by Daniel Stone
twenty cents per fruit: Meyer, Frank Nicholas. Agricultural Explorations in the Fruit and Nut Orchards of China. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1911, p. 204.
salary to 1,400 dollars: “The People Who Stand for Plus.” The Outing Magazine, October 1908, pp. 69–76.
“Frank Meyer is back”: David Fairchild to Gilbert Grosvenor. 1908. National Geographic Library. Washington, D.C.
Meyer grudgingly accepted the invitation: Fairchild. The World Was My Garden, p. 347.
“I will be famous”: Harris. Fruits of Eden, p. 134.
CHAPTER SEVENTEEN: Outlaws, Brigands, and Murderers
Dynaspidiotus meyeri: “Aspidiotus Meyeri Marlatt, 1908.” Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed January 12, 2016. http://www.gbif.org/species/110093968.
weaving classes: Armstrong, Selene. “Dugmore to Give Benefit Lecture.” Washington Times, March 15, 1910.
“The greatest danger”: Marlatt, Charles. “Plant Quarantine #37.” Lecture, Society of American Florists, August 21, 1919.
“It would be eminently unfair”: Fairchild, David. “The Independence of American Nurseries.” Lecture, American Forestry Association, January 1917.
typhus, yellow fever, and malaria: Hawkins, Stephanie L. American Iconographic: National Geographic, Global Culture, and the Visual Imagination. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 2010, pp. 88–89.
“dirty,” “destroy,” “dangerous”: Marlatt, Charles. “Pests and Parasites: Why We Need a National Law to Prevent the Importation of Insect-Infested and Diseased Plants.” National Geographic, April 1911.
“Now that you have had your fingers burned”: Marlatt, Charles Lester. An Entomologist’s Quest: The Story of the San Jose Scale: Diary of a Trip around the World 1901–1902. Washington, D.C.: Monumental Printing Co., 1953, p. 330.
“Chinese Wall”: Harris. Fruits of Eden, p. 176.
called his bluffs distortions: U.S. Congress. House Committee on Agriculture. April 28, 1910 sess. H. Doc. Hearing Transcript. 1910. Acquired from the Center for Legislative Archives, National Archives and Records Administration, pp. 542–43.
Ladies’ Garden Clubs: Marlatt, Charles Lester. An Entomologist’s Quest: The Story of the San Jose Scale: Diary of a Trip around the World 1901–1902. Washington, D.C.: Monumental Printing Co., 1953, p. 329.
After the islands’ 1898 annexation: Hawaii wouldn’t become an actual state until 1959, but its domestic status for the purpose of commerce began almost as soon as the Kingdom of Hawaii’s flag came down.
steamships from Hawaii: Jeffrey, J. W. Quarantine Laws and Orders. Sacramento: California State Commission of Horticulture, 1911. p. 12.
prohibit the shipment of all fruits: Cook, A. J. “An Alarming Fruit Pest.” The California Outlook, January 13, 1912, p. 11.
travelers were glad to oblige: Hecke, G. H. Monthly Bulletin of the Department of Agriculture. Vol. 11. Sacramento: Government of the State of California, 1922, pp. 567–76.
He marched to Marlatt’s office: Fairchild. Pocket notebook. “Disagreement with C. Marlatt.” Date unknown. Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden. Coral Gables, FL.
seized, fumigated, and burned: Jeffrey, J. W. Quarantine Laws and Orders. Sacramento: California State Commission of Horticulture, 1911, pp. 12–13.
the Youth’s Companion: “In The Youth’s Companion.” Roxboro Courier (Roxboro, NC), May 8, 1912.
kids could convince their parents: “A Famous Feast of Frogs.” Donaldsonville Chief (Donaldsonville, LA), April 12, 1913.
Technical World magazine: Clark, Edward B. “Plant Hunter in the Wilds.” Technical World Magazine, July 1911, pp. 519–24.
“coolies and carts”: “The People Who Stand for Plus.” The Outing Magazine, October 1908, pp. 69–76.
Pests and Parasites: Marlatt, Charles. “Pests and Parasites: Why We Need a National Law to Prevent the Importation of Insect-Infested and Diseased Plants.” National Geographic, April 1911.
regularly published photographs: “First Photo Published in National Geographic.” National Geographic. Accessed February 15, 2016. http://photography.nationalgeographic.com/photography/photographers/first-photo-article.html.
alfalfa-leaf weevil [and National Geographic story]: Marlatt, Charles. “Pests and Parasites: Why We Need a National Law to Prevent the Importation of Insect-Infested and Diseased Plants.” National Geographic, April 1911.
“The whole trend of the world”: Fairchild, David. “The Independence of American Nurseries.” American Forestry, April 1917, pp. 213–16.
the October issue’s leading story: Fairchild, David. “New Plant Immigrants.” National Geographic, October 1911, pp. 879–907.
longest tenure for any cabinet secretary: Manweller, Mathew, ed. Chronology of the U.S. Presidency. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO, 2012, p. 748.
had mellowed, even humbled: Wilson, James. Notes. Date unknown. Department of Agriculture, National Agricultural Library.
President Wilson’s victory: Miller Center, University of Virginia. “Woodrow Wilson: Campaigns and Elections.” Accessed October 13, 2015. http://millercenter.org/president/biography/wilson-campaigns-and-elections.
“efficiency”: Wilson, Woodrow. First Inaugural Address, Washington, D.C., March 4, 1913.
Plant Quarantine Act: The Plant Quarantine Act, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Office of the Secretary (August 20, 1912) (enacted).
which, conveniently, Marlatt controlled: Marlatt, C. L. “Recent Work of the Federal Horticultural Board.” Journal of Economic Entomology 17, no. 4 (1924): 437.
Meyer’s work was the most meaningful: Fairchild. The World Was My Garden, p. 406.
Plant exploration offered not only problems but solutions: “Frank Nicholas Meyer (1875–1918).” Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University. Accessed May 16, 2016.
a young man in Altadena, California: Harris. Fruits of Eden, p. 137.
an upgrade in budget, adventure, and . . . glory: Rosengarten, Frederic Jr. Wilson Popenoe: Agricultural Explorer, Educator, and Friend of Latin America. Lawai, Hawaii: National Tropical Botanic Garden, 1991.
CHAPTER EIGHTEEN: Fly the Coop
He visited his family: Cunningham, Isabel Shipley. Frank N. Meyer: Plant Hunter in Asia. Ames: Iowa State University Press, 1984.
bread and sausage, and drank only tea: Harris, Amanda. Fruits of Eden: David Fairchild and America’s Plant Hunters. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2015, p. 201.
Meyer held a ticket: Frank N. Meyer papers. Archives of the Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University.
“I wish I had seven bodies.”: Cunningham. Frank N. Meyer, p. 226.
salary that Fairchild granted him: Rosengarten, Frederic Jr. Wilson Popenoe: Agricultural Explorer, Educator, and Friend of Latin America. Lawai, Hawaii: National Tropical Botanic Garden, 1991, p. 19.
“The chief tried always to help me”: “David Fairchild, Plantsman.” Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden Bulletin 18, no 3 (July 1963).
[Navel orange introduction story]: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Plant Industry. Bulletin No. 445: The Navel Orange of Bahia; With Notes on Some Little-Known Brazilian Fruits. By P. H. Dorsett, A. D. Shamel, and Wilson Popenoe. February 10, 1917.
two trees to his former neighbor: “Who Put the Navel in Navel Oranges?” NPR. April 18, 2009. http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=103250589.
“in her doorway”: Laszlo, Pierre. Citrus: A History. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2007, p. 37.
state horticultural contest: Boulé, David. “Navel Orange Produced a Big Bang in the Golden State.” Sacramento Bee. January 2, 2016. http://www.sacbee.com/opinion/california-forum/article52340530.html.
“a dignified look”: Harris. Fruits of Eden, p. 146.
His office had become a bottleneck: Fairchild. The World Was My Garden, p. 425.
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��Carrying on profound research”: Fairchild. The World Was My Garden, p. 423.
the law would deter young people: Fairchild. The World Was My Garden, pp. 425–26.
fruits and vegetables could be dehydrated: Greensmith, Maurice. Practical Dehydration. London: Food Trade Press, 1971.
Carver visited Fairchild: McMurry, Linda O. George Washington Carver, Scientist and Symbol. New York: Oxford University Press, 1981, p. 169.
empowered farmers to diversify: Vella, Christina. George Washington Carver: A Life. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2015.
“We must do something now”: McMurry, Linda O. George Washington Carver, Scientist and Symbol. New York: Oxford University Press, 1981, p. 170.
Horst brought twenty-six types of vegetables: Fairchild, The World Was My Garden, p. 460.
CHAPTER NINETEEN: Sad and Mad and So Utterly Unnecessary
“thrilling”: Fairchild. The World Was My Garden, p. 422.
Brazilian cherries, cashew wine, guava jelly: Morton, Julia Frances. Fruits of Warm Climates. Miami: J. F. Morton, 1987, pp. 371–74.
only a fraction passed inspection: Taylor, William A. Inventory of Seeds and Plants Imported by the Office of Foreign Seed and Plant Introduction During the Period from April 1 to June 30, 1912. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1914, p. 29.
The country lacked a strong military: Beauchamp, Zack, Timothy B. Lee, and Matthew Yglesias. “40 Maps That Explain World War I.” Vox.com. August 4, 2014. http://www.vox.com/a/world-war-i-maps. Map #33.
“Every reform we have won”: Peterson, Merrill D. The President and His Biographer: Woodrow Wilson and Ray Stannard Baker. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 2007, p. 59.
Popenoe family business: Harris. Fruits of Eden, p. 165.
“It will be a race”: Cunningham, Isabel Shipley. Frank N. Meyer, Plant Hunter in Asia. Ames: Iowa State University Press, 1984, p. 220.
hit by a hurricane: Harris. Fruits of Eden, p. 207.
more arduous every day: Bell, C. Ritchie. “Frank N. Meyer: Plant Hunter in Asia by Isabel Shipley Cunningham.” Isis 76, no. 4 (1985): 618–19.
“Heimweh”: Shurtleff, William, H. T. Huang, and Akiko Aoyagi. History of Soybeans and Soyfoods in China and Taiwan. Soyinfo Center, 2014, p. 764.
“The specter of a lonely old age”: Cunningham. Frank N. Meyer, Plant Hunter in Asia, p. 209.
“At eighteen”: Cunningham. Frank N. Meyer, Plant Hunter in Asia, p. 220.
wild pear forests in the region of Jehol: Fairchild, David. “An Agricultural Explorer in China.” Asia: The American Magazine on the Orient 21, no. 1 (January 1921): 7–13.
“put a little less officialness”: Cunningham. Frank N. Meyer, Plant Hunter in Asia, p. 38.
“We have only one life to live”: Letter from David Fairchild to Frank Meyer. March 25, 1917. National Agricultural Library, Beltsville, MD.
“The loneliness and the hardships”: Letter from Frank Meyer to David Fairchild. February 10, 1917. National Agricultural Library, Beltsville, MD.
“nervous sleeplessness”: Cunningham. Frank N. Meyer, Plant Hunter in Asia, p. 217.
“the paralyzing effect”: Cunningham. Frank N. Meyer, Plant Hunter in Asia, p. 220.
“It is difficult to imagine”: Letter from David Fairchild to Frank Meyer. May 2, 1917. National Agricultural Library, Beltsville, MD.
“I tried to write for a few nights”: Letter from Frank Meyer to David Fairchild. May 22, 1917. National Agricultural Library, Beltsville, MD.
“The change from ‘roughing it’”: Letter from Frank Meyer to David Fairchild. May 22, 1917. National Agricultural Library, Beltsville, MD.
“Proposed Resignation”: Cunningham. Frank N. Meyer, Plant Hunter in Asia, p. 225.
“Is it strange that a man”: Letter from Frank Meyer to David Fairchild. May 22, 1917. National Agricultural Library, Beltsville, MD.
kill all unnecessary animals: Letter from Frank Meyer to David Fairchild. June 5, 1917. National Agricultural Library, Beltsville, MD.
“We are all much grieved”: Letter from David Fairchild to Frank Meyer. June 29, 1917. National Agricultural Library, Beltsville, MD.
“a bad piece of business”: Letter from Frank Meyer to David Fairchild. October 24, 1917. National Agricultural Library, Beltsville, MD.
“the serious questions of plant introduction work”: Letter from David Fairchild to Frank Meyer. July 27, 1917. National Agricultural Library, Beltsville, MD.
“Food . . . Don’t Waste It”: Food: Don’t Waste It. Philadelphia: Committee on Public Safety, Department of Food Supply, 1914. https://archive.org/details/CAT31157947.
“No one can adequately describe”: Fairchild. The World Was My Garden, p. 458.
“I thought for a moment”: Fairchild. The World Was My Garden, p. 464.
“You speak in one of your recent letters”: Letter from David Fairchild to Frank Meyer. July 27, 1917. National Agricultural Library, Beltsville, MD.
“What would become of our social structure”: Letter from Frank Meyer to David Fairchild. August 1, 1917. National Agricultural Library, Beltsville, MD.
“I have become so calloused”: Letter from Frank Meyer to David Fairchild. September 8, 1917. National Agricultural Library, Beltsville, MD.
“As I am writing we hear”: Letter from Frank Meyer to David Fairchild. February 1, 1918. National Agricultural Library, Beltsville, MD.
“Do not become despondent”: Letter from David Fairchild to Frank Meyer. March 6, 1918. National Agricultural Library, Beltsville, MD.
He had lost weight: Sokobin, Samuel. “U.S. Consulate Report on the Death of Frank Meyer.” June 12, 1917. National Agricultural Library, Beltsville, MD.
“In the glorious luxuriance”: USDA Agricultural Research Service, National Germplasm Resources Laboratory. 19th and 20th Century Plant Hunters. By Allan Stoner and Kim Hummer. 2007. Excerpted in Horticultural Science 42, no. 2 (2007): 197–99.
“Times certainly are sad and mad”: Letter from Frank Meyer to David Fairchild. May 18, 1918. National Agricultural Library, Beltsville, MD.
he considered Meyer’s death a mystery: Fairchild. The World Was My Garden, p. 455.
“they will all be his”: Fairchild. The World Was My Garden, p. 455.
Meyer left one thousand dollars: “Last Will and Testament of Frank N. Meyer.” National Agricultural Library. Beltsville, MD.
The Meyer Medal: Harrison, Melanie. “The Meyer Medal.” E-mail interview by author. February 23, 2016. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Plant Genetic Resources Conservation Unit.
CHAPTER TWENTY: Wij Zijn Amerikanen
Fairchild watched the animal struggle: Fairchild, David. Garden Islands of the Great East: Collecting Seeds from the Philippines and Netherlands India in the Junk “Chêng Ho.” New York: C. Scribner’s Sons, 1943, pp. 83–84.
Fairchild mostly gave up: Pauly, Philip J. Biologists and the Promise of American Life: From Meriwether Lewis to Alfred Kinsey. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2000, p. 88.
Quarantine #37: Kohlstedt, Sally Gregory, and David Kaiser, eds. Science and the American Century: Readings from Isis. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2013, p. 52.
ominous disease: Marlatt, C. L., et al. Plant Regulatory Announcements. January–June 1922. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1922, p. 81.
“If the average American knew”: Marlatt, Charles Lester. “Protecting the United States from Plant Pests.” National Geographic, August 1921, 205–18.
“the most tremendous of all experiences”: Fairchild, David. “The Jungles of Panama.” National Geographic, February 1922, 131–46.
new explorers spent lavishly: Harris, Amanda. Fruits of Eden: David Fairchild and America’s Plant Hunters. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2015, pp. 214–232.
/> He met a smart and pretty bamboo researcher: Rosengarten, Frederic J. Wilson Popenoe: Agricultural Explorer, Educator, and Friend of Latin America. Lawai, Hawaii: National Tropical Botanic Garden, 1991, pp. 89–98.
He told his staff: Fairchild. The World Was My Garden, p. 473.
Florida . . . an attractive place to vacation: Florida Center for Instructional Technology. “Florida’s Land Boom.” University of South Florida, 2002. http://fcit.usf.edu/florida/lessons/ld_boom/ld_boom1.htm.
people even bought land underwater: Bryson, Bill. One Summer: America, 1927. New York: Doubleday, 2013, chapter 19.
Florida became a new frontier: Boulton, Alexander O. “The Tropical Twenties.” American Heritage 41, no. 4 (May/June 1990): 88–95.
“the Kampong”: Fairchild, David. The World Grows Round My Door: The Story of the Kampong, a Home on the Edge of the Tropics. New York: C. Scribner’s Sons, 1947.
The steamships of earlier days: Douglas, Marjory Stoneman. Adventures in a Green World: The Story of David Fairchild and Barbour Lathrop. Coconut Grove, FL: Field Research Projects, 1973, p. 53.
Fairchild often hosted Lathrop . . . along with the Bells: Fairchild. The World Was My Garden, p. 420.
“the major romance in the story of my life”: Fairchild. The World Was My Garden, p. 81.
One obituary would say thirteen: “Barbour Lathrop: Botanist Who Spent Fifty Years in Quest of Rare Plants Dies at 80.” New York Times, May 18, 1927.
“His blue eyes sparkle”: Fairchild. The World Was My Garden, p. v.
“What’s the most interesting thing”: Pancoast, Helene. “DF as Granddad.” Interview by author. Fall 2014. Coconut Grove, FL.
“in our philosophy dangers to health lurk”: Fairchild, David. Garden Islands of the Great East: Collecting Seeds from the Philippines and Netherlands India in the Junk “Chêng Ho.” New York: C. Scribner’s Sons, 1943, p. 15.
faraway people ate papaya leaves: Siddiq, Muhammad, ed. Tropical and Subtropical Fruits: Postharvest Physiology, Processing and Packaging. Ames, IA: Wiley-Blackwell, 2012.
balance blood sugar, boost immunity: Myszko, Amy. “Papaya Leaf Tea Benefits.” SFGATE, San Francisco Chronicle. Accessed February 2, 2016. http://healthyeating.sfgate.com/papaya-leaf-tea-benefits-10422.html.