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INDEX
Adzebill (North Island), 202, 203, 205
aflatoxins, 189–91
Africa, 186
Allen, David Elliston, 48
American Coot, 150
American Goldfinch, 100, 112, 131, 183
American Robin, 138
American Tree Sparrow, 100
American Wood Duck, 99
amino acids, 194–95
Anna’s Hummingbird, 106
antifeeding messages, 5, 12–13, 246, 253
antioxidants, 153–55
Aotearoa, 201
aphids, 230
Archbold Biological Station, 164
Argentina, 67, 188
Arizona, 23, 102–3
Audubon Society, 44, 54, 56
Australia: antifeeding messages, 5, 12–13, 246, 253; bird feeding in, 4–8, 18–21, 66; bird food market, 63; black sunflowers, 60; diseases, 186; motivations for feeding, 251–57; native trees and shrubs, 5–7, 9–10; urban biodiversity, 5–12; wildlife gardening, 5–10
Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC), 20
Australian Magpie, 10–11, 20, 124, 137–42, 167, 197–99
Austria, 66, 70–71, 183
avian pox, 128, 185–86
Baicich, Paul, 37, 73–74
Bailey, Florence Merriam, 44
Baldwin, Dick, 59
Bar-headed Goose, 69
Barker, Margaret, 37, 73
Baxter, Greg, 20
beak and feather disease, 186
Bearhop, Stuart, 148
behavior, 2, 104–6, 160–63
Belgium, 66, 133–34, 144–45
bellbird, 209, 210
Bemis, Alan, 57
berries, 92, 113
Berthold, Peter, 72, 86–87, 90–93, 113–14
biodiversity, 5–12, 18, 129–30, 272–73, 277–78
bird and conservation organizations: antifeeding messages, 5, 12–13, 246, 253; on benefits of feeding, 13; on winter feeding, 72, 76–77, 89; on year-round feeding, 75–82, 86–89, 270. See also specific organizations
birdbaths, 45, 88, 265
Birdcare Standards Association (BSA), 190, 196
Birdcraft (Wright), 44
bird feeding: advice books, demand for, 52–54; continuous (see year-round feeding); debates on, 5, 12–14, 27–29; global scale of, 14–16, 18–27, 37–38, 64–67, 127; “golden rule,” 121, 263, 272; history of, 39–63; impact of (see feeder effect; supplementary feeding studies); importance of, 4, 27–29, 262, 263–65, 277–81; key points, 267–76; numbers of feeders (people), 14–16, 18–27; origins of, 36–39; reasons for (see motivations for feeding); responsibilities of, 193–97; seasonal (see winter feeding); volume of, 127, 267–68. See also feeding devices; organized feeding; spontaneous feeding
bird food: composition of, 151–55; preferences, 61–62, 127, 264, 273–75; quality of, 187–93, 269; types of, 273–74. See also bread; insect foods; meat; natural foods; peanuts; scraps; seed mixes; seeds; sunflower seeds
bird food industry, 31–35; advertising and marketing, 55, 63, 266; emotional marketing, 55, 261; global markets, 35–36, 63–67; history of, 13, 35, 55–57; influence of, 268–69; mail order catalogs, 84–85; products, 33, 55–63, 127–28, 188–93; spending in, 26–27; support for year-round feeding, 78–80, 83–89. See also feeding devices; seed mixes
Bird-Lore magazine, 44, 55
bird-protection laws, 42, 44
bird reserves, 54
Birds and People (Cocker), 39
birds of paradis
e, 215, 242
birds of prey, 132, 183, 203, 233–38
Birds of Village and Field (Bailey), 44
bird watching, 56, 242–44, 247
Blackbird, 8, 17, 50, 83, 129, 133, 202
Black-capped Chickadee, 100, 105, 118–19, 156–63
Blackcaps, 32, 113–16
black sunflower seeds, 58–60, 84, 130– 31, 152, 194, 273
Black Woodpecker, 69
Blount, Jon, 148
Blue Tit, 82, 89, 129, 132, 134, 136, 144–46, 148–51, 153, 154, 162, 185, 238
Bonter, David, 100–102, 104–6, 109, 116
Borneo, 38
Boutin, Stan, 143, 168
bowerbirds, 215
Bower’s Shrike-Thrush, 242
Bowman, Reed, 164–65
Brambling, 182
Brazil, 67, 188
bread, 26, 130, 197
breeding: food supply and, 138–39, 142–51; nutrients and, 153–54, 274; singing and, 161–63; supplemental feeding and, 144–51, 164–65, 169–70, 210–11, 219–25, 230–33; timing of, 147–51, 225–27
Brehm’s Tiger Parrots, 38
Bridled Honeyeaters, 242
Brisbane, Australia, 5, 18–20
Britain Goes Wild (BBC), 88
British Columbia, 106
British Ecological Society, 144
British Gibraltar, 67
British Trust for Ornithology (BTO), 61, 181; Blackcap study, 112–16; The Nunnery, 79–82; position on year-round feeding, 76–77, 86–87; research on motivations for feeding, 249, 253. See also Garden BirdWatch
Brittingham, Margaret Clark, 105, 118, 121–23, 157–59
brood size, 150–51
BTO News Magazine, 80
Bullfinch, 182
Bush Wren, 205
butcherbirds, 8, 10, 197
buzzard, 236
calcium, 195, 198, 199, 274
California, 106
Callahan, David, 45, 47
callistemons, 6
Canada, 66, 73–75, 94, 106
Canada Goose, 107
Cannon, Andrew, 19
Cardiff survey, 15–16, 75
cardinals, 102–3
Cargill, 58–59
carnivores, 10, 63. See also insect foods; meat
Carolina Wren, 102, 104