156. 13 December 1913, Cox diary.
157. ILT&SJ, 7 November 1914.
158. Mackey, p. 25.
159. O’Higgins, p. 70.
160. IT, 2 November 1974.
161. Mackey, p. 25.
Chapter 2 An arduous road
1. Costello memorandum on Bodkin, 29 January 1960, JACP, P190/813.
2. Burke to Costello, 14 July 1949, JACP, P190/386.
3. Interview with Declan Costello.
4. “Seven Days”.
5. “Seven Days”.
6. IT, 10 March 1937—Kennedy was clearly something of an enthusiast for snuff, leaving other snuff boxes to W.T. Cosgrave and to solicitor John Burke.
7. O’Higgins, T.F., A Double Life, p. 74.
8. Interview with Ronan Keane.
9. Quoted in Kissane, Bill, Explaining Irish Democracy, p. 61.
10. Quoted in Callanan, Frank, T.M. Healy, p. 442.
11. Hogan, Daire, The Legal Profession in Ireland, 1789–1922, p. 5.
12. Ferguson, Kenneth (ed.), King’s Inns Barristers, p. 70.
13. Healy, Maurice, The Old Munster Circuit, p. 43.
14. Quoted in Ferguson (ed.), p. 61.
15. Quoted in Meenan, George O’Brien, p. 44.
16. Mackey, p. 21.
17. Lindsay, Patrick, Memories, p. 97.
18. Ferguson (ed.), p. 77.
19. ILT&SJ, 26 February 1916.
20. Ibid.
21. IT, 12 March 1945.
22. London Gazette, 10 December 1915.
23. London Gazette, 23 June 1916.
24. Medal Card, TNA, 35895/23202.
25. II, 8 January 1918.
26. IT, 12 March 1945.
27. Ibid.
28. Website of Blackburn with Darwen Borough Council, http://www.blackburn.gov.uk
29. IT, 12 March 1945.
30. 28 October 1948, speech to Trinity College Philosophic Society, JACP, P190/447.
31. ILT&SJ, 14 November 1914.
32. Hogan, p. 144.
33. ILT&SJ, 28 June 1919.
34. Note on Bodkin’s life, in Bodkin Papers, TCD, MSS 7003/295.
35. Healy, Maurice, pp 175 and 179.
36. Ibid., pp 65 and 89.
37. “Seven Days”.
38. DÉD, 27 November 1935, Vol. 59, Cols. 1456 and 1467.
39. JACP, P190/3, contains the original brief for the case.
40. Burke to Costello, 14 July 1949, JACP, P190/386.
41. Burke to Costello, 8 May 1949, JACP, P190/386. Declan Costello recalls Burke as being slightly eccentric, although he did do his father another favour, persuading him to invest in Hicks furniture for Herbert Park. Interview with Declan Costello.
42. Interview with Tom Finlay.
43. 8 December 1969, Tom Finlay speech at retirement dinner, JACP, P190/350.
44. De Valera, Terry, A Memoir, p. 205.
45. Interview with Tom Finlay.
46. “Seven Days”.
47. Ibid.
48. ILT&SJ, 29 April 1916.
49. Typed extract from II, 23 July 1956, of Taoiseach’s speech to military parade at Youghal, JACP, P190/660.
50. ILT&SJ, 15 July 1916.
51. Interview with Ronan Keane.
52. ILTR, 1916, pp 177/8.
53. Ferguson (ed.), p. 422.
54. ILT&SJ, 26 April 1919.
55. ILT&SJ, 4 February 1928.
56. ILT&SJ, 17 April 1920.
57. Hogan, The Legal Profession in Ireland, pp 149/50.
58. IT, 15 November 1966.
59. Quoted in Kotsonouris, Mary, Retreat from Revolution: the Dáil Courts, 1920–24, p. 23.
60. IT, 21 November 1966.
61. Quoted in Ferguson (ed.), p. 90.
62. Ferguson (ed.), pp 90/1.
63. Kotsonouris, p. 32.
64. IT, 2 November 1974: “The life and thoughts of a perfectly happy man; Saturday Interview: Henry Kelly talks to JAC”.
65. ILT&SJ, 26 June 1920.
66. ILT&SJ, 6 November 1920.
67. ILT&SJ, 6 March 1920.
68. ILT&SJ, 20 November 1920.
69. ILT&SJ, 10 July 1920.
70. ILT&SJ, 17 July 1920.
71. ILT&SJ, 24 July 1920.
72. ILT&SJ, 25 September 1920.
73. Figures given by Sir Hamar Greenwood in the House of Commons; quoted in ILT&SJ, 21 August 1920.
74. ILT&SJ, 21 August 1920.
75. IT, 1, 8 and 27 November 1919.
76. 18 November 19, T.M. Healy to his brother Maurice, UCDA, P6/E/2: “I am going to London Saturday night for a court martial upon Father O’Donnell on Monday before the Australians. Lynch and a junior are also coming.” Costello does not appear to have been mentioned again.
77. IT, 27 November 1919.
78. ILTR, 1920, p. 67, Riordan v. County Council of Clare, Ennis, 3 March 1920, before O’Connor LJ.
79. Laffan, Michael, The Resurrection of Ireland, p. 330.
80. Ibid., p. 269.
81. ILT&SJ, 10 July 1920.
82. ILT&SJ, 2 October 1920.
83. Note on Bodkin’s life, in Bodkin Papers, TCD, MSS 7003/295.
84. Healy, p. 180.
85. 18 June 1955, Thomas Bodkin to Costello, JACP, P190/813.
86. Hopkinson, Michael (ed.), The Last days of Dublin Castle: The Mark Sturgis Diaries, entry for 29 September 1920, p. 48.
87. Ibid., entry for 12 August 1920, p. 89.
88. Ibid., entry for 17 January 1921, pp 111/2.
89. Macready, Annals of an Active Life, pp 586/7.
90. Sturgis Diary, p. 165.
91. Sturgis Diary, 27 August 1921, p. 165.
92. Macready, pp 586/7.
93. Affidavit of John B. Lynch, solicitor, 2 July 1921, JACP, P190/10. See also Foxton, David, Revolutionary lawyers, p. 288.
94. “Seven Days”.
95. Judgment in Egan case, 26 July 1921, JACP, P190/6.
96. Hopkinson, p. 186.
97. JACP, P190/10, copy of Writ of Summons, 14 June 1921.
98. “Seven Days”.
99. Healy, pp 149/50.
100. Hopkinson, p. 111.
101. Copy statement in JACP, P190/5.
102. O’Neill, Tom, The Battle of Clonmult: The IRA’ s Worst Defeat, p. 13.
103. Ibid., p. 29.
104. Ibid., p. 34.
105. Ibid., p. 38.
106. Macready affadvit, 11 July 1921, in JACP, P190/6.
107. See JACP, P190/6.
108. See JACP, P190/9.
109. See for instance Macready affidavit in Egan case, 27 June 1921, JACP, P190/7.
110. Copy of judgment, JACP, P190/6.
111. Macready, pp 588/9.
112. Undated Daily Sketch cutting, UCDA, P4/160.
113. “Seven Days”.
114. II, 2 August 1921.
115. Macready, pp 590.
116. Ibid., pp 590–94.
117. Ibid.
118. II, 2 August 1921.
119. Macready, pp 590–94.
120. Kennedy note of appeal, 11 November 1921, UCDA, P4/147.
121. Hogan, Daire, The Honourable Society of King’s Inns, p. 22.
122. See Ó Longaigh, Seosamh, Emergency Law in Independent Ireland, 1922–48, pp 25/6, and ILT&SJ, 25 November 1922.
123. Egan to Kennedy, 26 May 1924, UCDA, P4/147.
124. See correspondence in JACP, P190/389.
125. FG Digest, February 1956, JACP, P190/737.
126. Ave Maria, 4 January 1950.
127. Michael Hayes to Tom O’Higgins, 24 November 1959, UCDA, P53,270.
128. JACP, P190/6.
129. Costello to Secretary, D/F, 17 February 1927, in NAI, AG 18/27. The total fees for the three barristers were: Lynch £97.13.0; Kennedy £72.9.0; Costello £43.1.0. This did not include the fees for the appeal taken by the British.
130. FG Digest, Feburary 1956, JACP, P190/737.
131. “Seven Days”.
132. ILT&SJ, 22 April 1922.
133. ILT&SJ, 1 an
d 8 July 1922.
134. ILT&SJ, 21 October 1922.
135. ILT&SJ, 20 January 1923.
136. Ferguson (ed.), p. 52.
137. Ibid., p. 104.
138. Ibid., p. 422.
139. Cronin, Patrick, Boss Croker, p. 4.
140. Ibid., p. 10.
141. TIME magazine, 22 August 1955.
142. Cronin, p. 10.
143. IT, 1 June 1923.
144. Tulsa World, 16 April 1933, available online at the Tulsa American Indian Resource Centre website, www.tulsalibrary.org/airc/
145. IT, 1 June 1923.
146. Cronin, p. 13.
147. Ibid., p. 14.
148. IT, 1 June 1923.
149. De Valera, Terry, A Memoir, p. 167.
150. Kennedy to O’Hanlon, 28 May 1923, UCDA, P4/134.
151. O’Hanlon to Kennedy, 24 May 1923, UCDA, P4/134.
152. O’Hanlon to Kennedy, 20 June 1923, UCDA, P4/134.
153. Kennedy to Henry O’Hanlon, 28 May 1923, UCDA, P4/134.
154. O’Hanlon to Kennedy, 20 June 1923, UCDA, P4/134.
155. Kotsonouris, p. 110.
156. IT, 2 June 1923.
157. IT, 2 June 1923.
158. ILT&SJ, 9 June 1923.
159. IT, 5 June 1923.
160. IT, 7 June 1923.
161. IT, 9 June 1923.
162. IT, 12 June 1923.
163. IT, 15 June 1923.
164. IT, 16 June 1923.
165. IT, 20 June 1923.
166. IT, 23 June 1923.
167. IT, 3 July 1923.
168. 12 November 1929, Diarmuid O’Hegarty to W.T. Cosgrave, NAI, S 5340/13.
169. TIME magazine, 19 August 1929—the magazine may not have been as accurate as could be wished—it referred to Mr and Mrs Croker living in “Iceland”!
170. Palm Beach Daily News website, photo caption by Augustus Mayhew.
171. ILTR, 1923, p. 21.
172. ILTR, 1923, p. 57.
173. Kotsonouris, p. 85.
174. Interview with Declan Costello.
175. Sheehy Skeffington, p. 248.
176. 28 February 1950, Costello to John Richardson, NAI, Taoiseach’s Private Office, 97/9/1065.
177. Interview with Jacqueline Armstrong.
178. News Review, 14 April 1949.
179. Undated cutting from Tuam Herald, c. 1926, JACP, P190/48.
180. IT, 6 July 1929.
181. Interview with Declan Costello.
182. Interview with Declan Costello.
183. Interview with Declan Costello.
184. Thom’s Directories, 1920 to 1924.
185. Wilfrid Costello doesn’t appear to have suffered from a specific condition. Family members simply refer to him having a mental disability.
186. 20 February 1952, Very Rev. Dom Bernard O’Dea to Costello, JACP, P190/616.
187. Interview with Declan Costello.
188. “One to One: Declan Costello”.
189. Ferguson (ed.).
190. Ronan Fanning, “Alexis FitzGerald” in Lynch and Meenan (eds), p 12.
191. News Review, 14 April 1949, interview with Costello, JACP, P190/547.
192. News Review, 14 April 1949.
193. Ibid.
194. Interview with Declan Costello.
195. Thom’s Directory, 1924.
Chapter 3 He has done wonderful work
1. 8 December 1969, Costello speech at retirement presentation, JACP, P190/350.
2. 11 December 1969, Hugh Kennedy diary entry, UCDA, P4/41.
3. Letter to the author from Liam Cosgrave. Mr Cosgrave said he could say the same for Declan Costello, who “was always right and his opinion quickly given”.
4. 18 May 1922, Kennedy to O’Higgins, NAI, S 1114 A.
5. “Seven Days”.
6. Costello speech at retirement presentation, JACP, P190/350.
7. “Seven Days”.
8. Regan, John M., The Irish Counter-Revolution, p. 252.
9. “Seven Days”.
10. Thom’s Directory, 1923.
11. 18 May 1922, Kennedy to O’Higgins, NAI, S 1114 A.
12. Costello speech at retirement presentation, JACP, P190/350.
13. UCDA, P4/624, P4/626, P4/629, P4/630 and P4/631.
14. 27 October 1922, Kennedy to Costello, P4/625.
15. Costello opinion, in P4/625.
16. 14 November 1923, Secretary, Department of Home Affairs, to members of the Executive Council, NAI, S 3400.
17. Ó Longaigh, Seosamh, Emergency Law, p. 58.
18. 9 November 1923, Kennedy to O’Higgins, NAI, S 3400.
19. 16 November 1923, Executive Council minutes, NAI, S 3400.
20. Costello memorandum in UCDA, P24/190.
21. 18 December 1923, Kennedy to O’Friel, NAI, S 3400.
22. 23 October 1924, O’Higgins to each Minister, NAI, S 3400.
23. Ó Longaigh, p. 59.
24. IT, 11 August 1923.
25. Garvin, Tom, Judging Lemass, p. 39.
26. IT, 16 October 1923.
27. 30 April 1924, Cosgrave to Kennedy, UCDA, P4/588.
28. 1 May 1924, Kennedy to Cosgrave, UCDA, P4/588.
29. 7 June 1924, warrant of appointment, NAI, S 9330.
30. 7 June 1924, O’Byrne to Cosgrave, NAI, S 3874 A.
31. Ferguson, Kenneth (ed.), King’s Inns Barristers, 1868–2004, p. 407.
32. 5 July 1924, Executive Council minutes, NAI, S 3874 A.
33. 14 May 1970, Costello to Brian Lennon S.J., JACP, P190/921.
34. 29 April 1925, Costello to Secretary of the Executive Council, NAI, S 3874 A.
35. 30 April 1925, Kennedy to Secretary of the Executive Council, NAI S 3874 A.
36. NAI, S 3874 A.
37. IT, 7 May 1925.
38. 8 January 1926, extract from Executive Council minutes; 9 January 1926, McDunphy to Hugh Kennedy; 12 January 1926, A. McHugh, private secretary to Chief Justice to O’Hegarty.NAI S 9330.
39. IT, 11 January 1926.
40. IT, 19 January 1926.
41. J.P. Casey, The Office of the Attorney General in Ireland, pp 174/5.
42. Costello speech at retirement presentation, JACP, P190/350.
43. 22 March 1932, Minister for Finance memorandum, NAI S 9332.
44. See details of burial plots, JACP, P190/957.
45. IT, 23 January 1926.
46. 18 May 1922, Kennedy to O’Higgins, NAI, S 1114 A.
47. DÉD, 6 December 1923, Vol 5, cols 1551–1568.
48. 22 December 1930, Cosgrave to Costello, NAI, S 1114 A.
49. 30 December 1930, Costello to Cosgrave, NAI, S 1114 A.
50. Casey, p. 178.
51. 1 January 1931, Cosgrave note, NAI, S 1114 A.
52. 1 February 1932 unsigned memorandum, NAI S 1114 A; see also Casey, pp 55/6.
53. 5 July 1937, Costello to Hogan, JACP, P190/334.
54. 22 March 1932, Minister for Finance memorandum, NAI S 9332.
55. 10 March 1932, Executive Council minutes, NAI S 9332.
56. 22 December 1936, Government decision, NAI S 1114 A; 18 February 1948, notes for Taoiseach’s discussion with the new Attorney General, NAI, S 14169.
57. 20 February 1948, note by Maurice Moynihan, NAI, S 14169.
58. 8 March 1948, note by Maurice Moynihan, NAI S 14169.
59. 1 March 1948, note by Nicholas Nolan, NAI, S 14169.
60. 5 July 1937, Costello to Hogan, JACP, P190/334.
61. 6 January 1950, Moynihan note of discussion with the Taoiseach, NAI S 14169.
62. Casey, footnote, p. 216.
63. Regan, p. 153.
64. “Seven Days”.
65. De Vere White, Terence, Kevin O’Higgins, p. 178.
66. IT, 2 November 1974.
67. Casey, p. 45.
68. IT, 2 November 1974.
69. “Seven Days”.
70. Casey, p. 45.
71. Casey, p. 50.
72. British Cabinet Conclusions, 29 May 1922, quoted in
Sexton, Brendan, Ireland and the Crown, 1922–36, note 44, p. 196.
73. 1 June 1922, Lloyd George to Arthur Griffith, NAI, S 4285 A.
74. 2 June 1922, Griffith to Lloyd George, NAI, S 4285 A.
75. 11 June 1922, extract from letter from Hugh Kennedy, NAI, S 4285 A.
76. 22 September 1922, O’Higgins to Johnson, NAI S 4285 A.
77. 26 July 1923, The Times.
78. ILT&SJ, 4 March 1922.
79. ILT&SJ, 3 March 1923.
80. 25 July 1923, notes of Privy Council sitting, NAI, S 4285 A.
81. 30 July 1923, Kennedy to Cosgrave, NAI, S 4285 A.
82. 7 December 1925, report of Privy Council hearing, NAI, AG 214/25.
83. 20 November 1930, McDunphy to Cosgrave, NAI, S 4285 A.
84. Bewley, Charles, Memoirs of a Wild Goose, p. 97.
85. No. 11/1926, Land Act, 1926.
86. 11 February 1926, Attorney General to Minister for Justice, NAI, AG 214/25.
87. Quoted in Harkness, David, The Restless Dominion, p. 114.
88. 16 April 1926, AG to Secretary, Department of External Affairs, NAI, AG 214/25.
89. 20 November 1930, McDunphy to Cosgrave, NAI, S 4285 A.
90. 31 October 1927, Minister for Finance note for Government, UCDA, P80/963.
91. Maguire, Martin, The Civil Service and the revolution in Ireland, p. 193. There is an excellent, detailed account of the Wigg and Cochrane case in Maguire, pp 184 to 193.
92. 17 June 1927, Walshe to O’Hegarty, NAI, S 5090.
93. 8 January 1931, O’Hegarty to Costello, NAI, AG 214/25.
94. 4 March 1931, Costello to O’Hegarty, enclosing alternative drafts, in UCDA, P24/96.
95. 10 March 1931, McDunphy to Costello, and 20 April 1931, McDunphy memo, NAI, S 6164.
96. 20 October 1931, Cabinet minutes, and 29 December 1931 McDunphy memo, NAI, S 6164.
97. “Seven Days”.
98. For one of many examples, see “Seven Days”.
99. 6 January 1976, 1330 News, RTÉ Radio.
100. MacBride, Seán, That Day’s Struggle, p. 117.
101. Ó Longaigh, p. 74.
102. NAI, S 2257.
103. Ó Longaigh, p. 75.
104. Ibid., p. 76.
105. MacGarry, Fearghal, Eoin O’Duffy, p. 178.
106. 26 July 1927, counsel’s opinion on High Court case no. 328 of 1927, JACP, P190/52.
107. 21 June 1927, counsel’s opinion, in UCDA, P150/2033.
108. 19 July 1927, Cabinet decision, NAI, S 5485.
109. 20 July 1927, Costello to O’Hegarty, NAI, S 5485.
110. 10 August 1927, O’Hegarty to Healy, NAI, S 5486.
111. 17 August 1927, McDunphy to Ceann Comhairle, NAI S 5485.
112. 18 August 1927, Executive Council decision, NAI, S 5485.
113. 19 August 1927, Colm Ó Murchada, Clerk of the Dáil, to McDunphy, NAI, S 5485.
The Reluctant Taoiseach Page 64