166. Quoted in IT, 5 September 1975. He had been equally critical of Lemass when he died, saying he was “ruthless in his efforts to achieve what he desired … impatient of criticism and immune to logical argument”, although he added that Lemass was also “a great debater, a forceful personality and a great leader of his party”. 11 May 1971, RTÉ 1330 News.
167. 25 September 1975, Hickman to Harding, TNA, PREM 16/324.
168. De Valera, Terry, A Memoir, p. 205.
169. Interview with Tom Finlay.
170. De Valera, pp 205/6.
171. IT, 2 November 1974.
172. Interview with Jacqueline Armstrong.
173. Interview with Mick Kilkenny.
174. Correspondence with Georgina and Isabelle Sutton.
175. Interview with Tom Finlay.
176. Interview with Kyran FitzGerald.
177. Correspondence with Isabelle Sutton.
178. Interview with Kyran FitzGerald.
179. Interview with Jack Christal.
180. Interview with Jack Christal.
181. Interview with Kyran FitzGerald.
182. Interview with Jacqueline Armstrong.
183. Death certificate, General Register Office.
184. Interview with Kyran FitzGerald.
185. Interview with Jack Christal.
186. Conversation with Harvey Kenny.
187. Interview with Kyran FitzGerald.
188. Correspondence with Michael V. O’Mahony; Costello spoke on this topic at Mr O’Mahony’s inaugural address as Auditor of the Solicitors Apprentices Debating Society on 28 November 1963.
189. SI, 3 November 1974.
190. Interview with Tom Finlay.
191. Correspondence with Michael V. O’Mahony. In fact, one of the judges, Frederick Budd, was born in 1904, 10 years before Costello’s call. The other judges were Chief Justice Tom O’Higgins, born in 1916, Brian Walsh (1918), Seamus Henchy (1917) and Frank Griffin (1919).
192. 12 December 1969, motion establishing Tribunal, in NAI, 200/6/518.
193. Hibernia, 19 December 1969.
194. Interview with Muiris Mac Conghail.
195. 23 January 1970, This Week in Ireland.
196. Interview with Muiris Mac Conghail.
197. 6 August 1970, D/T summary of findings, NAI, 2001/6/440.
198. 16 February 1972, Condon to Jack Lynch, NAI, 2003/16/417.
199. 11 February 1973, “This Week”, RTÉ Radio.
200. 5 March 1973, “1330 News”, RTÉ Radio.
201. Collins, Stephen, The Cosgrave Legacy, p. 140.
202. Interview with Alexis FitzGerald.
203. Interview with Muiris Mac Conghail.
204. Interview with Jacqueline Armstrong.
205. 6 September 1966, Lefty Lewis to Costello, JACP, P190/960.
206. Interview with Kyran FitzGerald.
207. Death certificate, General Register Office.
208. Interview with Mick Kilkenny.
209. Interview with Jack Christal.
210. Interview with Kyran FitzGerald.
211. Calculation by Central Statistics Office. The exact equivalent is €688,996.46.
212. Will, NAI.
213. IT, 19 December 1975. Mr Justice Budd did not long survive Costello, dying in February; IT, 10 February 1976.
214. 7 January 1976, Bishop Carroll homily, in possession of Costello family.
215. IP, 6 January 1976.
216. 7 January 1976, Wilson to Cosgrave, and 7 January 1976, Ford to Cosgrave, both in NAI, 2006/133/405.
217. II, 7 January 1976.
218. 7 January 1976, note by Dermot Nally on funeral arrangements, NAI 2006/133/405.
219. Carroll was titular Bishop of Quaestoriana.
220. 7 January 1976, Bishop Carroll homily, in possession of Costello family.
221. IT, 13 January 1976.
Chapter 15 Measuring up (pp 409–414)
1. 8 December 1969, speech to retirement function, JACP, P190/350.
2. The Leader, 17 February 1951.
3. 8 December 1969, speech to retirement function, JACP, P190/350.
4. Manning, Dillon; Keane, MacBride; Horgan, Browne.
5. The 28-pence stamp featured a charcoal drawing of Costello by Sean O’Sullivan; the other stamps in the series were a 32-pence commemoration of the death of Charles Stewart Parnell and a 52-pence stamp commemorating the bicentenary of the first meeting of the United Irishmen.
6. Hartnett profile of Costello, Development magazine, JACP, P190/969.
7. CIA report on Ireland, HST, PSF Box 256, SR-48, p. 38
8. The Leader, 17 February 1951.
9. Interview with T.K. Whitaker.
10. 13 May 1944, Costello to Burke, NLI, John L. Burke Papers, Ms. 36,101 (7).
11. Garvin, Tom, Preventing the future, p. 254.
12. Puirséil, Niamh, The Irish Labour Party, p. 311.
13. Letter from Liam Cosgrave, 7 November 2008.
14. Horgan, John, Seán Lemass, p. 120.
15. Horgan, Lemass, p. 138. The advice was given to Seán Flanagan.
16. Entry on Costello, by Charles Lysaght, in McGuire, James and Quinn, James, Dictionary of Irish Biography, p. 894.
17. Interview with Jacqueline Armstrong.
18. Conversation with Ronan Fanning.
19. Interview with Declan Costello.
20. Hartnett profile of Costello, Development magazine, JACP, P190/969.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
PRIMARY SOURCES:
Archives:
The various archives consulted are referred to in the Notes as follows:
— DDA—Dublin Diocesan Archives
McQuaid Papers
— DDE—Dwight D. Eisenhower Presidential Library
Eisenhower Appointment Books
Eisenhower Papers as President, International Series
White House Social Office records
White House Central Files
— HST—Harry S Truman Presidential Library
HST Papers
— JACP—John A. Costello Papers, Archives Department, UCD.
— LAC—Libraries and Archives of Canada
Department of External Affairs, RG 25
Diaries of William Lyon Mackenzie King. Available online: http://king.collectionscanada.gc.ca/EN/default.asp
— NAI—National Archives of Ireland
Attorney General’s Office (AG files)
Department of Justice (JUS files)
Department of the Taoiseach (S files)
Department of Foreign Affairs (DFA files)
Taoiseach’s Private Office
John A. Costello’s Will
— NLI—National Library of Ireland Manuscripts Department
Joseph Bigger Papers
John L. Burke Papers
W.G. Fallon Papers
Frank Gallagher Papers
Seán T. O’Kelly Papers
— PRONI—Public Records Office of Northern Ireland
CAB files
Cabinet conclusions
Prime Minister’s files
Personal Papers: Ulster Unionist Council; papers of Cahir Healy, Sir Douglas
Savoury
— TCD—Manuscripts Department, Trinity College Dublin
F.H. Boland Papers
Thomas Bodkin Papers
— TNA—The National Archives, Kew
Dominions Office
Foreign Office
Prime Minister’s office (PREM)
Cabinet Office (CAB)
— UCDA—Archives Department, University College Dublin
P 4: Hugh Kennedy papers
P 6: T.M. Healy papers
P 7: Richard Mulcahy papers
P 24: Ernest Blythe papers
P 35: Patrick McGilligan papers
P 39: Fine Gael papers
P 53: Michael Hayes papers
P 67: Seán MacEntee papers
P 80: Desmond FitzGerald papers
P 104: Frank Aiken pape
rs
P 122: Maurice Moynihan papers
P 150: Eamon de Valera papers
P 151: Seán MacEoin papers
P 194: Michael MacWhite papers
P 197: Kevin O’Higgins papers
SOC 2: Literary and Historical Society (L&H) papers
LA 30: Michael Tierney papers
— USNA—United States National Archives, College Park, Maryland
RG 59, Department of State Decimal File
RG 84, Dublin Legation, General Records
RG 84, Dublin Legation, Security Segregated Records
Other Archives:
— Allen Library—records of the O’Connell School
— Bar Council—records of King’s Inns
— Census 1911—available online: http://www.census.nationalarchives.ie/search/
— GRO—General Register Office for certificates of birth, marriage and death
— Irish Jesuit Archives—Arthur Cox Papers
— Arts Council Archive
Papers in private possession:
— F.H. Boland memoir—in the possession of his daughter, Mrs Mella Crowley
— Papers of Alexis FitzGerald—in possession of Kyran FitzGerald, and of Jacqueline and Fergus Armstrong
Interviews and Correspondence:
— Jacqueline Armstrong (granddaughter)
— Jack Christal (driver)
— Liam Cosgrave (fellow Fine Gael TD; Chief Whip 1948–51, Minister for External Affairs 1954–57, Party Leader 1966–77)
— Declan Costello (son)
— John Costello (son)
— Tom Finlay (fellow barrister, Fine Gael TD 1954–57, Chief Justice 1985–94)
— Alexis FitzGerald (constituency organiser, Fine Gael TD and senator)
— Kyran FitzGerald (grandson)
— Ronan Keane (fellow barrister, Chief Justice 2000–04)
— Harvey Kenny (fellow barrister, later Circuit Court Judge)
— Mick Kilkenny (driver)
— Patrick Lynch (1996) (Private Secretary 1948–51; later Professor of Economics, UCD)
— Muiris Mac Conghail (Editor, “Seven Days”, RTÉ)
— Risteard Mulcahy (1996) (son of Richard Mulcahy)
— Louie O’Brien (1996) (personal secretary to Seán MacBride)
— Michael V. O’Mahony (solicitor, legal colleague)
— Richie Ryan (Fine Gael activist, solicitor, TD, later Minister for Finance)
— Georgina Sutton (granddaughter)
— Isabelle Sutton (granddaughter)
— T.K. Whitaker (1998 and 2010) (Secretary, Department of Finance, 1956–69)
Online resources:
— Oireachtas Debates: Available online at http://historical-debates.oireachtas.ie/index.html
DÉD—Dáil Éireann Debates
SÉD—Seanad Éireann Debates
— Election results—http://electionsireland.org/
— Irish Statute Book—http://acts.oireachtas.ie/en.toc.decade.html
Broadcast:
Apart from news programmes referenced in the notes, the following were used:
— “Seven Days”—Interview with John A. Costello by David Thornley, broadcast 24 June 1969
— “The Mother and Child Scheme”—radio documentary, broadcast 7 October 1980
— “The Republic of Ireland Act”—radio documentary, broadcast 26 March 1989
— “The Republic: Leaving the Commonwealth”—television documentary, broadcast 15 April 1999
— “One to One: Declan Costello”—television interview, broadcast 14 September 2009
Newspapers and Journals:
— EH—Evening Herald
— EP—Evening Press
— FJ—Freeman’s Journal
— II—Irish Independent
— ILT&SJ—Irish Law Times and Solicitors Journal
— ILTR—Irish Law Times Reports
— IT—Irish Times
— IP—Irish Press
— SI—Sunday Independent
— SP—Sunday Press
— NS—National Student (UCD student newspaper)
— Studies
— Thom’s Directory
— The Leader
— This Week in Ireland
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Books:
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The Reluctant Taoiseach Page 73