forces in, 133, 140, 159, 198, 213, 422
Northern Alliance in, 131, 154
Northern Distribution Network, 237–39
Pakistani border with, 131–32, 146, 155–56, 171, 198, 199, 233, 237
Soviet withdrawal from (1989), 21, 131, 147, 178, 186, 233, 461, 537
Special Operations in, 193
supply lines to, 231, 233, 237–39, 243
Taliban in, 130–32, 133, 138, 141, 143, 145, 148, 152, 153–55, 163–64, 175, 537
terrorism in, 188–89, 418
trade with Pakistan, 155–58
training local soldiers in, 462, 463
transition in, 45, 145, 147, 159, 166, 167
troops coming home from, 148–49, 199, 237
troop surges in, 129–30, 131–35, 138, 140, 147, 153, 159
USAID in, 141
U.S.–led invasion of, 131, 175
U.S. security interests in, 137
war in, 25, 73, 129, 142, 145, 147, 150–51, 156, 162, 164–67, 364
women’s rights sought in, 152–53, 158, 562, 569
Afghan National Security Forces, 132, 146, 166
AFL-CIO, 517
Af-Pak, 132; see also Afghanistan; Pakistan
Africa, 269–99
agriculture in, 278–79
and China, 270–72, 276, 288
conflict and chaos in, 279
corruption in, 272, 276, 277, 281
and democracy, 272, 273, 277
economic growth in, 269–70
HIV/AIDS in, 291–93, 295, 537
natural resources in, 270–71
and resource curse, 277, 522
U.S. relationship with, 269–72, 277–78
wildlife trafficking in, 467, 468, 469
women’s work in, 568
see also specific nations
African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA), 276
African Union, 200, 271, 272, 296
and Somalia, 287, 288, 289
and South Sudan, 283
surveillance drones of, 289
Agha-Soltan, Neda, 548
Ahmadinejad, Mahmoud, 419, 421, 422, 424, 428, 431, 441, 442, 580
Aiken, Monique, 600
Air Force One, 39, 592
Ai Weiwei, 63
Akihito, Emperor of Japan, 47
Alaska:
and global warming, 502, 503, 506
purchase of, 14
Albright, Madeleine, 31, 55, 63, 68, 104, 419, 560, 567
Algeria, jobs in, 507–8, 516
Ali, Nujood, 336
Aliyev, Ilham, 240
Al Jazeera, 318, 452, 475
Alliance of Small Island States, 497
Al-Nahyan, Crown Prince Mohammed bin Zayed, 335
Al-Nahyan, Sheikh Abdullah bin Zayed (AbZ), 357, 358–59, 368, 373, 376
al Qaeda, 340, 351, 386
and Afghanistan, 146, 148, 153, 175, 188, 461
counterterrorism against, 188–90
drone strikes against, 183–84
and Islamist extremists, 473
kidnapping for ransom, 200
in Pakistan, 138, 148, 164, 171, 183, 186–87
and propaganda, 201
and September 11 attacks, 132, 148, 163, 171, 172–74, 175, 183, 197
and “Sunni Awakening,” 136
and Syria, 450, 469
and Taliban, 131, 151, 158, 163, 164
U.S. embassies bombed (1998) by, 131, 171, 383, 406
U.S. intelligence about, 199
Al Shabaab, 175, 199, 278, 286–89, 290, 467
al-Zawahiri, Ayman, 200
Amado, Luís, 372
Amendolara, Paula, 598
> American Airlines, 516
American Israel Public Affairs Committee, 320
Americans with Disabilities Act, 560
Amorim, Celso, 261, 431
Amr, Mohamed, 477–78, 484, 486
Angola, oil from, 276, 440
Annan, Kofi, 447, 452, 454–59, 470
Ansar al-Sharia, 395, 404
APEC (Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation), 44, 112, 243
Aquino, Benigno III, 60
Arab Human Development Report, 332
Arab-Israeli War (1948), 325
Arab League, 314
and Libya, 213, 357, 367–68, 370, 371, 376
and Syria, 449–50, 452, 454
Arab Peace Initiative (2002), 314, 315
Arab Spring, 49, 121, 200, 227, 272, 331–62, 472, 475
and Persian Gulf nations, 351–60
protests in Egypt, 338, 339–46, 347–49, 355, 364, 386
protests in Tunisia, 334, 337, 338, 355, 360, 364
and transitions to democracy, 360–62
U.S. policy debates in, 339, 360
Arafat, Yasser, 303, 304, 309, 311, 312, 324, 338, 472, 482
Arctic Circle:
melting glaciers, 497, 501–3
protection of, 503
and Russia, 239, 503
Arctic Council, 502–3
Arias, Óscar, 266–67
Aris, Michael, 103
Armenia:
and Azerbaijan, 219, 240
independence of, 219
and Turkey, 218–20
ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations), 44, 46, 52, 76, 78, 121
U.S.–ASEAN Leaders Meeting, 113
Hard Choices Page 77