Evelyn Johnson’s 1913 letter to James Goulet came into the possession of Juanita Staples Brumpton in about 1942; a copy was kindly sent to me by Harry Brumpton of Windsor, Ontario.
Chapter 15
Women of Canada: Their Life and Work was compiled by the National Council of Women of Canada at the request of the Hon. Sydney Fisher, Minister of Agriculture, for distribution at the Paris International Exhibition in 1900. The material about Charles Wuerz draws on the detective work of Betty Keller for her 1981 biography, supplemented by material in the J. E. Wetherell Papers in the University of Toronto Thomas Fisher Rare Book Library. The fragment of a poem by Pauline about residential schools is quoted on page 148 of Paddling Her Own Canoe by Strong-Boag and Gerson.
I am particularly grateful to Carole Gerson and Gail Campbell for alerting me to the Mrs. Laura Wood material from the Public Archives of New Brunswick.
Chapter 16
Walter McRaye recorded his own life and partnership with Pauline in two boisterous memoirs, Town Hall Tonight (Toronto: Ryerson, 1929) and Pauline Johnson and Her Friends (Toronto: Ryerson, 1947), from which I drew extensively for this and subsequent chapters. He recalled reading Swinburne to Pauline in a letter to Lorne Pierce, written on March 20, 1943, that is in the Walter McRaye Collection in the William Ready Division of Archives and Research Collections at McMaster University.
Achille Fréchette’s letter is quoted in James Doyle’s Annie Howells and Achille Fréchette (University of Toronto Press, 1979). Pauline’s letter to Miss King was sent to Peter Unwin by Miss King’s daughter, Julia Hickey Sporka, who read an article by Peter about Pauline that appeared in The Beaver in November 1999; Peter kindly passed it on to me.
The Johnson–McRaye partnership’s touring itineraries were a tangle of one-night stands and branch-line travel. I have relied on the research in local newspapers done by Betty Keller for her 1981 biography and for an article she wrote for the December 1986–January 1987 issue of The Beaver.
Getting to know the history and geography of the Kootenay area of British Columbia was one of the pleasures of writing this biography. Some of the books that proved useful were The Silvery Slocan Heritage Tour Guidebook, by Dan Nicholson, Jan McMurray, Robert N. Riley and Rodney Huculak (New Denver, BC: Word Publishing, 1998); R. G. Harvey’s Carving the Western Path: By River, Rail, and Road Through B.C.’s Southern Mountains (Surrey, BC: Heritage House, 1998); and Robert D. Turner’s The S.S. Moyie: Memories of the Oldest Sternwheeler (Victoria, BC: Sono Nis, 1991).
Information about the 1903 camping trip on Stony Lake comes from Bertha Jean (Thompson) Stevinson’s memoirs of her friend Pauline. Mrs. Stevinson’s son Harry, who lives with his wife, Isabel, in Ottawa, kindly showed me the inscribed copy of Canadian Born and lent me the five articles Jean wrote between 1931 and 1935 about her friend Pauline Johnson.
Chapter 17
Details about the CPR’s passenger liners come from George Musk’s Canadian Pacific: The Story of the Famous Shipping Line (Toronto: H. Rinehart and Winston, 1981). John A. Cherrington’s wonderfully imaginative Vancouver at the Dawn: A Turn-of-the-Century Portrait (Madeira Park, BC: Harbour Publishing, 1997) included the anecdotes about Mr. and Mrs. Charles Henshaw. Betty Keller described Ernest Thompson Seton’s interest in native rituals in Black Wolf: The Life of Ernest Thompson Seton (Vancouver: Douglas & McIntyre, 1984).
Books by Benson and Gillies already cited for Chapter 11 proved useful for Pauline’s return to London twelve years later. The anecdote about Pauline’s electrifying effect on Lord Cecil Manners appears on page 52 of Mrs. Foster’s biography. Additional material for this chapter comes from Seated with the Mighty: A Biography of Sir Gilbert Parker, by John Coldwell Adams (Ottawa: Borealis, 1979); Donald B. Smith’s biography of Grey Owl, From the Land of Shadows: The Making of Grey Owl (Saskatoon: Western Producer Prairie Books, 1990); and Lord Strathcona: A Biography of Donald Alexander Smith, by Donna McDonald (Toronto: Dundurn, 1996).
Pauline’s letters to “Little Divil” Archie Morton are in the Chiefswood Collection at the Woodland Cultural Centre Museum, Brantford.
Chapter 18
Pauline’s letter about the Bridgewater fire is in the Trent University Archives, and her letter about the Chautauqua disaster is in the Thompson Seton Papers in the Philmont Museum and Seton Memorial Library in Cimarron, NM. Her correspondence with Prime Minister Laurier is in the Sir Wilfrid Laurier Papers at the National Archives of Canada. To learn about the Chautauqua movement, I read Chautauqua in Canada, by Sheilagh S. Jameson (Calgary: Glenbow-Alberta Institute, 1979), and Chautauqua: A Center for Education, Religion, and the Arts in America, by Theodore Morrison (University of Chicago Press, 1974).
Pauline’s poignant comments on her advancing age were made in a letter to J. D. Logan, dated December 5, 1912, which is reproduced in Appendix 1 of John C. Adams’s MA thesis, “English-Canadian Poetry and the Critics,” Acadia University, 1955.
Chapter 19
Vancouver’s colourful history has generated many lively books. I relied on Michael Kluckner’s Vancouver: The Way It Was (North Vancouver: Whitecap Books, 1984); Bruce Macdonald’s Vancouver: A Visual History (Vancouver: Talonbooks, 1992); Saltwater City: An Illustrated History of the Chinese in Vancouver, by Paul Yee (Vancouver: Douglas & McIntyre, 1988); and Vancouver Past: Essays in Social History, edited by Robert A. J. McDonald and Jean Barman (Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press, 1986).
Harry Stevinson lent me the book of columns written by his mother, Bertha Jean Thompson Stevinson, privately published as Up and Down the Pacific Coast in 1989. Much of the material in chapters 19 and 20 comes from Jean’s articles written between 1931 and 1935 and printed in various Western Canadian newspapers on the anniversaries of Pauline’s death.
A particularly interesting book about early attitudes to and treatments for breast cancer is A Darker Ribbon: Breast Cancer, Women, and Their Doctors in the Twentieth Century, by Ellen Leopold (Boston: Beacon Press, 1999).
The description of Chief Joe Capilano’s funeral appeared in the Daily Province, Saturday, March 26, 1910.
Chapter 20
A letter to Lorne Pierce in the Queen’s University Archives from a clever young writer named Beatrice Nasmyth is the source of the information about Pauline’s feather boa and the raincoat row with Evelyn. Monica Newton, Beatrice Nasmyth’s niece, told me a little more about the friendship between Pauline and her aunt, and about Pauline’s corrections to the proofs of Flint and Feather. Charles Mair described his last visit to Pauline in “Pauline Johnson, an Appreciation” in The Canadian Magazine, July 1913, pp. 281–283.
Elizabeth Rogers’s account of Pauline’s cremation and burial, and information about Pauline’s will, is lodged in the Vancouver City Archives. Both Marega’s death mask of Pauline and Pauline’s Indian costume, including the silver trade brooches, scalp, wampum belt, bear’s claw necklace and George Johnson’s dagger, are stored today in the Vancouver Museum.
PICTURE CREDITS
BHS: Brant Historical Society, The Brant Museum & Archives
CVA: City of Vancouver Archives
NAC: National Archives of Canada
NLC: National Library of Canada
PAA: Provincial Archives of Alberta
ROM: Royal Ontario Museum
VPL: Vancouver Public Library, Special Collections
p. 2: BHS 1374
p. 4: BHS 1679
p. 11 BHS 1203
p. 18: Courtesy, Collection of the Albany Institute of History & Art
p. 42: ROM, 77 Eth 128 / 922.1.103
p. 49: BHS 257
p. 50: NAC, pa 48104
p. 51: ROM, 85 Eth 175, 930.31.29
p. 52: BHS 258
p. 54: BHS 418
p. 59: NAC, PA 26916
p. 60: BHS 1678
p. 62: ROM, 85 Eth 180 930.31.42
p. 68: NAC, PA 71.295
p. 74: BHS 259
p. 76: BHS 633; Photographer, Park & Co., Brantford
&
nbsp; p. 82: NAC, c 2291
p. 84: BHS 780
p. 85: BHS 1662
p. 87: NAC, c 51848
p. 89: BHS 634; Photographer, J. Fraser Bryce
p. 93: William Ready Division of Archives and Research Collections, McMaster University
p. 99: Katharine Hooke, Peterborough
p. 105: BHS 563
p. 112: NAC, PA 132150; Photographer, Frank Micklethwaite
p. 129: NAC, C 56072
pp. 134–135: NAC, C 149034–149035
p. 151: William Ready Division of Archives and Research Collections, McMaster University
p. 159: VPL 9429; Photographer Cochran, Brantford
p. 162: NAC, PA 122594
p. 165: NLC, C 5350
p. 171: ROM, 85 Eth 192
p. 176: NAC, C 10109
p. 178: BHS 620; Photographer, Cochran, Brantford
p. 184: BHS 627; Photographer, Cochran, Brantford
p. 195: BHS 3789
p. 197: NAC, C 9485
p. 199: NAC, PA 41344
p. 208: PAA, B49
p. 209: PAA, B10595
p. 213: BHS 491
p. 218: Grand Forks Archives, PG181 BM 991–055–049
p. 234: BHS 540
p. 244: BHS 1306
p. 249: NAC, PA 63175
p. 254: NAC, PA 30212
p. 262: NAC, PA 27869
p. 268: PAA, OB540
p. 281: Courtesy of Sheila Johnston
p. 289: BHS 563a
p. 295: NAC, PA 29547
p. 296: Archives of British Columbia, hp 25606
p. 312: NAC, C 14100
p. 314: BHS 1653
p. 315: NAC, C 68847
p. 318: Courtesy of Steinway Bros, London
p. 321: Courtesy of Sheila Johnston
p. 323: CVA, P.41 N23 #1
p. 333: Courtesy of Sheila Johnston
p. 341: Courtesy of The Chautauqua Institution Archives, Chautauqua, NY
p. 342: Lorne Pierce Collection, Box 14, Folder 1, No. 29: Archives of Queen’s University
p. 350: VPL, 12768
p. 351: CVA, IN. p.3 N13
p. 355: VPL, 5211
p. 356: Courtesy of Harry Stevinson
p. 358: Courtesy of Sheila Johnston
p. 360: BHS 1270
p. 377: Courtesy of Harry Stevinson
p. 379: BHS 249
p. 382: CVA, P.10 Port N200
p. 390: CVA, Port P.1422 N 742
p. 393: VPL, 7145
p. 401: BHS 630; Photographer, Cochran, Brantford
INDEX
The pagination of this electronic edition does not match the edition from which it was created. To locate a specific passage, please use the search feature of your e-book reader.
Abbott, Sir John, 281
Aberdeen, John Campbell Gordon, Earl of, 177
Aberdeen, Lady Ishbel, 262–63
Adam, Frances, 150
Adam, Graeme Mercer, 140, 149–50
Ahearn, Mrs. Thomas, 263
Ahrens, Carl, 265, 345
Aidé, Charles Hamilton, 182–83, 185, 310, 315
Albani, Madame, 282, 314
Alexander, George, 182, 183
Alexander, Jessie, 162, 220
Alexandra (Queen of Great Britain), 310, 325, 326
An Algonquin Maiden (Adam and Wetherald), 149, 150
Allen, Grant, 190
Alma-Tadema, Lawrence, 182, 185–86
American Revolution, 24–26, 26–27
Among the Millet (Lampman), 130, 131
The Angelus (Millet), 136
Ansley, Elizabeth, 304, 330, 333–34, 347
Argyll, Niall Diarmid, Duke of, 311
Arnold, Matthew, 131
Arthurs, Mrs. G. Allan, 261
Asiatic Exclusion League, 352
Athenaeum, 156
Atwood, Clinton, 236
Atwood, Margaret, 398
Austen, Jane, 7
Australia, 271, 274
Baden-Powell, Agnes, 315
Baldwin, Rev., 81
Banff (AB), 213–14
Barrie, J. M., 316
Bath (Engl.), 6
Battle of Lake George, 23
Beardsley, Aubrey, 189
Beddoe, Bert, 77
Belaney, Archie (Grey Owl), 312
Bell, Alexander Graham, 58–59
Bell, Charles, 137, 138
Benson, E. F., 177, 181, 309
bentwood canoes, 108–9
Bernhardt, Sarah, 179, 195, 282
Big Bear, 207, 211
birchbark canoes, 106, 107, 108
Blackfoot nation, 72, 208, 211, 269, 290–91
Black Patti (Matilda Sissieretta Jones), 162
Blake, Edward, 317
Blake, Sir Henry Austin, 179, 311
Blake, Lady, 179, 194, 311, 328
blanket, scarlet, 58, 86, 158, 380, 383, 386
Blood nation, 208
Bodley Head, 189, 191
Boer War, 261–62
Bonaparte, Basil, 322
Bonaparte, Napoleon, 45, 52
Boomer, Mrs. Dean, 263
Booth, Edwin, 136
Borden, Mrs. R. L., 263
Boston Herald, 166, 344
Bowell, Mackenzie, 281
The Boys’ World, 304, 330, 347, 354, 363–64, 366, 384
Brant, Joseph, 26, 27, 28, 82, 90–91
Brant, Molly (Mary), 26–27
Brantford Canoe Club, 110, 111, 199
Brantford Central Collegiate, 67
Brantford Courier, 69, 118, 241–42, 246
Brantford Expositor, 69, 103, 139, 195–96, 244, 246, 334
Brantford (Ont.), 49, 68–70, 88, 90–91, 97–98, 168, 170
No. 7 Napoleon Street, 84, 85–86, 122
Brantford Players, 86, 111
Brassey, Thomas, Lord, 310
breast cancer, 367–68, 381
Bridgewater (NS), 331–32
Briggs, William, 384
Bristol (Engl.), 6–7, 9, 11
British West Indies, 328, 332–33
Bryan, William Jennings, 342
Buddy (neighbour), 360
Burne-Jones, Edward, 79, 182
Burney, Fanny, 367–68
Byron, George Gordon, Lord, 11, 53, 79
By Track and Trail (Roper), 210
Campbell, William Wilfred, 129, 130, 140, 141–42, 317, 384
Camp Knockabout, 114
Canada (London, Engl.), 311, 337
“Canada” (Roberts), 130
Canada West, 3. See also Ontario; Upper Canada
Canadian Gazette, 224
Canadian Illustrated News, 71, 302
Canadian Magazine, 225, 256, 303, 334
Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR), 197, 198, 201, 202, 205, 207, 259, 290, 292–94, 313
Canadian Women’s Press Club, 373–74, 391
cancer, 367–68, 381
canoes and canoeing, 3, 99–100, 106–11, 192, 365–66. See also under Johnson, Pauline
Capilano, Emma, 326, 353, 369
Capilano, Joe Su-a-pu-luck
death and burial, 368–70
in England, 322–24, 325–26, 352–53
relationship with Pauline, 347–48, 362–63, 364, 365–66, 391–92
Capilano, Mary Agnes (Lixwelut), 353, 356, 369, 373
Capilano, Matthias, 353, 369–70, 373, 390
Carman, Bliss, 125, 127–28, 130, 131, 169, 316, 384
Carnegie, Andrew, 316
Cawthra, Edith, 241
Cayuga nation, 21, 32
Chamberlain, Joseph, 316
Charlesworth, Hector, 161–62, 225
Chautauqua movement, 328, 336, 340–44
Chesterton, G. K., 79
Chicago Tribune, 232–33
Chiefswood, 1–2, 3, 4, 45–46, 56, 84–85
rents from, 271, 308, 374
visitors to, 57, 58, 60–61, 64, 68, 75
Chippewa Indians, 115–16
Chips (dog), 2, 52, 53
Chums (mag
azine), 311
Churchill, Winston, 316
The Circus Rider, 137
Clark, William, 176, 188
Claus, William, 26
Clayton Lyceum Bureau, 341, 342
Clench, Norah, 220
Coal Harbour (BC), 353–54
Coast Salish nation, 107, 352–53
Cochran, Mr. (photographer), 175
Cochrane, William, 90
Cockshutt, William Foster, 90–91
Cody, Buffalo Bill, 156, 177, 312
Coleman, “Kit,” 288
Coleridge, Samuel Taylor, 7
Columbus (OH), 12
Confederation poets, 125–31
Connaught, Arthur, Duke of, 58, 69, 86, 158, 382–83, 384, 392
Connaught, Louise Margaret, Duchess of, 382–83
Converse, Harriet Maxwell, 133
Cope, Bert
as performer, 307, 314
relationship with Pauline, 306, 318, 320, 329, 335, 337–39, 347, 360, 361, 386
Cope, Fred, 337–38, 349
Cope, Margery, 306, 337–38, 361, 387
Cornyn, Clara, 278
Cornyn, Thomas E., 247, 278
Cottle, Joseph, 7
Crate, Joan, 401
Crawford, Isabella Valancy, 131, 398
Cree nation, 72, 208, 210
Crowfoot nation, 208, 210
Curtis, David, 67
Curtis, Emily, 68, 76
Curtis, Mary, 68, 76
Curzon, George Nathaniel, Lord, 171
Daily Express, 317, 326–27, 335
Daily News-Advertiser (Vancouver), 219, 300, 307
Daily Telegraph, 188–89
Daily Tribune (Toronto), 168
David (admirer), 77
David C. Cook Publishing Company, 333
Davidson, John, 190–91
Davies, Robertson, 398
Davin, Nicholas Flood, 281
Deacon, W. A., 397
Flint and Feather Page 44