Appaloosas can be any solid base color, but the gorgeous blanket of spots that sometimes cover the entire horse identifies the special breed. Those spotted markings are not the same as pintos or the “dapple grays” and some other horse colors. For a horse to be registered as a pureblood Appaloosa, it also has to have striped hooves, white outer coat (sclera) encircling its brown or blue eyes, and mottled (spotted) skin around the eyes and lips. The Appaloosa is one of the few breeds to have skin mottling, and so this characteristic is a surefire way of identifying a true member of the breed.
In 1983, the Appaloosa Horse Club in America decided to limit the crossbreeding of Appaloosas to only three main confirmation breeds: the Arabian, the American Quarter horse, and the Thoroughbred. Thus, the Appaloosa color breed also became a true confirmation breed as well.
If you want your neighbors to turn their heads your way when you ride past, then look for a well-trained Appaloosa. Most registered “Apps” are 15 hands or shorter but are full of muscle and loaded with spots. Sometimes, though, it takes several years for an Appaloosa’s coat to mature to its full color. So if it’s color you’re looking for, shop for a seasoned App!
The Pinto
The American Pinto breed has its origins in the wild Mustang of the western plains. The seventeenth and eighteenth century Native Americans bred color into their “ponies,” using them for warhorses and prizing those with the richest colors. When the “Westward Ho” pioneers captured wild Mustangs with flashy colors, they bred them to all different breeds of European stock horses. Thus, the Pinto has emerged as a color breed, which includes all different body shapes and sizes today.
The Pinto Horse Association of America was formed in 1956, although the bloodlines of many Pintos can be traced three or four generations before then. The association doesn’t register Appaloosas, draft breeds, or horses with mule roots or characteristics. Today more than 100,000 Pintos are registered throughout the U.S., Canada, Europe, and Asia.
Pintos have a dark background with random patches of white and have two predominant color patterns:
1. Tobiano (Toe-bee-ah’-no) Pintos are white with large spots of brown or black color. Spots can cover much of the head, chest, flank, and rump, often including the tail. Legs are generally white, which makes the horse look like he’s white with flowing spots of color. The white usually crosses the center of the back of the horse.
2. Overo (O-vair’-o) Pintos are colored horses with jagged white markings that originate on the animal’s side or belly and spread toward the neck, tail, legs, and back. The deep, rich browns or blacks appear to frame the white. Thus, Overos often have dark backs and dark legs. Horses with bald or white faces are often Overos. Their splashy white markings on the rest of their body make round, lacy patterns.
Perhaps you’ve heard the term paint and wonder if that kind of horse is the same as a Pinto. Well, amazingly, the two are different breeds! A true Paint horse (registered by the American Paint Horse Association) must be bred from pureblood Paints, Quarter Horses, or Thoroughbreds. The difference in eligibility between the two registries has to do with the bloodlines of the horse, not its color or pattern.
So if you’re shopping for a flashy mount and you don’t care about a specific body type of horse, then set your sites on a Pinto or Paint. You might just find a well-trained registered or grade horse that has the crazy colors you’ve been dreaming about for a very long time!
The Palomino
No other color of horse will turn heads his way than the gorgeous golden Palomino. While the average person thinks the ideal color for a Palomino is like a shiny gold coin, the Palomino breed’s registry allows all kinds of coat colors as long as the mane and tail are silvery white. A white blaze can be on the face but can’t extend beyond the eyes. The Palomino can also have white stockings, but the white can’t extend beyond the knees. Colors of Palominos can range from a deep, dark chocolate to an almost-white cremello. As far as body confirmation, four breeds are strongly represented in crossbreeding with the palomino today: the American Saddlebred, Tennessee Walker, Morgan, and Quarter Horse.
No one is sure where the Palomino came from, but it is believed that the horse came from Spain. An old legend says that Isabella, queen of Spain in the late fifteenth century, loved her golden horses so much she sent one stallion and five mares across the Atlantic to start thriving in the New World. Eventually those six horses lived in what is now Texas and New Mexico, where Native Americans captured the horses’ offspring and incorporated them into their daily lives. From those six horses came all the Palominos in the United States, which proves how adapt-able the breed is in different climates.
Today you can find Palominos all over the world and involved in all kinds of settings from jumping to ranching to rodeos. One of their most popular venues is pleasing crowds in parades, namely the Tournament of Roses Parade in Pasadena, California, every New Year’s Day.
Perhaps you’ve dreamed of owning a horse that you could be proud of whether you are trail riding on a dirt road, showing in a Western Pleasure Class, or strutting to the beat of a band in a parade. If that’s the case, then the Palomino is the horse for you!
If you’re shopping for the best in bloodlines, look for a horse that has a double registry! With papers that show the proper bloodlines, an Appaloosa Quarter Horse can be double registered. Perhaps you’d like a Palomino Morgan or a Pinto Tennessee Walker?
Who Can Ride a Horse ?
As you have read this book about Skye, Morgan, and some of the other children with special needs, perhaps you could identify with one in particular. Do you have what society calls a handicap or disability? Do you use a wheelchair? Do you have any friends who are blind or have autism? Do you or your friends with special needs believe that none of you could ever ride a horse?
Although Keystone Stables is a fictitious place, there are real ranches and camps that connect horses with chil-dren just like Skye and Morgan, Sooze in book two, Tanya in book three, Jonathan in book four, Katie in book five, Joey in book six, and Wanda in book seven. That special kind of treatment and interaction has a long complicated name called Equine Facilitated Psychotherapy (EFP.)
EFP might include handling and grooming the horse, lunging, riding, or driving a horse-drawn cart. In an EFP program, a licensed mental health professional works together with a certified horse handler. Sometimes one EFP person can have the credentials for both. Whatever the case, the professionals are dedicated to helping both the child and the horse learn to work together as a team.
Children with autism benefit greatly because of therapeutic riding. Sometimes a child who has never been able to speak or “connect” with another person, even a parent, will bond with a horse in such a way that the child learns to relate to other people or starts to talk.
An author friend has told me of some of her family members who’ve had experience with horses and autistic children. They tell a story about a mute eight-year-old boy who was taking therapeutic treatment. One day as he was riding a well-trained mount that knew just what to do, the horse stopped for no reason and refused to budge. The leader said, “Walk on” and pulled on the halter, but the horse wouldn’t move. The sidewalkers (people who help the child balance in the saddle) all did the same thing with the same result. Finally, the little boy who was still sitting on the horse shouted, “Walk on, Horsie!” The horse immediately obeyed.
So the good news for some horse-loving children who have serious health issues is that they might be able to work with horses. Many kids like Morgan, who has cerebral palsy, and blind Katie (book five) actually can learn to ride! That’s because all over the world, people who love horses and children have started therapy riding academies to teach children with special needs how to ride and/or care for a horse. Highly trained horses and special equipment like high-backed saddles with Velcro strips on the fenders make it safe for kids with special needs to become skilled equestrians and thus learn to work with their own handicaps as they never have b
een able to do before!
A Word about Horse Whispering
If you are constantly reading about horses and know a lot about them, you probably have heard of horse whisper-ing, something that many horse behaviorists do today to train horses. This training process is much different than what the majority of horsemen did several decades ago.
We’ve all read Wild West stories or seen movies in which the cowpoke “broke” a wild horse by climbing on his back and hanging on while the poor horse bucked until he was so exhausted he could hardly stand. What that type of training did was break the horse’s spirit, and the horse learned to obey out of fear. Many “bronco busters” from the past also used whips, ropes, sharp spurs, and painful bits to make the horses respond, which they did only to avoid the pain the trainers caused.
Thankfully, the way many horses become reliable mounts has changed dramatically. Today many horses are trained, not broken. The trainer “communicates” with the horse using herd language. Thus, the horse bonds with his trainer quickly, looks to that person as his herd leader, and is ready to obey every command.
Thanks to Monty Roberts, the “man who listens to horses,” and other professional horse whispering trainers like him, most raw or green horses (those that are just learning to respond to tack and a rider) are no longer broken.
Horses are now trained to accept the tack and rider in a short time with proven methods of horse whispering. Usually working in a round pen, the trainer begins by making large movements and noise as a predator would, encouraging the horse to run away. The trainer then gives the horse the choice to flee or bond. Through body language, the trainer asks the horse, “Will you choose me to be your herd leader and follow me?”
Often the horse responds with predictable herd behavior by twitching an ear toward his trainer then by lowering his head and licking to display an element of trust. The trainer mocks the horse’s passive body language, turns his back on the horse, and, without eye contact, invites him to come closer. The bonding occurs when the horse chooses to be with the human and walks toward the trainer, thus accepting his leadership and protection.
Horse whispering has become one of the most accept-able, reliable, and humane ways to train horses. Today we have multitudes of rider-and-horse teams that have bonded in such a special way, both the rider and the horse enjoy each other’s company. So when you’re talking to your friends about horses, always remember to say the horses have been trained, not broken. The word broken is part of the horse’s past and should remain there forever.
Bible Verses about Horses
Do you know there are about 150 verses in the Bible that include the word horse? It seems to me that if God mentioned horses so many times in the Bible, then he is very fond of one of his most beautiful creatures.
Some special verses about horses in the Bible make any horse lover want to shout. Look at this exciting pas-sage from the book of Revelation that tells us about a wonderful time in the future:
“I saw heaven standing open and there before me was a white horse, whose rider is called Faithful and True. With justice he judges and makes war. His eyes are like blazing fire, and on his head are many crowns. He has a name written on him that no one knows but he himself. He is dressed in a robe dipped in blood, and his name is the Word of God. The armies of heaven were following him riding on white horses and dressed in fine linen, white and clean” (Revelation 19:11 – 14).
The rider who is faithful and true is the Lord Jesus Christ. The armies of heaven on white horses who follow Jesus are those who have accepted him as their Lord and Savior. I’ve accepted Christ, so I know that some day I’ll get to ride a white horse in heaven. Do you think he will be a Lipizzaner, an Andalusian, or an Arabian? Maybe it will be a special new breed of white horses that God is preparing just for that special time.
Perhaps you never realized that there are horses in heaven. Perhaps you never thought about how you could go to heaven when you die. You can try to be as good as gold, but the Bible says that to go to heaven, you must ask Jesus to forgive your sins. Verses to think about: “For all have sinned and fall short of the glory of God” (Romans 3:23); “For God so loved the world that he gave his one and only son, that whoever believes in him shall not perish but have eternal life (John 3:16); “For everyone who calls on the name of the Lord will be saved” (Romans 10:13).
Do you want to be part of Jesus’ cavalry in heaven some day? Have you ever asked Jesus to forgive your sins and make you ready for heaven? If you’ve never done so, please ask Jesus to save your soul today.
As I’m riding my prancing white steed with his long wavy mane and tail dragging to the ground, I’ll be look-ing for you!
Glossary of Gaits
Gait – A gait is the manner of movement; the way a horse goes.
There are four natural or major gaits most horses use:walk, trot, canter, and gallop.
Walk – In the walk, the slowest gait, hooves strike the ground in a four-beat order: right hind hoof, right fore (or front) hoof, left hind hoof, left fore hoof.
Trot – In the trot, hooves strike the ground in diagonals in a one-two beat: right hind and left forefeet together, left hind and right forefeet together.
Canter – The canter is a three-beat gait containing an instant during which all four hooves are off the ground. The foreleg that lands last is called the lead leg and seems to point in the direction of the canter.
Gallop – The gallop is the fastest gait. If fast enough, it’s a four-beat gait, with each hoof landing separately: right hind hoof, left hind hoof just before right fore hoof, left fore hoof.
Other gaits come naturally to certain breeds or are developed through careful breeding.
Running walk – This smooth gait comes naturally to the Tennessee walking horse. The horse glides between a walk and a trot.
Pace – A two-beat gait, similar to a trot. But instead of legs pairing in diagonals as in the trot, fore and hind legs on one side move together, giving a swaying action.
Slow gait – Four beats, but with swaying from side to side and a prancing effect. The slow gait is one of the gaits used by five-gaited saddle horses. Some call this pace the stepping pace or amble.
Amble – A slow, easy gait, much like the pace.
Rack – One of the five gaits of the five-gaited American saddle horse, it’s a fancy, fast walk. This four-beat gait is faster than the trot and is very hard on the horse.
Jog – A jog is a slow trot, sometimes called a dogtrot.
Lope – A slow, easygoing canter, usually referring to a western gait on a horse ridden with loose reins.
Fox trot – An easy gait of short steps in which the horse basically walks in front and trots behind. It’s a smooth gait, great for long-distance riding and characteristic of the Missouri fox trotter.
Parts of a Horse
The Western Saddle
Resources for Horse Information
Contained in this Book
Henry, Marguerite. Album of Horses. Chicago: Rand McNally
& Co., 1952.
Henry, Marguerite. All About Horses. New York: Random
House, 1967.
Jeffery, Laura. Horses: How to Chose and Care for a Horse.
Berkley Heights, NJ: Enslow Publishers, Inc., 2004.
Roberts, Monty. The Horses in My Life. Pomfret, VT: Trafalgar
Square Publishers, North, 2004.
Self, Margaret Cabell. How to Buy the Right Horse. Omaha,
NE: The Farnam Horse Library, 1971.
Simon, Seymour. Horses. New York: HarperCollins, 2006.
Sutton, Felix. Horses of America. New York: G.P. Putnam’s
Sons, New York City, 1964.
Ulmer, Mike. H is for Horse: An Equestrian Alphabet. Chelsea,
MI: Sleeping Bear Press, 2004.
Online resources
http://www.appaloosayouth.com/index.html
http://www.shetlandminiature.com/kids.asp
http://www.twhbea.com/youth/youthHome.aspx
Book 1: A Horse to Love
By Marsha Hubler
Softcover ISBN 978-0-310-71792-8
Meet Skye, a troubled foster girl, sent to live with Christian foster parents who intro-duce her to the wonderful world of horses. At Keystone Stables, a special-needs dude ranch in central Pennsylvania, Skye meets Champ, a champion sorrel quarter horse who helps her accept God’s unconditional forgiveness and love. Previously titled as The Trouble with Skye.
Available now at your local bookstore!
Book 3: Southern Belle’s Special Gift
By Marsha Hubler
Softcover ISBN 978-0-310-71794-2
Skye and Morgan have their hands full when a runaway named Tanya Bell becomes a foster girl in the Chambers’ household. It isn’t until Southern Belle, one of the mares, dies giving birth to a foal that Tanya opens up to the love offered from the Chambers’ family. Previously titled as Trouble Times Two.
Coming October 2009
Book 4: Summer Camp Adventure
By Marsha Hubler Softcover ISBN 978-0-310
Softcover ISBN 978-0-310-71795-9
For the summer, Skye and her school friend Chad work at Camp Lackawanna Falls special-needs camp. Skye runs into a brick wall when she tries to teach Jonathan Martin, a young deaf boy, how to ride his horse Buddy western style, while Jonathan insists on riding him English. When Jonathan and Buddy disappear into the mountains, Skye and Chad lead the rescue to find him. Previously titled as Teamwork at Camp Tioga.
Coming October 2009
Book 5: Leading the Way
By Marsha Hubler
Softcover ISBN 978-0-310-71796-6
Skye is especially excited to help Katie Thomas, a girl who went blind in a car accident four years ago. As Skye shares God’s love, Katie’s faith begins to grow, and she gets swept up in the world of horses. After bonding with one horse, a brown-and-white Pinto named Boomerang, Katie soon learns to barrel race and, with Skye’s help, deals with the threat of her parents’ divorce. Previously titled as The Winning Summer.
On the Victory Trail Page 11