33 Dale Kramer, “Fall of Japan,” in “Yank,” the GI Story of the War, 291.
34 MacArthur, Reminiscences, 275-77.
EPILOGUE: REMEMBERING
1 Sweeney, War’s End, 247.
2 Tibbets, Enola Gay, 240-45.
3 Sweeney, War’s End, 257.
4 Tibbets, Enola Gay, 243; Tibbets interview.
5 Bob Greene, Duty: A Father, His Son, and the Man Who Won the War (New York: William Morrow, 2000), 19-20.
6 Tibbets, Enola Gay, 8.
7 The Committee for the Compilation of Materials on Damage Caused by the Atomic Bombs in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Eisei Ishikawa, trans., and David L. Swain, Hiroshima and Nagasaki: The Physical, Medical, and Social Effects of the Atomic Bombings (New York: Basic Books, 1981), 6.
8 Takashi Nagai, The Bells of Nagasaki (Tokyo: Kodansha International, 1984), 6, 1 14-18.
9 Jones, WW II, 255-56.
10 Halloran interview: Chester Marshall with Ray “Hap” Halloran, Hap’s War: The Incredible Survival Story of a P.O.W. Slated for Execution (Collierville, Tenn.: Global Press, 1998).
Abe, Chief Petty Officer, 43
A-bomb:
Fat Man Mission of, 349-70
see also atomic bombs
Acheson, Dean, 8
Adair, William, 321
Adams, Phelps, 294-96
Adams, William C., 135
Admiralty Islands, 34, 129
Adrian, Louie, 251
African-Americans, 135-36, 170, 252
Afrika Korps, 84
Agno River, 196
aid stations, 149
aircraft carriers, 35, 297
Air Force, U.S., creation of, 214
Aitape, 129, 158
Akagi, 12-13, 16, 42, 43
Alamogordo Air Force Base, 336
Albacore, 138
Albert, Eddie, 111, 118
Albrecht, Karl, 105
Aleutian Islands, 21, 87-88, 282
Alexander, Joseph H., 100
Algeria, 84
Algiers, 84
Alligators, see Landing Vehicles, Tracked (LVT)
Amano, Masakazu, 332
Ambrose, Stephen E., 277n
American II Corps, 85
amphibian tractors, 98, 104
Amphibious Task Force, 94, 104
amphibious warfare, 19, 94, 96, 97, 98, 125
Anderson, Andy, 248-49
Anderson, James F., 13-14
Angaur, 181
Antwerp, 210
Apra Harbor, 210
Arisan Maru, 317
Arizona, USS, 13-14, 15, 17
Army, Japanese Imperial, 3
Army, U.S., 15, 78, 93, 97, 144, 274
in Aleutians, 87-88
in New Guinea, 80, 81
on Okinawa, 274, 299-302, 305, 307-8, 310, 311
in Saipan, 136, 144-45
Army Air Force, 130, 210-11, 330
Army Forces, Far East, U.S., 7
Arnold, Henry Harold “Hap,” 93n, 130, 214, 215, 220, 227, 329
artillery fire, 173
on Saipan, 133, 149
Asa Kawa river, 300
Ashworth, Frederick L., 333-34, 349-50, 351, 352, 353-54, 355-58, 361
Associated Press, 264
Atlantic, Battle of the, 85-86
Atlantic Monthly, 223, 316
atomic bombs, 206, 227-28, 330, 365n
decision to use, 339
diplomacy of, 348
effects of, 344-47
Hiroshima dropping of, 339-43
momentum for using, 330-31
target list for, 336
see also A-bomb
atrocities, 25, 70-71, 72, 88, 157, 235, 324-25, 364
on Bataan Death March, 26-30, 206
in Philippines, 201
in treatment of Japanese prisoners, 70-71
see also beheadings; mutilations; prisoners of war
Attu, 87
Australia, 33, 34, 45
B-17 Flying Fortress, 6-7, 22, 211
B-29s, 211-14, 217, 243-44, 333
Chengt Valley bases of, 214-15
crews of, 213, 221, 239-40
first attack on Japan by, 214-15
tail gunner of, 213
Tokyo bombings by, 215-18
B-29 Superfortress, 130, 151
bacteriological warfare, 364
Bailey, Kenneth, 74
Baka bombs, 226, 226, 287-88
Balanga, Philippines, 28
Baldwin, Hanson, 52, 70, 105, 198
Balikpapan Bay, 33
banzai charges, 70, 116, 150, 157
on Saipan, 146-47
Barbey, Daniel “Uncle Dan,” 94
Barnes, Philip M., 352
Bataan, 19-30, 69
POWs captured on, 27
surrender to Japanese on, 24
Bataan Death March, 25-30, 197, 201, 317, 318, 322
atrocities of, 26-30, 206
losses on, 29-30
map of, 20
bats, 256
battlefield surrenders, 312n
Beahan, Kermit, 353, 354-55, 357, 359, 360-61
Beck, Richmond, 151
Begay, Thomas H., 251, 268
beheadings, 29, 70, 151
Beiden, Jack, 47
Bell’s palsy, 215
Benevolence, USS, 370
Benny, Jack, 306
Beres, Art, 65-66
Bergerud, Eric, 128
beriberi, 322
Berlin, bombing of, 234
Betio, 101-17, 101
coral reef of, 104
correspondents on, 105-6, 118
declared secured, 117
film documentary on, 105
fortification of, 102-3
Japanese garrison on, 101-3
Marine casualties in, 110
Marines in, 104-11, 121, 123
Navy bombardment of, 103-4, 111
Biak, 91, 128, 158-59
Biel, Raymond, 335
Bilibid, 318
Bismarck Archipelago, 34
Bismarck Sea, Battle of the, 88
Bix, Herbert P., 9, 332, 337
Bletchley Park, 85
Block, Harlon, 262, 273
Bloody Nose Ridge, 169, 173-76
Bloody Ridge, 73-74
Bock, Fred, 348, 356, 357
Bockscar, 348, 349-50, 350, 352, 353, 354, 358, 359, 360, 361
“bombes,” 85
Booth, Maynard, 320, 321
Borneo, 2, 8, 33, 34
Bougainville, Solomon Islands, 61, 88, 90, 99, 128
Boyne, Walter, 37
Bradley, John, 262
Bradley, Omar N., 85
Brady, Mathew, 122
Brantley, Hattie, 26
bravery, 68
Japanese suicidal, 70
Brazil Maru, 321
Brines, Russell, 235-36
British Chiefs of Staff, 93n
Brougher, William E., 24
Brown, Cozy Stanley, 268
Buck, John P., 59-60
Buck, Pearl, 6
Buckner, Simon Bolivar, Jr., 282, 299, 312
Buell, Hal, 264
Bulge, Battle of the, 373
Bulkeley, John D., 24
Buna, 78, 80-81, 82, 83, 86, 121
Bunker Hill, 294-96, 295
Burger, Knox, 223-25, 229-31
Burma, 5, 314-17
Japanese seizure of, 2
new Ledo road in, 315-16
U.S. retreat from, 46-47
Burma Road, 46-47, 315-16, 315
Burris, Luis M., 202-5
Bush, George H. W., 324
bushido, 25, 332
Byrnes, Jimmy, 337, 362
Cabanatuan, 196-97
Cactus Air Force, 53
California, USS, 15
Callaghan, Daniel J., 54, 55, 61
Campbell, Bob, 262-63
Camp O’Donnell, 26, 29, 201, 206
deaths in, 30
Camranh Bay, 8
cannabalism, 83, 129
Canton, 32
Capa, Robert, 124, 125
Capas, Philippines, 29
Cape Esperance, 76
Cape Gloucester, 90, 91, 163
Carlson, Evans, 117
Caroline Islands, 93, 244
Caron, George “Bob,” 341, 343
carrier task force, 45, 100
Cartwheel, 88
Casablanca Conference, 84
Cavalla, 138
cave operations, 140-42, 177
censors:
government, 120-21
military, 121
Central Pacific, 93, 94, 97, 125, 245
geography of, 96
Nimitz offensive in, 125, 140
small size of islands in, 96-97
storm landings in, 100
Chamberlin, William, 112-13, 135
Chambers, Justice M., 158
Chamorros people, 142
Chapin, John C., 133-34, 137-38, 143
Cheek, Chief Yeoman, 60-61
Chengt Valley, B-29 bases in, 214-15
Chennault, Claire, 6, 46
Chiang Kai-shek, 3-4, 6, 46, 130, 315
Chicago Times, 152, 253
Chichi Jima, 324
China, 2, 3, 6, 34, 35, 46, 161, 363
isolation of, 47
Japanese Army in, 314-15
Japanese invasion of, 3-5,8
and Japanese reprisal for Doolittle raid, 36-37
Chindits, 316
Choiseul, 61
chromium, 6
Churchill, Winston S., 8, 23, 77, 98, 123, 156, 314, 337
Casablanca Conference and, 84
Ciardi, John, 217-18, 219-20, 222-23, 235, 329
citizen suicide units, 332
Clark, Joseph “Jocko,” 139
Clark, Mark, 124-25
Clark, William Sanders, 243-44, 245, 246, 247, 250, 251-52, 256, 272, 274, 275
Clark Airfield, Philippines, 21, 22
coal, 3
codebreaking, 7, 85
code-talkers, 267-68, 269
combat fatigue, 149, 178
Combined Chiefs of Staff, 93n 161, 93n, 161, 162
Combined Fleet, 159
Comfort, USS, 296-97
“comfort girls,” 257
Congress, U.S., 17
Cook, Hauko Taya, 156
Cooke, Bob, 275
coral caves, 168
Coral Comes High (Hunt), 167
coral islands, 96, 130
coral reefs, 96, 98
Coral Sea, Battle of the, 37-38, 39-40
“cornered rat defense,” 258
Coronet, Operation, 330
corpsmen, as targets, 254
Corregidor, Philippines, 22-23, 24-25, 37, 199, 368
correspondents:
on Betio, 105-6, 118
reports from, 120
Crider, Linwood, 191-94
Cronin, Walter, 106
Crotty, Norma, 269-70
Crowe, Henry “Jim,” 106-9, 107
wounding at Saipan of, 134-35
Dabrowski, Stanley E., 254
Dace, 187
Daigle, Birdie B., 144
Dai Nippon Teikoku, 3
Darter, 187
Dauntless Dotty, 216
Davis, Elmer, 121
Davis, John C., 238
Davis, Lee, 320
Davis, Ray, 175
Davis, Russell, 169
Daws, Gavan, 325
death ships, 317-22, 318
Dempsey, Jack, 283
dengue, 75
Devereux, James P. S., 31
de Weldon, Felix, 263
Deyo, M. L., 290
Dickinson, Charles E., 42
Dinah Might, 272
D’Natilly, Corporal, 134
Doenitz, Karl, 85-86
Dog Battery, 202
Doolittle, James H., 35-37, 216, 361
Doolittle Raid, 35-37, 38
Doorman, K. W. F., 33
Downfall, Operation, 330
Dresden, 222
DUKW, 98, 98n
Dulag, 191
Dupont, 220
Dutch East Indies,
see Netherlands East Indies
Dutch Harbor, 38
Dworsky, Martha, 198
dysentery, 28, 30, 75, 303-4, 322
Easy Company, 273
Eby, Kerr, 105
Edmundson, James V., 215, 219
Edson, Merritt “Red Mike,” 64, 73, 115, 134-35
Edson Ridge, see Bloody Ridge
Eichelberger, Robert L., 80-81, 82, 83, 158, 195-96, 199, 202, 206
Eighteenth Army, Japanese, 158-59
Eighth Air Force, U.S., 84, 214, 215, 216, 222, 361
Eighth Army, British, 84, 124, 125
Eighth Army, U.S., 195
81st Army Division, 176, 181, 182, 277
82nd Airborne Division, 125
Eisenhower, Dwight D., 23, 84, 86, 125, 181
El Alamein, 84, 86
Eldorado, USS, 246
11th Airborne Division, 195, 199, 202
Ellis, Earl H. “Pete,” 98
England, see Great Britain
Enigma machines, 85
Eniwetok Atoll, 127, 127
Enola Gay, 157, 339-43, 340, 372
Enoura Maru, 321
Enterprise, USS, 15-16, 35, 38, 39, 40, 278, 294-96
Erwin, Henry Eugene “Red,” 236-37
Espìritu Santo, 69
Essex-class carriers, 100
Evans, William R., 319
F6F Hellcat, 100
Fall, Donald, 71
Farquar, David, 226-27
Farrell, Thomas F., 336, 354
Fast Carrier Task Force 58, 183n
see also Task Force 38
Fat Man, 339, 349-70
fear, 218-20
Fears, Newall, 222
Feifer, George, 305
Feiner, Harold, 322
Ferebee, Thomas, 341
Fifth Air Fleet, Japanese, 278, 290
Fifth Air Force, 88
Fifth Army, U.S., 124, 125
Fifth Fleet, U.S., 101, 130, 137-40
5th Marine Division, 247, 250-51, 253, 265
Suribachi assault of, 258-60
51st Defense Battalion Marines, 135
52nd Defense Battalion Marines, 135
Fiji Islands, 63
Filan, Frank, 106, 122
Filipino guerrillas, 160, 201, 203
firebombing, 220-22
fire sticks, 220-37
1st Cavalry Division, 197-98, 199
1st Marine Division:
on Guadalcanal, 49-50, 75
on leave on Mogmog, 279-80
on New Britain, 90
on Okinawa, 276-78, 284-87, 298-307, 310-11
Peleliu and, 163-67, 179
shipped out to Peleliu, 166
First Air Fleet, Japanese, 45
First Mobile Fleet. Japanese, 137-40
503rd Parachute Infantry Division, 129
504th Bomb Wing, 212
509th Composite Group, 333-36, 371
flamethrowers, 140, 143, 145, 258, 260, 307-8, 309
Fleet That Came to Stay, The, 298
Fletcher, Frank Jack, 37, 39, 44, 51, 52, 137
flying ashcans, 251
Flying Tigers, 6, 46
Foggia, 123
Formosa, 3, 22, 161, 183, 244, 287
Forrestal, James, 262
Fort Donelson, 282
Fort McHenry, 264
41st Division, in New Guinea, 81
Foss, Joseph J., 53
Fourteenth Army, Japanese, 22
4th Marine Regiment, 126-27, 247, 283-85
France, 2, 5, 123
forces at Gallipoli, 97
Francis Xavier, Saint, 373
Frank, Benis, 174, 180
Frank, Richard B., 312n
Franklin, USS, 278
French Indochina, 1, 5
frogmen, 122, 248, 249
From Here to Eterni
ty (Jones), 19
Fuchida, Mitsuo, 12-13, 16, 38, 42-43, 44
Fuji, Mount, 222
Fujita, Frank, 366
Fukuoka Camp No. 17, 322-24, 367-68
Fussell, Paul, 365-66
Gagnon, Rene, 262
Galantin, I. J., 208-9
Galeagon, 251
Gallagher, Ray, 355, 356
Gallipoli, 97-98
Galvanic, Operation, 101
Gavutu, 49
Gay, George, 41, 43
Geiger, Roy S., 53, 162, 175, 176
Genaust, Bill, 262-63, 273
George, Harry, 212, 226, 235, 240-42
George C. Clymer, USS, 281
Germany, Nazi, 3, 5, 35, 72, 119, 123, 181, 363
bomber war against, 232-33, 234
declaration of war against U.S. by, 18
Royal Air Force bombed by, 84
surrender of, 55, 246
U.S. offensive in North Africa against, 83-85
Germany, WWI naval blockade of, 3
Ghormley, Robert Lee, 54
Gilbert Islands, 21, 93, 101-17, 107, 117, 129
Gilmore, Allison B., 312n
Gladden, George, 226
Goldsworthy, Robert, 328, 367
Gona, 78, 80
Good Earth, The (Buck), 6
Grabowsky, Leon, 291
Graf, Robert F., 140-41, 143-44
Grant, Ulysses S., 282
Great Artiste, The, 339, 348, 350, 353, 354, 357
Great Britain, 2, 3, 5, 47, 84
embargo against Japan by, 8
forces in Gallipoli, 97
Great Depression, 3
Green Beach, Tarawa, 112, 115
Greene, Bob, 372
Grew, Joseph, 337
Groves, Leslie, 333, 335, 336, 338, 339, 348, 351, 355, 362
Guadalcanal, 37, 48-78, 86, 99, 137, 254
Japanese airfield on, 49
Japanese counterattack on, 51-52, 64-65
Japanese determination at, 74
Japanese evacuation of, 75-76, 83, 100, 118, 119
Japanese losses in, 61, 76
LVTs used in, 104
“mop up” on, 76-77
reinforcements landed on, 61
U.S. losses in, 61, 76, 117
Guadalcanal Diary, 55
Guam, 30-31, 130-31, 137, 151, 209
reconquest of, 151
U.S. airbase on, 209-10
Guillain, Robert, 18, 287, 332
habu snakes, 284
Hachiya, Michihiko, 345-47
Hachiya, Yaeko, 345
Hack, Chet, 261
Halibut, 208
Halloran, Ray “Hap,” 327, 367, 370, 374-75
in Tokyo Zoo, 326
torture of, 325-28
Halmahera, 159
Halsey, William F. “Bull,” 35, 36, 39, 54, 69, 72, 86, 88, 90, 91, 162, 183-84, 186, 189, 298, 329, 366
Hamburg, RAF bombing of, 221-22
handy-billy, 292
Hanley, Fiske, 227, 238, 366-67
Hansell, Haywood S. “Possum,” 211, 243, 274
Japanese aircraft industry targeted by, 215-16
hara-kiri, 147
see also suicide
Harding, Edwin F., 80
Harris, Arthur, 222
Harris, Harold “Bucky,” 175-76
Haru Maru, 318-19
Hatch, Norman, 105, 106, 107-9, 110, 111, 112-13, 121, 134, 262
D-DAYS IN THE PACIFIC Page 48