by R J Andrews
Binding, 95
Birds, vision in, 82
Bitgood, Stephen, 126
Blixen, Karen, 134
Boat stories, 206
Bonacci fillius, 17
Boole, George, 18
Booleans, 18, 18, 19
Borges, Jorge Luis, 52
Boroditsky, Lera, 55
Box, George E.P., 115
Box plots, 101, 101, 119, 119
Brahmi alphabet, 17
Brahmi numeral system, 16
Brightness, 81
Brinton, Willard C., 29
Brown, James, 14, 20, 21
Browne, Robert, 110
Brynjolfsson, Erik, 204
Buddha, xii
Buddhist philosophy, 42
C
Cabinets of curiosities, 132
Cairo, Alberto, 71, 120
Calculus, 53
Calendars, 52, 56
Calvino, Italo, 42, 49, 99, 110
Cameron, William Bruce, 156
Campbell, Joseph, 7, 7, 164, 203
Carrier Bag Theory of Fiction, The (Le Guin), 205
Carroll, Lewis, vii, 37, 116
Carse, James P., 7, 63, 142
Carte chronographique (Barbeu-Dubourg), 74
Cartesian coordinate system, 60, 62, 63, 63, 64, 95
Case, Nicky, 174
Categories moving about for better forms, 96, 102, 102, 104
pulling together phenomena into, to be “seen,” 147
sorting by value, 32
visual cognition with, 41, 82, 83, 88, 147
Category extension, 36–37, 38–39, 65
Cathedrals, orientation of, 176–184, 188, 189, 192–196
Census population data, 32–33
Central limit theorem, 27
Certainty, and truth, 118–120
Chaos theory, 109
Chaplin, Charlie, 204–205
Chartres Cathedral, France, 182
Charts. See also Bar charts cathedral orientation using, 178–179, 182, 189, 192–193
connected scatter plot in, 104
context for, 14
design of, 205
as diagrams, 163
fictive motion language for, 49
pie charts, 62–63, 62, 207
polar coordinates on, 62, 63, 63, 64, 66
three-dimensional volume on, 76–77
time-series charts, 70
visualizing data using, 184
Chinese language, 17, 54
Chronographique (Barbeu-Dubourg), 74
Chronometric time, 53
Chronostatic time, 53
Chunking, 147–148, 190
City dwellers' perspective in, 63
grids in, 61
shapes on maps for population of, 74
Clay tablets, 24, 24, 25, 25, 26
Cleveland, William, 43, 70, 87, 94, 96, 100
Climate data sketch, 109
Clocks, 54, 62, 62
Coleman, Laurence, 131
Color, 79–88 categories of, in visual cognition, 41, 82, 83, 88, 147
conveying information using, 82, 84, 88
effective use of palette in, 87–88
emotional tone and, 152
grey values and, 80–81
highlighting with, 81, 83, 86
learnability and semantic use of, 83
luminance and, 80, 81, 85, 87, 88
meaning conveyed by, 68
perception of, 82, 84–85, 87, 88
printing and, 84, 84
quantitative palettes in, 86–87
range of models for, 82–83, 84–85, 84, 86
tables with, 32
Color vision, 82, 84–85
Color wheels, 82–83, 86
Comics, 139, 160
Comparisons data exploration using, 92–94
juxtaposed, 94
meaning built on, 189
superposed, 94
Confidence interval, 118–120, 118, 119
Connected scatter plot, 104
Context chart creation and, 14
facts and need for, 14, 29
individual perspectives on data stories and, 15, 20–21
material origins of data and, 15
Cosmic clocks, 54
Counting, 45–56 assembly-number metaphor in, 46–47, 48
common experience of tallying objects by, 46
concept of zero in, 46
distance-number metaphor in, 48–49
fractions in, 46, 48
length measurements and, 47, 47
length-number metaphor in, 47–48
newborns and, 93
object-number metaphor in, 46
systems for, 16–18
timelines and, 52–53
Courage, 10
Creationism, 170
Creation myths, 4, 52
Creative Routines (poster), 3
Creativity, 173, 198, 200–201
Credible interval, 118
Cruciform plans, 176–177, 196
Curie, Marie, 204
Curiosity data exploration and, 104
design thinking and, 29–30
human nature with, 138, 173
information gap theory of, 38
as motivated search for answers, 15, 37
museum layouts and labels and, 127, 131, 132
novelty in design and, 152
storytelling and, 138–140
variety of projects maintained with, 198–199
visuals arousing, 145
Currey, Mason, 3
D
Daily Rituals (Currey), 3
Dashboard design, 10
Data context and material origins of, 14, 22
daily rituals of creative people and, 3
digital production of, 26–27
effective presentation of facts in, 29
encoding in a visual form, 42–44
endangered species and, 2
energy of, 190
hero's journey as metaphor for encounters with, 7, 7, 9, 36, 121, 205
importance of learning human side and origins of, 28–29
information differentiated from, 30
meaningful information made with, 4
metaphors for visualizing, 19, 58, 68
polar and rectangular mental maps and, 64
reality as flow of, 56
relationships and nodes in portraying, 65
superficial contradiction between story and, 6–7
tabular arrangement of. See Tables
Unicode encoding of, 30
value creation and new sources of, 27
Databases, 19–20
Data exploration, 89–110, 176 changed approach for finding new ways of seeing in, 104
comparisons for, 92–94
data sketches for, 90–91, 98
mean (average) in, 97
median in, 98, 98
patterns for, 95–98
profiles of data in, 100–101
reordering data in, 102–104
transforming data in, 104–108
Data sketches climate example of, 109
methods used in, 90–92, 91, 98
trust in, 110
Data storage evolution of, 26
location and types in, 19–20, 19
mental models in, 20
tables for, 20, 31, 134
value types in, 18, 18, 19
Data stories, 4–10 context needed for, 14, 20–21
conveying information using, 4, 6, 207
critics of, 206–207
design of, 133–142
exploring and studying, 202
fictive motion in, 49
helmets illustration as example of, 8–9
hero's struggles and, 5–6, 5
interdisciplinary nature of, 9–10
mind's eye in, 42
narrative model for, 205–206
superficial contradiction between data and story in, 6–7
ways of packaging, 186
Data storytellers as heroes, 9, 10
, 11, 164–165
individual perspectives and context of, 15
trust and, 172
Data storytelling compressing information into relatable details in 21
creativity in, 200–201
diagram illustrating process of, 164–165
diagrams in, 159
digital tools used in, 201–202
editing in, 186–187, 186
encoding data in, 43
humanize-probe cycle in, 35, 35
lens metaphor for exploring and focusing in, 176, 186
prototypes in, 201
rejection of evidence in, 168
remixing in, 201
routines for, 198–199
sampling and, 116
workshopping in, 187–191
world building in, 58
Davis, Murray, 38
Dean, Bashford, 9, 9, 128
Decimal fractions, 17
Decimal points, 18, 31, 113
De Landa, Manuel, 158
Demographics, 25–26, 32
Descartes, René, 60, 61
Design. See also Graphic design; Visual design axis mundi reflected in, xii
precision in, 157–158
solving problems in, 29
Design thinking, 28–29
De Stijl movement, 148, 148
Deutsch, David, 41, 201
Diagrams, 159–165, 161 arrows used in, 161
concepts illustrated in, 163
conveying meaning using, 157, 160, 161–163
design of, 205
engineering and, 159–160
statistical charts as, 163
visual storytelling with, 184
working with data shown on, 164–165
Dionysius Exiguus, 52
Distance-number metaphor, 48–49
Douglass, Frederick, 167
Dragons heroes confronting, 5–6, 5
mythology's portrayal of, 6
Draw to Win (Roam), 163
Duarte, Nancy, 138
Dyson, Freeman J., 75
E
Eco, Umberto, 54, 155, 170
Eddington, Arthur, 13, 112
Egypt, Ancient, xii, 17, 64, 127, 148
Einstein, Albert, 50, 92
Eliade, Mircea, xiii, 5, 36
Elliot, T.S., 121
Emotional design, 151–152, 153, 155–156
Endangered Safari (interactive project), 2
Engineering, 158, 159 diagrams in, 159–160
precision in, 157–158
problem-solving in, 158–159
English language, 17, 54
Equal sign, 32
Euclid, 75
Euler, Leonhard, 107
Eve and Adam story, xii-xiii, 52
Evidence beliefs and, 170–171
data storytelling and rejection of, 168
science and, 117
Explanation cathedral story requiring, 188
diagrams and, 160
storytelling and, 7, 124, 134, 137
truth and, 138
Exploring data. See Data exploration
Eyes color perception and, 84–85
conveying information and, 44
F
Facts context needed for, 14, 29
data and effective presentation of, 29
Fahrenheit, Daniel Gabriel, 71
Ferguson, Kirby, 201
Fibonacci, 17
Fictive motion, 49
Flatland (Abbott), 58
Flesch, William, 171
Floating point (floats), 18–19, 18
Flynn, Kevin, 57
Forster, E.M., 140, 141
Fractions, 17, 46
France, cathedrals in, 177–178, 188, 194
Freedom From Fear (Rockwell), 144
French language, 95, 198
Frequentism, 114
Fry, Stephen, 172
Fukuyama, Francis, 171
Future time, perception of, 50, 51, 55
G
Gabler, Neal, 136
Gaby, Alice, 55
Gantt, Henry, 56
Gantt charts, 56
Gardner, Dan, 115
Gautama Buddha, xii
Geary, James, 41, 55, 152
Gemini program (NASA), 92, 93
Gemowe lines, 32
Genesis (Bible book), xii-xiii, 52
Geographic maps, 74, 161, 184
Geometric representations, conveying information using, 158
Géométrie, La (Descartes), 61
Gesamtkunstwerk, 132
Gestalt, 149
Gestalt effects, 147, 148
Gestalt psychology, 147
Gesture drawings, 90
Gettysburg Address (Lincoln), 16
Glass, Ira, 187
Globes, maps and curved surface of, 60, 63, 180
Goldman, William, 139, 168, 197, 200, 200
Gordon, J.E., 159
Graphicacy, 43, 43
Graphic design, 143–150. See also Visual design advertisements and, 144–145, 144, 145
characters in, 144
chunking information in, 147–148, 190
grids in, 145
guidelines for, 146–147
power of story and, 143
superficial decoration versus, 145, 145
trade-offs in, 148
World War II poster example of, 143
Graphical information. See also Charts helmets illustration as example of, 8–9
horizontal dimension and, 68, 69, 69
importance related to size in, 43–44, 72
individual fields with concept of and standards for, 9
proportion and, 44
shapes used in, 74–78
skill in using, 43
smaller shapes assembled into bigger patterns in, 77–78
three-dimensional volume on, 76–77
up direction and vertical dimension and, 68–69, 68, 69
Graphs dashed line on, 71
metaphor of display in, 43
node-link networks on, 65–66
scales used in, 71, 71
time shown on, 70–71
Graunt, John, 25–26, 27, 31
Greece, Ancient, xi, 17, 26, 61, 104, 127, 128
Greek language, xi, 33, 40, 41, 61, 107, 120, 149
Gregorian calendar, 52
Grids, in graphic design, 145
Guy, William A., 25
H
Hammett, Dashiell, 20
Hangul Korean alphabet, 149
Harari, Yuval Noah, 24, 56, 63
Harmonograf, 56
Hawaiian language, 44
Helmets, illustration on evolution of, 8–9
Heroes collective body of knowledge expanded by, 6
data storytellers as, 9, 10, 11, 164–165
dragons and monsters of abyss confronted by, 5–6, 5
journey of, as metaphor for encounters with data, 7, 7, 9, 36, 121, 205
narrative model for, 205
time-series progression of, 70
Hidalgo, César, 56, 126, 140
Highlighting color for, 81, 83, 86
line weight in charts for, 32
navigation using, 130, 149
spans of time with, 56
Hill, George Roy, 187
Hindu-Arabic numeral system, 16, 17
Hinge diagram, 101
Histograms, 100–101, 100
Hofstadter, Douglas R., 21, 36, 39, 40, 41, 145, 147, 188
Horizontal dimension bar charts and, 73, 74
data exploration and, 109
meaning and, 68, 69, 69
progress bars and, 73
time associated with, 69–71
Howard, Ronald A., 118
Huff, Darrell, 27, 95, 119
Hui Tzu, 54
Humboldt, Alexander von, 9
I J
Icons, 160, 190
Imaginary numbers, 17
Impact of Science on Myth, The (Campbell), 7
India, numeral systems in, 17
Infographics, 1
0, 54, 132
Information design, 11, 160
Integers, 18, 19
Irrational numbers, 46, 48
Isaacson, Walter, 185
Ishango bone, 16
Isotypes, 72
Janus (Roman god), 112, 112
Johnson, Mark, 37, 39, 39, 46, 49, 69, 170
Johnson, Steven, 198
Jung, Carl, 135, 142, 196
Jurassic Park (novel), 109
Juxtaposition in comparison, 94
K
K, for kilo, 33
Katz, Steven, 136, 139
Kay, Paul, 83
Kennedy, John F., 163
Kent, Sherman, 113
Keynes, John Maynard, 113
King, Martin Luther, Jr., 163, 163
Kling, Arnold, 114
King Records, 14
Köbel, Jacob, 47
Koffka, Kurt, 147
Kolbert, Elizabeth, 168
Korean alphabet, 149
L
Labels, in design, 130–131
Lakoff, George, 19, 37, 39, 39, 46, 49, 69, 170
Language color names in, 83
fictive motion portrayed in, 49
number line location in, 49
probability and, 113
reading direction and, 53–54
visual media supporting, 149
Laplace, Pierre-Simon, 27
Latin alphabet, 53
Latin cross, 176
Latin language, xi, xii, 10, 24, 52, 60, 92, 152, 158, 172, 174, 190
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm, 53
Le Guin, Ursula, 205, 205
Le Mans Cathedral, France, 182
Length measurement bodily measures in, 47, 47
cathedral comparisons for, 181
charts and, 72–73, 74–75
counting and, 47–48
precision in, 157
rulers and, 117
travel distance and, 48–50
Length-number metaphor, 47–48
Leonardo Bonacci, 17
Levasseur, Pierre E., 73, 189
Levine, Marvin, 127