Aitchison, Jean (1994). Words in the Mind: An Introduction to the Mental Lexicon (second edition). Oxford: U.K.: Blackwell Publishers.
Anderson, Poul (1989). “Uncleftish Beholding”. Analog Science Fiction, 109 (13), pp. 132–135.
Atran, Scott and Douglas L. Medin (2008). The Native Mind and the Cultural Construction of Nature. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.
Benserade, Isaac de (1678). Fables d’Ésope en quatrains dont il y en a une partie au labyrinte de Versailles. Paris: Sébastien Mabre-Cramoisy.
Braitenberg, Valentino (1996). Il gusto della lingua: Meccanismi cerebrali e strutture grammaticali. Merano, Italy: Alpha&Beta.
Brézin-Rossignol, Monique (2008). Dictionnaire de proverbes (second edition). Paris: La Maison du dictionnaire.
Carroll, John B., editor (1956). Language, Thought, and Reality: Selected Writings of Benjamin Lee Whorf. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.
Chiflet, Jean-Loup (1994). Sky! My Husband. Paris: Éditions du Seuil.
Dieudonné, Jean, Maurice Loi, and René Thom (1982). Penser les mathématiques. Séminaire de philosophie et mathématiques de l’École normale supérieure. Paris: Éditions du Seuil.
Festinger, Leon (1957). A Theory of Cognitive Dissonance. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
Flynn, James R. (1987). “Massive IQ gains in 14 nations: What IQ tests really measure”. Psychological Bulletin, 101, pp. 171–191.
————— (2009). What Is Intelligence? Beyond the Flynn Effect. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Gentner, Dedre (2003). “Why we’re so smart”. In Dedre Gentner and Susan Goldin-Meadow (eds.), Language in Mind: Advances in the Study of Language and Thought, pp. 195–235, Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.
Glucksberg, Sam (2001). Understanding Figurative Language: From Metaphors to Idioms. New York: Oxford University Press.
Hofstadter, Douglas R. (1995). “Speechstuff and Thoughtstuff: Musings on the Resonances Created by Words and Phrases via the Subliminal Perception of their Buried Parts”. In Sture Allén (ed.), Of Thoughts and Words: The Relation between Language and Mind (Proceedings of Nobel Symposium 92). London: Imperial College Press.
————— (1997). Le Ton beau de Marot: In Praise of the Music of Language. New York: Basic Books.
Itkonen, Esa (2005). Analogy as Structure and Process. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company.
La Fontaine, Jean de (1668). Fables choisies mises en vers. Paris: Barbin et Thierry.
Langlotz, Andreas (2006). Idiomatic Creativity: A Cognitive-Linguistic Model of Idiom-Representation and Idiom-Variation in English. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Malt, Barbara and Phillip Wolff (2010). Words and the Mind: How Words Capture Human Experience. New York: Oxford University Press.
Morvan de Bellegarde, Jean-Baptiste (1802). Les Cinq Fabulistes ou les Trois Cents Fables d’Ésope, de Lockmann, de Philelphe, de Gabrias et d’Avienus. Paris: Poncelin.
Phædrus (1864). Fables de Phèdre, translated by M. E. Panckoucke. Paris: Garnier Frères.
Pinker, Steven (2007). The Stuff of Thought: Langage as a Window into Human Nature. New York: Viking.
Sapir, Edward (1921). Language: An Introduction to the Study of Speech. New York: Harcourt, Brace.
Schank, Roger C. (1982). Dynamic Memory: A Theory of Reminding and Learning in Computers and People. New York: Cambridge University Press.
————— (1999). Dynamic Memory Revisited. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Sternberg, Robert J. (1994). Encyclopedia of Human Intelligence. New York: Macmillan.
Visetti, Yves-Marie and Pierre Cadiot (2006). Motifs et proverbes. Essai de sémantique proverbiale. Paris: Presses universitaires de France.
Whistle, John Wolf (2000). Sky! Mortimer! Paris: Mots et compagnie.
Chapter 3
The studies by Barsalou explain and explore the notion of ad hoc categories. Schank’s books deal with reminding and the mechanisms responsible for it. The article by Bower deals with the centrality of emotions in reminding, while Kanerva’s book and the articles by Foundalis, by Gentner and her colleagues, by Kahneman and Miller, and by Thagard, Holyoak, Nelson, and Koh concern the mechanisms underlying memory retrieval. The books by Csányi and Horowitz describe the mental life of dogs and the nature of canine categories. The monographs by French and by Mitchell, along with the chapter by Hofstadter and Mitchell, are relevant to our sections on “me too” analogies.
Barsalou, Lawrence W. (1983). “Ad hoc categories”. Memory and Cognition, 11, pp. 211–227.
————— (1991). “Deriving categories to achieve goals”. In Gordon H. Bower (ed.), The Psychology of Learning and Motivation. New York: Academic Press, 27, pp. 1–64.
Bower, Gordon H. (1981). “Mood and memory”. American Psychologist, 36 (2), pp. 129–148.
Csányi, Vilmos (2005). If Dogs Could Talk: Exploring the Canine Mind. San Francisco: North Point.
Foundalis, Harry (2013). “Unification of clustering, concept formation, categorization, and analogy-making”. Technical Report, Center for Research on Concepts and Cognition, Indiana University, Bloomington.
French, Robert M. (1995). The Subtlety of Sameness: A Theory and Computer Model of Analogy-Making. Cambridge. Mass.: MIT Press (Bradford Books).
Gentner, Dedre, Jeffrey Loewenstein, Leigh Thompson, and Kenneth D. Forbus (2009). “Reviving inert knowledge: Analogical abstraction supports relational retrieval of past events”. Cognitive Science, 33 (8), pp. 1343–1382.
Hofstadter, Douglas and Melanie Mitchell (1995). “The Copycat project: A model of mental fluidity and analogy-making”. In Douglas Hofstadter and the Fluid Analogies Research Group, Fluid Concepts and Creative Analogies. New York: Basic Books, pp. 205–267.
Horowitz, Alexandra (2010). Inside of a Dog. New York: Scribners.
Kahneman, Daniel and Dale T. Miller (1986). “Norm theory: Comparing reality to its alternatives”. Psychological Review, 93 (2), pp. 136–153.
Kanerva, Pentti. Sparse Distributed Memory. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.
Mitchell, Melanie (1993). Analogy-Making as Perception. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.
Schank, Roger C. (1982). Dynamic Memory: A Theory of Reminding and Learning in Computers and People. New York: Cambridge University Press.
————— (1999). Dynamic Memory Revisited. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Thagard, Paul, Keith J. Holyoak, Greg Nelson, and David Gochfeld (1990). “Analog retrieval by constraint satisfaction”. Artificial Intelligence, 46, pp. 259–310.
Chapter 4
The contributions by Bowdle and Gentner, Geary, Gibbs, Glucksberg, Indurkhya, Jones and Estes, Lakoff and Turner, Ortony, and Pinker are relevant mainly to our sections on metaphor. The works by Chi, Ericsson, Feltovich, Hoffman, Johnson, Mervis, Ross, Tanaka, and Taylor and their colleagues are relevant to our discussion of expertise in a broad sense. The works by Greenberg, Sander (with Dupuch), and Politzer discuss the phenomenon of marking. The article by Collins and Quillian shows the classical approach to abstraction, while Poitrenaud’s monograph and the articles by Laurence and Margolis and by Richard and Sander offer more recent views of the phenomenon. Chrysikou, Duncker, Nersessian, Richard, and Ward treat abstraction and creativity and their role in problem-solving. The book edited by Laurence and Margolis concerns artefacts, while Casati’s fascinating study is devoted to shadows in a very wide sense of the term.
Blessing, Stephen B. and Brian H. Ross (1996). “Content effects in problem categorization and problem solving”. J. of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 22, pp. 792–810.
Borges, Jorge Luis (1962). “Funes the Memorious”, translated by Anthony Kerrigan. In Jorge Luis Borges, Ficciones. New York: Grove Press, p. 114.
Bowdle, Brian F. and Dedre Gentner (2005). “The career of metaphor”. Psychological Review, 112 (1), pp. 193–216.
Casati, Roberto (2004). Shadows: Unlocking Their Secrets, from Plato to Our Time. London: Vintage.
Chi, Michelene T. H., Robert Glaser, and Marshall J. Farr (1988). The Nature of Expertise. Hillsdale, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Chrysikou, Evangelia G. (2006). “When shoes become hammers: Goal-derived categorization training enhances problem solving performance”. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 32, pp. 935–942.
Collins, Allen M. and M. Ross Quillian (1969). “Retrieval time from semantic memory”. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behaviour, 8, pp. 240–248.
Duncker, Karl (1945). “On problem solving”. Psychological Monographs, 58, pp. 1–110.
Dupuch, Laurence and Emmanuel Sander (2007). “Apport pour les apprentissages de l’explicitation des relations d’inclusion de classes”. L’Année psychologique, 107 (4), pp. 565–596.
Ericsson, K. Anders, Neil Charness, Paul J. Feltovich, and Robert R. Hoffman, editors (2006). Cambridge Handbook of Expertise and Expert Performance. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Geary, James (2012). I is an Other: The Secret Life of Metaphor and How It Shapes the Way We See the World. New York: Harper Perennial.
Gibbs, Raymond W., editor (2008). Cambridge Handbook of Metaphor and Thought. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Glucksberg, Sam and Boaz Keysar (1990). “Understanding metaphorical comparisons: Beyond similarity”. Psychological Review, 97, pp. 3–18.
Glucksberg, Sam, Matthew S. McGlone, and Deanna Manfredi (1997). “Property attribution in metaphor comprehension”. Journal of Memory and Language, 36, pp. 50–67.
Greenberg, Joseph (1966). Language Universals, with Special Reference to Feature Hierarchies. The Hague: Mouton.
Indurkhya, Bipin (1992). Metaphor and Cognition: An Interactionist Approach. New York: Springer.
Johnson, Kathy E. and Carolyn B. Mervis (1997). “Effects of varying levels of expertise on the basic level of categorization”. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 126, pp. 248–277.
Jones, Lara and Zachary Estes (2005). “Metaphor comprehension as attributive categorization”. Journal of Memory and Language, 53, pp. 110–124.
Lakoff, George (1987). Women, Fire, and Dangerous Things: What Categories Reveal about the Mind. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Lakoff, George and Mark Turner (1989). More than Cool Reason: A Field Guide to Poetic Metaphor. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Laurence, Stephen and Eric Margolis (2012). “Abstraction and the origin of general ideas”. Philosophers’ Imprint, 12 (19), pp. 1–22.
Margolis, Eric and Stephen Laurence (2007). Creations of the Mind: Theories of Artifacts and Their Representation. New York: Oxford University Press.
Nersessian, Nancy J. (2008). Creating Scientific Concepts. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.
Ortony, Andrew. (1993). Metaphor and Thought. New York: Cambridge University Press, revised edition.
Pinker, Steven (2007). The Stuff of Thought: Language as a Window into Human Nature. New York: Viking.
Poitrenaud, Sébastien. (1995). “The PROCOPE semantic network: An alternative to action grammars”. International Journal of Human–Computer Studies, 42, pp. 31–69.
Poitrenaud, Sébastien. (2001). Complexité cognitive des interactions homme-machine. Modélisation par la méthode ProCope. Paris: L’Harmattan.
Politzer, Guy (1991). “L’informativité des énoncés: Contraintes sur le jugement et le raisonnement”. Intellectica, 11, pp. 111–147.
Richard, Jean-François (2004). Les Activités mentales. De l’interprétation de l’information à l’action. Paris: Armand Colin.
Sander, Emmanuel (2006). “Raisonnement et résolution de problèmes”. In Serban Ionescu and Alain Blanchet (eds.), Nouveau cours de psychologie. Psychologie cognitive et bases neurophysiologiques du fonctionnement cognitif (coordinated by Daniel Gaonac’h). Paris: Presses universitaires de France, pp. 159–190.
————— (2008). “En quoi Internet a-t-il changé notre façon de penser ?” In Philippe Cabin and Jean-François Dortier (eds.), La Communication. État des savoirs. Auxerre: Éditions Sciences humaines, pp. 363–369.
Sander, Emmanuel and Jean-François Richard (1997). “Analogical transfer as guided by an abstraction process: The case of learning by doing in text editing”. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 23, pp. 1459–1483.
————— (1998). “Analogy-making as a categorization and an abstraction process”. In Keith J. Holyoak, Dedre Gentner, and Boicho Kokinov (eds.), Advances in Analogy Research: Integration of Theory and Data from the Cognitive, Computational, and Neural Sciences. Sofia: New Bulgarian University Series in Cognitive Science, pp. 381–389.
————— (2005). “Analogy and transfer: Encoding the problem at the right level of abstraction”. Proceedings of the 27th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society, Stresa (Italy), pp. 1925–1930.
Swetz, Frank J. and T. I. Kao (1977). Was Pythagoras Chinese? An Examination of Right Triangle Theory in Ancient China. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press.
Tanaka, James W. and Marjorie Taylor (1991). “Object categories and expertise: Is the basic level in the eye of the beholder?” Cognitive Psychology, 23, pp. 457–482.
Ward, Thomas B. and Yulia Kolomyts (2010). “Cognition and creativity”. In James C. Kaufman and Robert J. Sternberg (eds.), The Cambridge Handbook of Creativity. New York: Cambridge University Press, pp. 93–112.
Chapter 5
The contributions by Barsalou, Clark, Damasio, Gibbs, Glenberg, Harnad, Johnson, Lakoff, Overton, Pecher and Zwaan, Sweetser, Varela, Zhong, and their colleagues are concerned with the role of embodiment in cognition. On the topics of generalization and induction, the books by Bartha, Feeney and Heit, George, Kahneman, and Sloman, as well as that by Holland, Holyoak, Nisbett, and Thagard, are relevant, as are the articles by Holyoak and colleagues, by Osherson and Smith, and by Rips. The works by Arnaud, Baars, Cutler, Erard, Fromkin, Hofstadter and Moser, Rossi and Peter-Defare, and Rumelhart and Norman deal with speech errors and action errors and the psychological mechanisms underlying those phenomena. Bassok, Clément, Novick, and Richard and Zamani explore the role of unconscious presumptions in problem-solving. Finally, the books by Chu, Krishnamurti, and Serafini explore, each in its own highly personal fashion, the limits of human imagination.
Arnaud, Pierre J. L. (1997). “Les ratés de la dénomination individuelle: Typologie des lapsus par substitution de mots”. In Claude Boisson and Philippe Thoiron (eds.), Autour de la dénomination. Lyon: Presses universitaires de Lyon, pp. 307–331.
Baars, Bernard J., editor (1992). Experimental Slips and Human Error: Exploring the Architecture of Volition. New York: Plenum.
Barsalou, Lawrence W. (1999). “Perceptual symbol systems”. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 22, pp. 577–609.
Bartha, Paul (2010). By Parallel Reasoning: The Construction and Evaluation of Analogical Arguments. New York: Oxford University Press.
Chu, Seo-Young (2010). Do Metaphors Dream of Literal Sleep? A Science-Fictional Theory of Representation. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.
Clark, Andy (2011). Supersizing the Mind: Embodiment, Action, and Cognitive Extension. New York: Oxford University Press.
Clément, Évelyne and Richard, Jean-François (1997). “Knowledge of domain effects in problem representation: The case of tower of Hanoi isomorphs”. Thinking and Reasoning, 3 (2), pp. 133–157.
Cutler, Anne, editor (1982). Slips of the Tongue and Language Production. New York: Mouton.
Damasio, Antonio R. (1994). Descartes’ Error: Emotion, Reason, and the Human Brain. New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons.
Erard, Michael (2007). Um… Slips, Stumbles, and Verbal Blunders, and What They Mean. New York: Pantheon Books.
Feeney, Aidan and Evan Heit (2007). I
nductive Reasoning: Experimental, Developmental, and Computational Approaches. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Fromkin, Victoria A., editor (1980). Errors in Linguistic Performance: Slips of the Tongue, Ear, Pen, and Hand. New York: Academic Press.
George, Christian (1997). Polymorphisme du raisonnement humain. Paris: PUF.
Gibbs, Raymond W. (2006). Embodiment and Cognitive Science. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Glenberg, Arthur M. (1997). “What memory is for: Creating meaning in the service of action”. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 20, pp. 1–55.
Goldstone, Robert L., Sam Day, and Ji Yun Son (2010). “Comparison”. In Britt Glatzeder, Vinod Goel, and Albrecht von Müller (eds.), On Thinking, Vol. II: Towards a Theory of Thinking. Berlin: Springer, pp. 103–122.
Goodman, Nelson (1972). Problems and Projects. Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill.
Harnad, Stevan (1990). “The symbol grounding problem”. Physica D, 42, pp. 335–346.
————— (1990). Categorical Perception: The Groundwork of Cognition. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Hofstadter, Douglas (1997). Le Ton beau de Marot: In Praise of the Music of Language. New York: Basic Books.
Hofstadter, Douglas R. and David J. Moser (1989). “To err is human; To study error-making is cognitive science”. Michigan Quarterly Review, 28 (2), pp. 185–215.
Holland, John H., Keith J. Holyoak, Richard E. Nisbett, and Paul R. Thagard (1986). Induction: Processes of Inference, Learning, and Discovery. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.
Holyoak, Keith J., Hee Seung Lee, and Hongjing Lu (2010). “Analogical and category-based inference: A theoretical integration with Bayesian causal models”. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 139 (4), pp. 702–727.
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