Westmoreland: The General Who Lost Vietnam

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Westmoreland: The General Who Lost Vietnam Page 43

by Lewis Sorley


  57 McChristian, Westmoreland vs. CBS Microfiche File, p. 9030, USAWC Library.

  58 McChristian interview, 26 April 1999.

  59 Roth, The Juror and the General, pp. 127, 128. "Years later," wrote Harold Ford, "Graham admitted to George Allen that 'of course' he had not believed MACV's 300,000 figure but had defended it because it was 'the command position.'" Ford, CIA and the Vietnam Policymakers, p. 94. Discussing these matters in a 29 April 1995 interview, General Bruce Palmer Jr. commented that "Danny Graham was a fraud."

  60 Stipulation of Dismissal, U.S. District Court, 17 February 1985, Westmoreland vs. CBS Microfiche File, USAWC Library.

  61 Letter, Westmoreland to Editor, American Spectator, 19 February 1987, Box 19, WPSCL.

  62 Speech, "David vs. Goliath," 1985, Box 49, WPSCL.

  63 Editorial, "A General Surrenders," New York Times (19 February 1982).

  64 Roth, The Juror and the General, p. 299.

  65 As quoted in Brewin and Shaw, Vietnam on Trial, p. 355.

  66 As shown in A&E "Biography: General Westmoreland," 28 February 1995. Transcript in Box 58, WPSCL.

  67 George Crile III, "The Westmoreland Episode: Who Won?" International Platform Association Convention, c. 1987, Box 19, WPSCL.

  68 Westmoreland, "A Case for Press Responsibility," Mercer Law Review (Spring 1987), p. 775.

  69 Wallace, Between You and Me, p. 203.

  30. DUSK

  1 Beschloss, "Not the President's Men," New York Times Book Review (5 August 2007), p. 10.

  2 Westmoreland, A Soldier Reports, p. 565 of the 1980 Dell paperback edition.

  3 Atkinson, Long Gray Line, p. 408.

  4 Ward Just interviewed James Ford, the Cadet Chaplain at West Point, who had been chosen for that post when Westmoreland was Superintendent. "There are two boats which are sinking today," said Ford in 1970, "the military and the church, and I have got a foot in both." Just asked him whether there would be a statue of Westmoreland at the Military Academy. "'No, probably not,' Ford said sadly." Military Men, pp. 43, 45.

  EPILOGUE

  1 Quotation is from Alan Levy, "Two Stars on the Fly," Courier-Journal Magazine (28 February 1960), USMA Archives.

  2 As quoted in ibid.

  Selected Bibliography

  BOOKS

  Adams, Sam. War of Numbers: An Intelligence Memoir. South Royalton, Vt.: Steerforth Press, 1994.

  Adler, Renata. Reckless Disregard: Westmoreland v. CBS et al. New York: Knopf, 1986.

  Allen, George W. None So Blind: A Personal Account of the Intelligence Failure in Vietnam. Chicago: Ivan R. Dee, 2001.

  Ambrose, Stephen E. Nixon: The Triumph of a Politician, 1962–1972. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1989.

  Anderson, David L., ed. Facing My Lai: Moving Beyond the Massacre. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 1998.

  ———. Shadow on the White House: Presidents and the Vietnam War, 1945–1975. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 1993.

  Anderson, Jack, and Dale Van Atta. Stormin' Norman: An American Hero. New York: Zebra Books, 1991.

  Appy, Christian G., ed. Patriots: The Vietnam War Remembered from All Sides. New York: Viking, 2003.

  Atkinson, Rick. The Long Gray Line. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1989.

  Baskir, Lawrence M., and William A. Strauss. Chance and Circumstance: The Draft, the War and the Vietnam Generation. New York: Vintage Books, 1978.

  Bass, Jack, and Marilyn W. Thompson. Ol' Strom: An Unauthorized Biography of Strom Thurmond. Atlanta: Longstreet Press, 1998.

  Beech, Keyes. Not Without the Americans: A Personal History. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1971.

  Benjamin, Burton. Fair Play: CBS, General Westmoreland, and How a Television Documentary Went Wrong. New York: Harper & Row, 1988.

  Bergerud, Eric M. Red Thunder, Tropic Lightning: The World of a Combat Division in Vietnam. Boulder, Colo.: Westview, 1993.

  Berman, Larry. Lyndon Johnson's War: The Road to Stalemate in Vietnam. New York: W. W. Norton, 1989.

  Beschloss, Michael R., ed. Taking Charge: The Johnson White House Tapes, 1963–1964. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1997.

  Betros, Lance. West Point: Two Centuries and Beyond. Abilene, Tex.: McWhiney Foundation Press, 2004.

  Bilton, Michael, and Kevin Sim. Four Hours in My Lai. New York: Viking, 1992.

  Blair, Anne. There to the Bitter End: Ted Serong in Vietnam. Crows Nest, Australia: Allen & Unwin, 2001.

  Boettcher, Thomas D. Vietnam: The Valor and the Sorrow. Boston: Little, Brown, 1985.

  Bonds, Ray, ed. The Vietnam War: The Illustrated History of the Conflict in Southeast Asia. New York: Crown, 1979.

  Braestrup, Peter. Big Story: How the American Press and Television Reported and Interpreted the Crisis of Tet 1968 in Vietnam and Washington, 2 vols. Boulder, Colo.: Westview, 1977.

  Brandon, Henry. Anatomy of Error: The Inside Story of the Asian War on the Potomac, 1954–1969. Boston: Gambit, 1969.

  Brewin, Bob, and Sydney Shaw. Vietnam on Trial: Westmoreland vs. CBS. New York: Atheneum, 1987.

  Bui Diem with David Chanoff. In the Jaws of History. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1987.

  Bui Tin. Following Ho Chi Minh: The Memoirs of a North Vietnamese Colonel. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1995.

  Carland, John M. Stemming the Tide: May 1965 to October 1966. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Army Center of Military History, 2000.

  Charlton, Michael, and Anthony Moncrieff. Many Reasons Why: The American Involvement in Vietnam. London: Scolar Press, 1978.

  Clarke, Jeffrey J. Advice and Support: The Final Years, 1965–1973. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Army Center of Military History, 1988.

  Clausewitz, Carl von. On War, ed. Michael Howard and Peter Paret. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1976.

  Clifford, Clark, with Richard Holbrooke. Counsel to the President: A Memoir. New York: Random House, 1991.

  Coleman, J. D. Pleiku: The Dawn of Helicopter Warfare in Vietnam. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1988.

  Cooper, Chester L. The Lost Crusade: America in Vietnam. New York: Dodd, Mead & Company, 1970.

  Cosmas, Graham A. MACV: The Joint Command in the Years of Withdrawal, 1968–1973. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Army Center of Military History, 2007.

  Costa, James M. Diamond in the Rough. Victoria, B.C.: Trafford Publishing, 2003.

  Crackel, Theodore J. West Point: A Bicentennial History. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 2002.

  Creighton, Neal. A Different Path: The Story of an Army Family. Privately printed: Xlibris, 2008.

  Davidson, Garrison H. Grandpa Gar: The Saga of One Soldier as Told to His Grandchildren. Privately printed, 1974.

  Davidson, Lieutenant General Phillip B. Vietnam at War: The History, 1946–1975. Novato, Calif.: Presidio Press, 1988.

  DeForest, Orrin. Slow Burn: The Rise and Bitter Fall of American Intelligence in Vietnam. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1990.

  DePuy, William E. Changing an Army: An Oral History of General William E. DePuy, USA Retired. Carlisle Barracks, Pa.: U.S. Army Military History Institute, [1979].

  Dixon, Norman F. On the Psychology of Military Incompetence. New York: Basic Books, 1976.

  Dorland, Gil. Legacy of Discord: Voices of the Vietnam War Era. Washington, D.C.: Brassey's, 2001.

  Elliott, Mai. RAND in Southeast Asia: A History of the Vietnam War Era. Santa Monica, Calif.: RAND Corporation, 2010.

  Ellsberg, Daniel. Secrets: A Memoir of Vietnam and the Pentagon Papers. New York: Viking, 2002.

  Enthoven, Alain C., and K. Wayne Smith. How Much Is Enough? Shaping the Defense Program, 1961–1969. New York: Harper & Row, 1971.

  Fallaci, Oriana. Interview with History. New York: Liveright, 1976.

  Fallows, James. National Defense. New York: Vintage, 1981.

  Flanagan, E. M., Jr. The Rakkasans: The Combat History of the 187th Airborne Infantry. Novato, Calif.: Presidio Press, 1997.

  Ford, Harold P. CIA and the Vietnam Policymakers: Three Episodes 1962–1968. Washington, D.C.: History S
taff, Center for the Study of Intelligence, Central Intelligence Agency, 1998.

  Furgurson, Ernest B. Westmoreland: The Inevitable General. Boston: Little, Brown, 1968.

  Garland, Albert N., ed. A Distant Challenge: The U.S. Infantryman in Vietnam, 1967–1972. Nashville: Battery Press, 1983.

  Gelb, Leslie H., with Richard K. Betts. The Irony of Vietnam: The System Worked. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution, 1979.

  Giap, Vo Nguyen. Big Victory, Great Task. New York: Praeger, 1968.

  Glenn, Russell. Reading Athena's Dance Card: Men Against Fire in Vietnam. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press, 2000.

  Goldstein, Gordon M. Lessons in Disaster: McGeorge Bundy and the Path to War in Vietnam. New York: Times Books, 2008.

  Goldstein, Joseph, Burke Marshall, and Jack Schwartz. The My Lai Massacre and Its Cover-Up: Beyond the Reach of Law? New York: Free Press, 1976.

  Goodwin, Richard N. Remembering America: A Voice from the Sixties. Boston: Little, Brown, 1988.

  Griffith, Robert K., Jr. The U.S. Army's Transition to the All-Volunteer Force 1968–1974. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Army Center of Military History, 1997.

  Haig, Alexander M., Jr., with Charles McCarry. Inner Circles: How America Changed the World: A Memoir. New York: Warner Books, 1992.

  Halberstam, David. The Best and the Brightest. New York: Random House, 1972.

  Hammel, Eric. The Assault on Khe Sanh: An Oral History. New York: Warner Books, 1989.

  ———. Khe Sanh: Siege in the Clouds, an Oral History. New York: Crown, 1989.

  Head, William, and Lawrence E. Grinter, eds. Looking Back on the Vietnam War. Westport, Conn.: Praeger, 1993.

  Helms, Richard, with William Hood. A Look Over My Shoulder: A Life in the Central Intelligence Agency. New York: Random House, 2003.

  Hendrickson, Paul. The Living and the Dead: Robert McNamara and Five Lives of a Lost War. New York: Knopf, 1996.

  Herring, George C. LBJ and Vietnam: A Different Kind of War. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1994.

  Hiam, C. Michael. Who the Hell Are We Fighting? The Story of Sam Adams and the Vietnam Intelligence Wars. Hanover, N.H.: Steerforth Press, 2006.

  Hoopes, Townsend. The Limits of Intervention. New York: David McKay, 1969.

  Hope, Bob. Five Women I Love: Bob Hope's Vietnam Story. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1966.

  Hunt, Richard A. Pacification: The American Struggle for Vietnam's Hearts and Minds. Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press, 1995.

  Isaacson, Walter, and Evan Thomas. The Wise Men: Six Friends and the World They Made: Acheson, Bohlen, Harriman, Kennan, Lovett, McCloy. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1986.

  Joes, Anthony James. America and Guerrilla Warfare. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 2000.

  Johnson, Lady Bird [Claudia Alta Taylor Johnson]. A White House Diary. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1970.

  Johnson, Lyndon Baines. The Vantage Point: Perspectives of the Presidency, 1963–1969. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1971.

  Jones, Bruce E. War Without Windows: A True Account of a Young Army Officer Trapped in an Intelligence Cover-Up in Vietnam. New York: Vanguard Press, 1987.

  Just, Ward. Military Men. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1970.

  ———. To What End: Report from Vietnam. New York: Public Affairs, 2000. Reprint of a 1968 work with new foreword by the author.

  Kagan, Donald. Thucydides: The Reinvention of History. New York: Viking, 2009.

  Kahin, George McT. Intervention: How America Became Involved in Vietnam. New York: Knopf, 1986.

  Karnow, Stanley. Vietnam: A History. New York: Viking, 1983.

  Kearns, Doris. Lyndon Johnson and the American Dream. New York: Harper & Row, 1976.

  Keeley, John B., ed. The All-Volunteer Force and American Society. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1978.

  Kennedy, Robert F. To Seek a Newer World. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1967.

  Kinnard, Douglas. The Certain Trumpet: Maxwell Taylor & the American Experience in Vietnam. Washington, D.C.: Brassey's, 1991.

  ———. The War Managers. Hanover, N.H.: University Press of New England, 1977.

  Kissinger, Henry. Ending the Vietnam War: A History of America's Involvement in and Extrication from the Vietnam War. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2003.

  ———. White House Years. Boston: Little, Brown, 1979.

  Korb, Lawrence J. The Fall and Rise of the Pentagon: American Defense Policies in the 1970s. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1979.

  ———. The Joint Chiefs of Staff: The First Twenty-Five Years. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1976.

  Kowet, Don. A Matter of Honor. New York: Macmillan, 1984.

  Krepinevich, Andrew F., Jr. The Army and Vietnam. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1986.

  Krulak, Victor H. First to Fight: An Inside View of the U.S. Marine Corps. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press, 1984.

  Ky, Nguyen Cao. Buddha's Child: My Fight to Save Vietnam. New York: St. Martin's Press, 2002.

  ———. Twenty Years and Twenty Days. New York: Stein and Day, 1976.

  Lehrack, Otto J., ed. No Shining Armor: The Marines at War in Vietnam: An Oral History. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 1992.

  Lewy, Guenter. America in Vietnam. New York: Oxford University Press, 1978.

  Linn, Brian McAllister. The Echo of Battle: The Army's Way of War. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2007.

  Mangold, Tom, and John Penycate. The Tunnels of Cu Chi. New York: Berkley Books, 1986.

  Mann, Robert. A Grand Delusion: America's Descent into Vietnam. New York: Basic Books, 2001.

  Maraniss, David. They Marched into Sunlight. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2003.

  Maurer, Harry. Strange Ground: Americans in Vietnam 1945–1975: An Oral History. New York: Henry Holt, 1989.

  McMaster, H. R. Dereliction of Duty: Lyndon Johnson, Robert McNamara, the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and the Lies That Led to Vietnam. New York: HarperCollins, 1997.

  McNamara, Robert'S., et al. Argument Without End: In Search of Answers to the Vietnam Tragedy. New York: Public Affairs, 1999.

  McNamara, Robert'S., with Brian VanDeMark. In Retrospect: The Tragedy and Lessons of Vietnam. New York: Times Books, 1995.

  Military History Institute of Vietnam. The Official History of the People's Army of Vietnam, 1954–1975. Hanoi: People's Army Publishing House, 1994. Published in English as Victory in Vietnam, trans. Merle Pribbenow. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 2002.

  Mittelman, Joseph B. Eight Stars to Victory: A History of the Veteran Ninth U.S. Infantry Division. [Washington, D.C.:] Ninth Infantry Division Association, 1948.

  ———. Hold Fast. Munich: Ninth Infantry Division, 1945.

  Moore, Harold G., and Joseph L. Galloway. We Are Soldiers Still: A Journey Back to the Battlefields of Vietnam. New York: HarperCollins, 2008.

  ———. We Were Soldiers Once... and Young. New York: Random House, 1992.

  Moyar, Mark. Phoenix and the Birds of Prey. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press, 1997.

  Murphy, Edward J. Semper Fi Vietnam: From Da Nang to the DMZ, Marine Corps Campaigns, 1965–1975. New York: Ballantine Books, 1997.

  Nagl, John A. Learning to Eat Soup with a Knife: Counterinsurgency Lessons from Malaya and Vietnam. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2002.

  Neese, Harvey, and John O'Donnell, eds. Prelude to Tragedy: Vietnam, 1960–1965. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press, 2001.

  9th Infantry Division. Hitler's Nemesis: The 9th Infantry Division. Paris: Stars & Stripes, 1944–1945.

  O'Ballance, Edgar. The Wars in Vietnam, 1954–1973. New York: Hippocrene Books, 1975.

  Oberdorfer, Don. Tet! The Story of a Battle and Its Historic Aftermath. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1971.

  Palmer, General Bruce, Jr. The 25-Year War: America's Military Role in Vietnam. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 1984.

  Palmer, Dave Richard. Summons of the Trumpet: A History of the Vietnam War from a Military Man's Viewp
oint. San Rafael, Calif.: Presidio Press, 1978.

  Parker, James E., Jr. Last Man Out: A Personal Account of the Vietnam War. New York: Ballantine Books, 1996.

  Peers, W. R. The My Lai Inquiry. New York: Norton, 1979.

  Perry, Mark. Four Stars. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1989.

  Pettit, Clyde Edwin. The Experts. Secaucus, N.J.: Lyle Stuart, 1975.

  Pham Kim Vinh. In Their Defense: U.S. Soldiers in the Vietnam War. Phoenix: Sphinx Publishing, 1985.

  Phillips, William R. Night of the Silver Stars: The Battle of Lang Vei. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press, 1997.

  Pimlott, John. Vietnam: The Decisive Battles. New York: Macmillan, 1990.

  Pisor, Robert. The End of the Line: The Siege of Khe Sanh. New York: W. W. Norton, 1982.

  Prados, John. The Hidden History of the Vietnam War. Chicago: Ivan R. Dee, 1995.

  Randolph, Stephen P. Powerful and Brutal Weapons: Nixon, Kissinger, and the Easter Offensive. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2007.

  Roth, M. Patricia. The Juror and the General: An Eyewitness Account of the Libel Trial of the Century: Westmoreland vs. CBS. New York: William Morrow, 1986.

  Santoli, Al. Leading the Way: How Vietnam Veterans Rebuilt the U.S. Military: An Oral History. New York: Ballantine Books, 1993.

  Schandler, Herbert Y. The Unmaking of a President: Lyndon Johnson and Vietnam. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1977.

  Schell, Jonathan. The Real War: The Classic Reporting on the Vietnam War with a New Essay. New York: Pantheon Books, 1987.

 

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