Richard Wagner

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Richard Wagner Page 57

by Martin Geck


  Dresdner Anzeiger, 129

  Dresdner Tageblatt, 34

  Dürer, Albrecht (1471–1528): Melencolia I, 253

  Dusapin, Pascal (b. 1955), 110

  Eberhardt’s Allgem. Polizei-Anzeiger, 126

  Eco, Umberto (b. 1932), 259

  Edda (Poetic and Prose), 160, 226. See also Völuspá

  Eike von Repgau (fl. 1209–33): Sachsenspiegel, 300

  Eisenstein, Sergei (1898–1948), 218, 223, 225–27

  Works: Battleship Potemkin, 227; “Incarnation of Myth, The,” 226–27

  Eiser, Otto (1834–98), 388n10

  Eisleben, 2

  Eisler, Hanns (1898–1962), 225

  Elena Pavlovna, Grand Duchess of Russia (1807–73), 93

  Ellis, William Ashton (1853–1919), 156, 172

  Engels, Friedrich (1820–95), 32

  Writings: Communist Manifesto, 162

  Enzensberger, Hans Magnus (b. 1929): Sinking of the Titanic, The, 136

  Escher, Alfred (1819–82), 146

  Essen, 179

  Ette, Wolfram (b. 1966), 213

  Europa, 48

  Fabre, Jan (b. 1958), 90

  Feuerbach, Ludwig (1804–72), 132, 134

  Figaro, Le, 356

  Fleming, Paul (1609–40), 240

  Flimm, Jürgen (b. 1941), 314

  Flotow, Friedrich von (1812–83): Martha, 130

  Fontane, Emilie (1824–1902), 200

  Fontane, Theodor (1819–98), 201, 267

  Writings: L’adultera, 200; Effi Briest, 244

  Forman, Alfred (1840–1925), 154

  Förster, Bernhard (1843–89), 326

  Foucault, Michel (1926–84), 162, 258

  Francis of Assisi (1181/82–1226), 307

  Franco-Prussian War, 311

  Frank, Manfred (b. 1945), 163, 174, 212, 213

  Frankfurt: National Assembly, 129, 130

  Frankfurter Zeitung, 143

  Frantz, Constantin (1817–91), 322

  Freud, Sigmund (1856–1939), 53, 250

  Freyer, Achim (b. 1934), 166, 168

  Freytag, Gustav (1816–95), 267, 289

  Fried, Johannes (b. 1942), xiii Friedrich, Sven (b. 1963), 365

  Friedrich August II, king of Saxony (1797–1854), 128–29

  Friedrich Wilhelm IV, king of Prussia (1795–1861), 103, 130

  Fröbel, Julius (1805–93), 130

  Frommann, Alwine (1800–75), 288

  Furtwängler, Wilhelm (1886–1954), 108, 110, 317

  Gaillard, Karl (1813–51), 5, 72

  Gautier, Judith (1845–1917), xi

  Gay, Peter (b. 1923), 242

  Gazette musicale, 48

  Gegenwart, Die, 289

  George, Stefan (1868–1933), 271

  Gesamtkunstwerk, xvii, 9, 22, 64, 78, 124, 152, 153, 176, 186, 215, 227, 260, 316, 353, 358, 359, 363, 365, 366; and Hegel, 174; in life as well as art, xiii–xiv; Nietzsche’s backing for, 12, 255

  Geyer, Cäcilie. See Avenarius, Cäcilie

  Geyer, Karl (1791–1831), 2

  Geyer, Ludwig (1779–1821), 8; influence on RW’s early life and career, 1–2, 3, 4

  Gfrörer, August Friedrich (1803–61): Critical History of Early Christianity, 320

  Ghent, 170

  Gide, André (1869–1951), 321

  Gießen, 320

  Gilbert, Stuart (1883–1969), 226

  Gluck, Christoph Willibald (1714–87), 151

  Glucksmann, André (b. 1937), 348

  Gobineau, Joseph-Arthur de (1816–82), 170, 322

  Writings: Essay on the Inequality of the Human Races, 170

  Goehr, Lydia (b. 1960), 264, 270

  Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von (1749–1832): and Bach’s Well-Tempered Clavier, 196; friend of Adolf Wagner, 3; friend of Friedrich Wagner, 3; and Mendelssohn, 18; Thomas Mann compares to RW, 161; and Valmy, 135

  Writings: Egmont, 9; Faust, xiv, 3, 31–32, 160, 341, 345; Götz von Berlichingen, 6; Wilhelm Meister, 268

  Gossec, François-Joseph (1734–1829), 358

  Gottfried von Strassburg (fl. 1210), 232, 240, 388n13

  Gounod, Charles (1818–93): La rédemption, 323

  Gozzi, Carlo (1720–1806): Donna serpente, La, 11

  Graf, Max (1873–1958), 53

  grand opera, 25, 30, 33, 38, 42, 43, 49–51, 64, 73, 78, 81, 118, 200

  Graz, 170

  Greek antiquity as an inspiration, 6, 7, 18, 103, 133, 148, 151, 152, 153, 156, 158–59, 161, 224, 359; Greek chorus, 152, 153, 158, 212

  Gregor-Dellin, Martin (1926–88), xi, xiv, 134

  Gregorovius, Ferdinand (1821–91), 268

  Grenzboten, Die, 267

  Grey, Thomas, 251

  Griepenkerl, Wolfgang Robert (1810–68): Musikfest oder die Beethovener, Das, 33

  Grimm, Jacob (1785–1863): Teutonic Mythology, 160

  Gutman, Robert W. (b. 1925), 326

  Halévy, Jacques-Fromental (1799–1862), 24, 48

  Works: Guitarrero, Le, 48; Juive, La, 32, 48; Reine de Chypre, La, 48

  Hamburg: Hamburg Opera, 91, 110, 314, 352

  Hamp, Anton [Pater Petrus], 321

  Hanfstaengl, Franz (1804–77), 198, 228, 318

  Hanover, 34

  Hanslick, Eduard (1825–1904), 176, 186–87, 255, 272, 285

  Härtling, Peter (b. 1933), 254

  Heckel, Emil (1831–1908), 295

  Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich (1770–1831), 148, 163, 348; critique of the individual arts, 173–74

  Writings: Faith and Knowledge, 148

  Heidegger, Martin (1889–1976), 242, 254

  Heine, Ferdinand (1798–1872), 51

  Heine, Heinrich (1797–1856): critical of artistic conditions, 49; and RW, 65–67, 69

  Writings: Aus den Memoiren des Herren von Schnabelewopski, 50, 66, 105; Beiden Grenadiere, Die, 66

  Heine, Mathilde née Mirat (1815–83), 67

  Heisenberg, Werner (1901–76), xiii

  heldentenor, 43

  Hell, Theodor (1775–1856) and Joseph Schubert (1757–1837): Beiden Galeerensklaven, oder Die Mühle von Saint Alderon, Die, 4

  Henry I (“Henry the Fowler”), duke of Saxony and king of East Franconia (ca. 876–936), 100, 101, 102, 105

  Herder, Johann Gottfried (1744–1803), 219

  Herwegh, Georg (1817–75), 162

  Herz, Joachim (1924–2010): on Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg, 269, 270; production of the Ring in Leipzig, 140, 192

  Herzfeld, Gregor (b. 1975), 292

  Herzl, Theodor (1860–1904), 197

  Herzog, Werner (b. 1942), 121

  Herzogenberg, Elisabeth von (1847–92), 329

  Hiller, Antolka née Hogé (1820–96), 43

  Hiller, Ferdinand (1811–85), 43

  Hinrichsen, Hans-Joachim (b. 1952), 216

  Hitler, Adolf (1889–1945): and Lohengrin, 108–10; pact with Stalin, 227; and Rienzi, 31, 40, 197

  Writings: Mein Kampf, 108

  Hoffmann, E. T. A. (1776–1822): admiration for Mozart, 358; friend of Friedrich Wagner, 3; as Hans Sachs-like figure, 271; on “musical painting,” 89; music as the Romantic art par excellence, 54

  Writings: Tomcat Murr, 53; Kreisleriana, 53

  Hoffmann von Fallersleben, August Heinrich (1798–1874), 265

  Hofmann, Leopold Friedrich von (1822–85), 101

  Hofmannsthal, Hugo von (1874–1929), 271, 272

  Works: Der Rosenkavalier, 271

  Hohenasperg, 288

  Hölderlin, Friedrich (1770–1843), 3, 163

  Holtei, Karl von (1798–1880), 30

  Homer (probably 8th century BC): Odyssey, 6

  Horace (65–8 BC), 271

  Hrabanus Maurus (ca. 776–856): Veni creator spiritus, 345

  Hrdlicka, Alfred (1928–2009), 202

  Hübner, Kurt (b. 1921), 161

  Hugo, Victor (1802–85), 136

  Hunt, Graham G., 114

  Ibsen, Henrik (1828–1906), 62

  Impressionism, 352, 356

  Jacobs, Rüdiger, 137


  Janz, Tobias (b. 1974), 182, 295

  Jens, Walter (b. 1923), 270

  Jerusalem, 197

  Jones, Richard (b. 1953), 121

  Joyce, James (1882–1941), 226, 347

  Jugendstil, 337, 362

  Jünger, Ernst (1895–1998), 362

  Jungheinrich, Hans-Klaus (b. 1938), 80

  Kaden, Christian (b. 1946), xiv, 15

  Kaf ka, Franz (1883–1924), 71, 165, 213

  Kaiser, Joachim (b. 1928), xvii, 33

  Kalbeck, Max (1850–1921), 326

  Kant, Immanuel (1724–1804), 130, 308

  Kapp, Julius (1883–1962), 246

  Kaufmann, Jonas (b. 1969), 121

  Keller, Gottfried (1819–90), 154, 267, 272, 289

  Writings: Grüne Heinrich, Der, 272; Hadlaub, 272

  Kerman, Joseph (b. 1924), 124

  Kiem, Eckehard (b. 1950), 217

  Kienzle, Ulrike (b. 1960), 345

  Kietz, Ernst Benedikt (1815–92), 22, 46, 84, 96, 126

  Kind, Friedrich (1768–1843): Weinberg an der Elbe, Der, 4

  Kinderman, William (b. 1952), 343

  Kittler, Friedrich (1943–2011), 309, 315, 365

  Klein, Richard (b. 1953), 213, 362

  Klimt, Gustav (1862–1918), 337, 349, 353

  Knabe, Tilman (b. 1970), 179

  Koch, Max (1855–1931), 106, 107

  Königsberg, 29, 31

  Konwitschny, Peter (b. 1945), 110, 299, 313

  Kościuszko, Tadeusz (1746–1817), 27

  Koselleck, Reinhart (1923–2006), 368n17

  Kossak, Ernst (1814–80), 103

  Koßmaly, Carl (1812–93), 73

  Kramer, Lawrence (b. 1946), 301, 360

  Kristeva, Julia (b. 1941), 347

  Kühnel, Jürgen (b. 1944), 327

  Kupfer, Harry (b. 1935): Bayreuth production of Der fliegende Holländer, 62; Berlin production of Der fliegende Holländer, 53; Berlin production of Parsifal, 327; on the figure of Hans Sachs, 270

  Kurth, Ernst (1886–1946), 217, 249

  Lagarde, Paul de (1827–91), 322

  Langbehn, Julius (1851–1907), 300

  La Spezia, xii, 177, 197

  Lassalle, Ferdinand (1825–64), 267

  Laube, Heinrich (1806–84): friendly with Heine, 66; suggests opera on Tadeusz Kościuszko, 27; and Young Germany, 26

  Laussot, Jessie (1826–1905), 96

  Lay of the Nibelungs, The. See Nibelungenlied

  Lehmann, Lilli (1848–1929), 54

  Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm (1646–1716), 190

  Leipzig: first local production of Faust, 3; Gewandhaus, 9, 19; Leipzig Opera, 140, 192, 269; Leipzig Theater, 3, 10, 169; St. Nicholas’s School, 2; Wagner’s early years in, 1, 2, 28

  leitmotif: in James Joyce, 226; motifs of presentiment and recollection, 113, 152, 154, 182, 296; and myth, 194, 231, 295, 296; as a reflection of the characters’ inner lives, 17, 57, 113, 114, 187, 196, 209, 224, 248, 302, 341–42, 365. See also individual titles in the Index of Works

  Lenbach, Franz von (1836–1904), 262; portrait of Cosima, 2; portrait of RW, 318

  Leonardo da Vinci (1452–1519), 218

  Leroux, Pierre (1797–1871), 136

  Levi, Hermann (1839–1900), 280, 319, 320

  Lévi-Strauss, Claude (1908–2009), 231, 245, 307, 323

  Lewald, August (1792–1871), 48

  Library of Congress, 362

  Lindau, 274

  Linnenbrügger, Jörg, 274

  Linz, 31, 108

  Lippmann, Edmund von (1857–1940), 397n52

  Lippmann, Eduard von (1838–1919), 308

  Liszt, Franz (1811–86): on act 2 of Die Walküre, 201; advanced harmonic writing, 341; Catholic beliefs, 321; champions RW’s works, 51, 61, 108; as correspondent, 5, 17, 36, 44, 51, 60, 61, 74, 75, 110, 113, 160, 176, 201, 202, 216, 232, 233, 235, 236; critical of artistic conditions, 47–48; as “expressionist,” 144; and Josef Rubinstein, 93; on Lohengrin, 119; and RW’s appeal for money, 232; on RW’s harmonic writing, 118–19, 123; and RW’s longing for love, 17, 232, 233, 235; and RW’s love of luxury, 5; on RW’s use of leitmotifs in Der fliegende Holländer, 52–53, 57; as a Saint-Simonian, 49; and the symphonic poem, 55; as victim of repression and censorship, 28

  Works: Am Grabe Richard Wagners, 341; Piano Concerto no. 2 in A Major, 119; “On the Situation of Artists and Their Condition in Society,” 47–48

  Literarische Welt, Die, 123

  Lohengrin (anonymous medieval epic), 105

  Löhr, Friedrich (“Fritz”) (1859–1924), 352

  London: Angelo Neumann’s touring Ring, 162; RW’s visits (1839), 144; (1855), 45; (1877), 303

  Lorenz, Alfred (1868–1939), 184, 272

  Los Angeles: Ebell Club, 124; Los Angeles Opera, 166, 168

  Lourdes, 331

  Lübeck, 106, 240, 269

  Lucerne, 94, 275

  Ludwig II, king of Bavaria (1845–86), 172, 262; as intended recipient of My Life, x, xv, 135; and Levi, 320; and Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg, 265–66, 273, 274–75; and the paternity issue, 2; reads Ring preface, 160; receives scores from RW, 93; RW as political adviser, 104, 265–66; RW’s betrayal of, xiv; and theater reform, 129

  Luther, Martin (1483–1546), 15, 163–64, 280, 294

  Works: Ein feste Burg ist unser Gott, 311

  Lüttichau, Wolf Adolf August von (1785–1863), 100, 130

  Lutz, Johann von (1826–90), 274

  Magdeburg, 23, 26, 29, 135

  Magee, Bryan (b. 1930), 258

  Mahler, Alma (1879–1964), 353

  Mahler, Gustav (1860–1911), 352–54; and Beethoven, 116; and religious subject matter, 344, 345, 353; and the German symphonic tradition, 255

  Works: Symphony no. 1, 344; Symphony no. 2, 345; Symphony no. 4, 344; Symphony no. 8, 345, 353

  Mahnkopf, Claus-Steffen (b. 1962), 183, 251, 302

  Mallarmé, Stéphane (1842–98), 246, 321, 347, 361

  Mann, Erika (1905–69), 216

  Mann, Heinrich (1871–1950): Untertan, Der, 106–8

  Mann, Thomas (1875–1955), 269; and 1909 Bayreuth Parsifal, 331, 337, 353; and 1936 Bayreuth Lohengrin, 108, 110; disagreement with Heinrich Mann, 106–8; on Kundry, 346; and Lohengrin, 106, 107, 108, 109, 119, 122; and narcotic influence of RW’s works, 360; on the Ring, 161, 295; and RW’s alleged dilettantism, 175; on RW’s prose writings, 150; on Tristan und Isolde, 245, 260; understanding of RW, xvii, 220, 253–54, 261; on Wotan’s Farewell, 216, 217

  Works: Buddenbrooks, 175, 362; Clown, The, 175; Confessions of Felix Krull, 154; “Essay on the Theater,” 106; “Nietzsche’s Philosophy in the Light of Contemporary Events,” 362–63; Reflections of a Non-Political Man, 107

  Mannheim, 295

  Marat, Jean-Paul (1744–93), 68

  Marbach, Rosalie née Wagner (1803–37): early career as an actress, 2, 3, 4; influence on RW’s artistic decisions, 10

  Maria Theresa, empress of Austria (1717–80), 271

  Marschner, Heinrich (1795–1861), 11

  Marthaler, Christoph (b. 1951), 240, 257

  Marx, Karl (1818–83), 136, 162, 295, 348

  Writings: Communist Manifesto, 162

  Materna, Amalie (1844–1918), 198

  Mayer, Hans (1907–2001), 401n63; on Lohengrin, 119; on Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg, 271; on Parsifal, 324; on the Ring, 306

  McLuhan, Marshall (1911–80), 87

  Meiningen, 202

  Meißner, Alfred (1822–85), 102–3

  Mendelssohn, Felix (1809–47), 18–20; as “expressionist,” 144; and German nationalism, 265; and Meyerbeer, 18, 43; and RW, 18–20, 92; RW’s alleged jealousy of his genius, 43; search for opera libretto, 32

  Works: Elijah, 20, 370n8; Fingal’s Cave, 19; Overture to A Midsummer Night’s Dream, 11, 18; St. Paul, 19; Soldatenliebschaft, 18

  Mengs, Ismael (1688–1764), 375n37

  Menzel, Adolph von (1815–1905), 290

  Mertens, Volker (b. 1937), 162

  Meser, Carl Friedrich (d
. 1850), 56, 84

  Meyerbeer, Giacomo (1791–1864): as butt of Heine’s attacks, 67; and French grand opera, 24, 30, 33, 38, 48; hears Tannhäuser in Hamburg, 91; helps RW in Paris, 44, 48; historical background of his operas, 38; praised by Griepenkerl, 33; and RW, 38, 43–45, 139; RW’s alleged jealousy of his success, 43; on RW’s operas, 45

  Works: L’africaine, 32; Huguenots, Les, 32, 38, 43, 44, 45, 67; Prophète, Le, 32, 43, 44, 139; Robert le diable, 18, 30, 32, 43, 45, 73

  Meyerhold, Vsevolod (1874–1940), 226

  Meysenbug, Malwida von (1816–1903), 61

  Middle Ages, 72, 74, 82, 102, 104, 105, 111, 132, 160, 307

  Mielitz, Christine (b. 1949), 202

  Milan; Galleria Vittorio Emanuele II, 140

  Mitau (Jelgava), 31

  modern Wagner productions. See Index of Wagner’s Works under Musical Works

  Mondrian, Piet (1872–1944), 176

  Monet, Claude (1840–1926), 176

  Moréas, Jean (1856–1910), 336

  Morgenstern, Christian (1871–1914), 271

  Moscow, 218, 223, 225; Kremlin, 348

  Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus (1756–91), xvi, 151, 176, 182, 185, 277, 358; characterization in his operas, 9, 35; RW’s attitude to, 54

  Works: Don Giovanni, 54; Entführung aus dem Serail, Die, 3; Jupiter Symphony, xvi; Nozze di Figaro, Le, 9, 54, 176, 195; Zauberflöte, Die, 3, 11, 54, 259

  Müller, Heiner (1929–95), 240

  Munich, 121, 129, 172, 198, 228, 265, 319, 320, 321; Der fliegende Holländer in 1864, 61; Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg in 1868, 267, 275; Munich Wagner Society, 325; plans for a festival theater, 294; Das Rheingold in 1869, 186; RW in, 17, 318, 321

  music drama, xvii, 9, 15, 38, 40, 52, 83, 98, 99, 118, 122, 137, 138, 152, 157, 160, 181, 203, 232, 233, 259, 292, 294, 302, 316, 325, 345

  Musil, Robert (1880–1942): The Man without Qualities, 327–28, 361

  myth: and leitmotifs, 194, 231, 295, 296; Norse myth, 133, 137, 156, 160, 162, 300; Oedipus, 151, 160, 224; as the progenitor of the music drama, 34, 60, 138, 149, 308; and RW’s own universal myth, xiii, 8, 17, 137, 158, 160, 161, 163, 174; as “true for all time,” xiv, 151, 161, 162; the turn from history to myth and legend, 71, 111, 132–33. See also Greek antiquity; and individual titles in the Index of Works

  Naples, 93

  Napoleon Bonaparte (1769–1821), 27, 138

  National Socialism, 31, 40, 101, 108, 109, 189, 197, 265, 286, 300, 316, 332, 341

  Nationalzeitung, 323

  Neue Freie Presse, 285

  Neuenfels, Hans (b. 1941), 109, 120, 259

 

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