by Edward Short
194 LD, 16:105–06, JHN to Mrs. William Froude (dated 1854/1855?).
195 LD, 20:417, JHN to Mrs. William Froude (3 March 1863).
196 LD, 21:303–04, JHN to EBP (22 November 1864).
197 LD, 21:304, EBP to JHN (24 November 1864).
198 LD, 20:428, JHN to Charles Crawley (9 April 1863).
199 Letters of Matthew Arnold, 1848–88, ed. G. W. E. Russell (London, 1895), Vol. 1, pp. 38–39.
200 LD, 21:143, John Keble to JHN (28 June 1864).
201 LD, 21:305, EBP to JHN (24 November 1864).
202 LD, 21:315, JHN to EBP (25 November 1864).
203 LD, 24:125, JHN to EBP (16 August 1868).
204 Henry Edward Manning, The Workings of the Holy Spirit in the Church of England: A Letter to E.B. Pusey (London, 1890), p. 11.
205 Manning, The Workings of the Holy Spirit in the Church of England, p. 33.
206 Ibid., p. 29.
207 Apologia, p. 342.
208 Manning, The Workings of the Holy Spirit in the Church of England, pp. 49–50.
209 Ibid., p. 50.
210 Ibid., pp. 41–42.
211 Liddon, Life of Pusey, Vol. IV, p. 99.
212 Ibid., p. 102.
213 See LD, 20:413, JHN to W. J. Copeland (23 February 1863): “It has sometimes struck me, though perhaps it would be impossible to do it, till every one was dead – whether a most interesting and authentic account of the movement could not be given, mainly by means of Letters; i.e. if Pusey, Keble, myself etc. etc. put into your hands any letters which they had, and they were published with the consent of all parties. You would edit and annotate. Froude’s (in his remains) of course would come in. I think this idea would grow on you, if you read the collection of letters in my possession. As to propriety, one may consider transactions near 30 years old, historical; and it must be recollected that F. Trench, only the other day, published his letters.”
214 Liddon, Life of Pusey, Vol. IV, p. 103.
215 LD, 21:370, JHN to EBP (4 January 1865).
216 Richard Church, Occasional Papers (London, 1897), Vol. I, p. 341.
217 Ibid., Vol. 1, p. 350.
218 LD, 22:90, JHN to EBP (31 October 1865). See also Roderick Strange, “Reflections on a Controversy: Newman and Pusey’s ‘Eirenicon’,” in Pusey Rediscovered, ed. Perry Butler (London, 1982), p. 341.
219 Strange, “Reflections on a Controversy: Newman and Pusey’s ‘Eirenicon’ in Pusey Rediscovered. Ed. Perry Butler (London, 1983),” p. 346.
220 Letter to Pusey, pp. 114–15.
221 Church, Occasional Papers, Vol. 2, p. 415.
222 LD, 22:67–69, JHN to John Keble (8 October 1865).
223 LD, 22:91, John Keble to JHN (8 October 1865).
224 LD, 22:306, JHN to Henry James Coleridge (24 October 1866).
225 Ibid.
226 LD, 28:380, JHN to Anne Mozley (6 July 1878).
227 Of course, Newman had not always shown such geniality. As a Tractarian, he brought a good deal of vitriol to his controversy with R. D. Hampden over his Bampton Lectures (1836). But when he became a Catholic, Newman mellowed. Then again, the older he became, the more experience showed him the accuracy of something he had said in his Oxford Sermon, “Faith and Reason Contrasted as a Habit of Mind” (1839): “When men understand what each other means, they see for the most part that controversy is either superfluous or hopeless.” See Oxford University Sermons (1843), p. 201.
228 The Idea of a University, p. 210.
229 Letter to Pusey, p. 115. See also Ian Ker, The Achievement of John Henry Newman (Notre Dame, 1990), p. 137.
230 Letter to Pusey, p. 7.
231 Ibid., p. 79.
232 Church, Occasional Papers, Vol. 2, p. 437.
233 Letter to Pusey, pp. 80–81.
234 LD, 21:165, JHN to Ambrose St. John (25 July 1864).
235 Manning, quoted in The Life and Times of Bishop Ullathorne 1806–1890 by Dom Cuthbert Butler (London, 1926), Vol. I, pp. 358–59. Certain exceptions notwithstanding, including, in our own day, Mary Kenny and Father Dermot Fenlon, England’s Irishry have gravely disappointed Manning in this bold prediction. See also, Jerry White. London in the 19th Century (London, 2007), p. 139: “The 300,000 or so Londoners of Irish descent were more cockney than the cockneys—in speech, in locality, in the types of work they undertook, even in their abstention from religious services, as most London priests bemoaned. But their loyalty to ‘Mother Church’ continued to distinguish them from other sections of the London working class. And the Church, with its boys’ and girls’ clubs, its missions and loan societies, and above all its residual power over the imagination and susceptibilities of a community which believed its teachings to be in some magical sense ‘true,’ had a hold over the London Irish that was uniquely strong.’”
236 David Newsome, The Convert Cardinals: Newman and Manning (London, 1993), pp. 257–58.
237 LD, 22:197, Memorandum (11 May 1866).
238 LD, 21:361, JHN to EBP (28 December 1864).
239 LD, 21:401–02, JHN to EBP (3 February 1865).
240 LD, 23:294, JHN to EBP (12 August 1867).
241 LD, 25:20, JHN to Herbert Vaughan (28 January 1870).
242 See Ian Ker, John Henry Newman: A Biography (Oxford, 2009), pp. 651–93. Ker quotes Newman’s amusing letter to Vaughan above referenced.
243 LD, 20:200, JHN to Miss Holmes (25 May 1862). See also Ker, p. 652.
244 Church, Vol. 2, pp. 364–65. Apropos these comments, it should be borne in mind that when Newman was given the red hat, it was Church, together with Gladstone, who scuttled the proposed congratulatory address that many Anglicans wished to make to the new Cardinal by refusing to participate in the address, which shows that Church might have preached magnanimity but he did not practice it. See LD, 29:xvi.
245 LD, 30:126, JHN to Lady A? (15 September 1882).
246 Church, quoted in Liddon, Life of Pusey, Vol. IV, p. 389.
247 Oliver Elton, Frederick York Powell: A Life (London, 1906), Vol. I, pp. 66–67.
248 See Thomas Huxley, “Agnosticism: A Rejoinder,” in The Nineteenth Century (April 1889).
249 LD, 29:194–95, JHN to Octavius Ogle (5 November 1879).
250 LD, 29:195, Octavius Ogle to JHN (6 November 1879).
251 LD, 29:144, EBP to Father Belaney (20 May 1879).
252 LD, 29:349, JHN to Frederick George Lee (17 March 1881). See also Anglican Difficulties, Vol. I, p. 290: “Faith and love are separable.”
253 Anglican Difficulties, p. 2.
254 LD, 22:302, T. W. Allies to JHN (19 October 1866).
Chapter 4 The Certainty of Vocation: Newman and the Froudes
1 Discourses to Mixed Congregations, p. 111.
2 LD, 11:78, JHN to Mrs. William Froude (24 December 1845).
3 LD, 10:51, Mrs. William Froude to JHN (1 November 1843).
4 Thomas Huxley, “On Improving Natural Knowledge,” in Lectures and Lay Sermons (London, 1910), p. 53.
5 LD, 29:117, JHN to William Froude (29 April 1879).
6 LD, 21:245, William Froude to JHN (29 September 1864).
7 Discourses to Mixed Congregations, pp. 214–15.
8 Ian Ker, The Achievement of John Henry Newman, p. 71.
9 Sir Rowland Blennerhassett, “Some of My Recollections of Cardinal Newman,” in Cornhill Magazine, Volume XI (July–December 1901), pp. 615–31.
10 LD, 26:213, JHN to Mrs. William Froude (21 May 1873). In December 1851, Richard Stanton wrote to Dalgairns: William Froude was in Malta and “He seems to have a great affection for him [Newman] and wishes to serve him—He proposes to go and see whether he can get anything out of the people at the protestant college [about Achilli]. He is most indignant at the account he has seen of the trial …” See LD, 14:463.
11 Joyce Sugg, Ever Yours Affly: John Henry Newman and his Female Circle (London, 1996), pp. 105–06. Sugg also points out that “When all was over [with the Achilli trial] and Newman was low in health he bought port wine, order
ed by the doctor, with money sent by Catherine Froude.”
12 LD, 19:259, JHN to William Froude (24 December 1859).
13 Charles Stephen Dessain, John Henry Newman (London, 1966), p. xii.
14 LD, 29:116, JHN to William Froude (29 April 1879).
15 LD, 20:101, Mrs. William Froude to JHN (2 January 1862).
16 J. W. Burrow, A Liberal Descent: Victorians Historians and the English Past (Cambridge, 1981), p. 243.
17 Louise Imogen Guiney, Hurrell Froude: Memoranda and Comments (London, 1904), p. 216. As Newman pointed out, Hurrell came to his critical view of the Reformers only after making a careful study of them. “As to dear F., – he was a furious Church and King Man – I do believe reading mainly opened his eyes …” See LD, 3:304, JHN to Hugh James Rose (23 May 1836).
18 About Freeman, Froude complained: “He has described me as dishonest, careless of the truth, destitute of every reputable quality save facility in writing which I turn to a bad purpose.” See Froude, quoted in Julia Markus, J. Anthony Froude: The Undiscovered Great Victorian (New York, 2005), p. 180.
19 Thomas Mozley, Reminiscences of Oriel College and the Oxford Movement (London, 1882), Vol. II, pp. 14–16.
20 Samuel Smiles, “Isambard Kingdom Brunel,” in appendix of Lives of the Engineers (Folio Society, 2006), p. 360.
21 L. T. C. Rolt, Isambard Kingdom Brunel (London, 1957), p. 324.
22 Smiles, “Isambard Kingdom Brunel,” p. 360.
23 LD, 16:103, William Froude to JHN (3 April 1854).
24 LD, 10:51, Mrs. William Froude to JHN (1 November 1843).
25 LD, 10:51–52, JHN to Mrs. William Froude (9 December 1843).
26 LD, 10:53, JHN to Mrs. William Froude (9 December 1843).
27 LD, 10:52–53, JHN to Mrs. William Froude (9 December 1843).
28 Prophetical Office, p. 331.
29 Prophetical Office, p. 355.
30 See G. K. Chesterton, Tremendous Trifles (London,1909), pp. 14, 134, 238.
31 Henry Chadwick, Augustine of Hippo: A Life (Oxford, 2009), p. 29.
32 LD, 10:53, JHN to Mrs. William Froude (9 December 1843).
33 LD, 11:7, JHN to Mrs. William Froude (8 October 1845).
34 LD, 11:113, JHN to Mrs. William Froude (15 February 1846).
35 LD, 12:223–24, JHN to Mrs. William Froude (16 June 1848).
36 James Bowell, Life of Johnson, ed. George Birkbeck Hill (London, 1934), Vol. IV, p. 289.
37 LD, 12:224–25, JHN to Mrs. William Froude (16 June 1848).
38 LD, 16:335, JHN to Mrs. Froude (26 December 1854).
39 See The Collected Works of G. K. Chesterton. (San Francisco, 1986), Vol, 1, p. 70.
40 LD, 16:66, JHN to Mrs. William Froude (2 March 1854).
41 LD, 16:108–09, JHN to Mrs. William Froude (1854/1855?).
42 LD, 17:544, JHN to Mrs. William Froude (19 March 1857).
43 LD, 10:209, JHN to Mrs. William Froude (12 April 1844).
44 LD, 12:228, JHN to Mrs. William Froude (27 June 1848).
45 LD, 14:399, JHN to Mrs. William Froude (20 October 1851).
46 LD, 17:544, JHN to Mrs. William Froude (21 March 1857).
47 “Faith and Doubt,” in Discourses to Mixed Congregations (1849), pp. 214–37.
48 LD, 16:65, JHN to Mrs. William Froude (2 March 1854). Hurrell Froude died on 28 February 1836.
49 LD, 16:66, JHN to Mrs. William Froude (2 March 1854).
50 LD, 10:187, JHN to Mrs. William Froude (3 April 1844).
51 See Newman’s Preface to Robert Nelson, Life of George Bull D.D. Sometime Lord Bishop of St. David’s (London, 1840), p. iv.
52 LD, 10:192, JHN to Mrs. William Froude (4 April 1844). Barthold Georg Niebuhr (1776–1831), German historian of Rome born in Copehagen, about whom Magnus Magnusson wrote: “He possessed great intuitive sagacity in sifting true from false historic evidence; and though his scepticism as to the credibility of early history goes too far, the bulk of his contribution to history still stands substantially unshaken.” His Romanische Gesheschichte is available in English translation.
53 See “Illuminating Grace,” in Discourses to Mixed Congregations, pp. 189–90.
54 St. Augustine, Confessions, ed. Henry Chadwick (Oxford, 2008), p. 153.
55 LD, 12:382, JHN to Henry Wilberforce (9 December 1848).
56 Ian Ker, John Henry Newman, p. 342.
57 Richard Holt Hutton, Cardinal Newman (London, 1891), p. 197.
58 See “Faith and Private Judgment,” in Discourses to Mixed Congregations, pp. 195–96.
59 See “Faith and Doubt,” in Discourses to Mixed Congregations, pp. 216–17.
60 LD, 10:399, JHN to Mrs. William Froude (12 November 1844).
61 LD, 10:399–400, JHN to Mrs. William Froude (12 November 1844).
62 LD, 10:201, JHN to Mrs. William Froude (9 April 1844).
63 “Faith and Private Judgment,” in Discourses Addressed to Mixed Congregations (1849), pp. 192–213.
64 LD, 12:227, JHN to Mrs. William Froude (27 June 1848).
65 LD, 15:307, JHN to Mrs. William Froude (23 February 1853).
66 See The Tamworth Reading Room (1841) in Discussions and Arguments on Various Subjects (1872), p. 295.
67 LD, 19:259 JHN to William Froude (24 December 1859).
68 LD, 19:268–70, William Froude to JHN (29 December 1859).
69 James Anthony Froude, “The Oxford Counter-Reformation,” from Short Studies of Great Subjects (London, 1907), Vol. V, pp. 179–80.
70 Ibid., p. 180.
71 LD, 19:270, William Froude to JHN (29 December 1859).
72 LD, 19:270, William Froude to JHN (29 December 1859).
73 LD, 19:273, JHN to William Froude (2 January 1860).
74 LD, 19:284, William Froude to JHN (15 January 1860).
75 LD, 19:284–85, JHN to William Froude (18 January 1860).
76 LD, 27:230, JHN to Mrs. William Froude (22 February 1875).
77 LD, 25:34, JHN to Maria Giberne (18 February 1870).
78 LD, 24:184, JHN to James Hope-Scott (7 December 1868).
79 Grammar of Assent (New York, 1955), pp. 384–85.
80 LD, 6:198, JHN to Miss Catherine Holdsworth (6 February 1838).
81 Etienne Gilson, Introduction to Grammar of Assent, p. 16.
82 Ibid., p. 20.
83 Grammar of Assent, pp. 106–07.
84 Ibid., p. 108.
85 Ibid., p. 110
86 Sir Anthony Kenny, Philosophy in the Modern World (Oxford, 2007), p. 308.
87 Grammar of Assent, pp. 109–10.
88 Ibid., p. 396
89 See “Love the Safeguard of Faith against Superstition” (1839) in Oxford University Sermons, p. 171.
90 Grammar of Assent, pp. 397–98.
91 Ibid., p. 487
92 Ibid., p. 462: “And how is it possible to imagine with Gibbon that what he calls the ‘sober and domestic virtues’ of Christians, their ‘aversion to the luxury of the age,’ their ‘chastity, temperance, and economy,’ that these dull qualities were persuasives of a nature to win and melt the hard heathen heart, in spite too of the dreary prospect of the barathrum, the amphitheatre, and the stake? Did the Christian morality by its severe beauty make a convert of Gibbon himself? On the contrary, he bitterly says, ‘It was not in this world that the primitive Christians were desirous of making themselves either agreeable or useful.’ ‘The virtue of the primitive Christians, like that of the first Romans, was very frequently guarded by poverty and ignorance.’ ‘Their gloomy and austere aspect, their abhorrence of the common business and pleasures of life, and their frequent predictions of impending calamities, inspired the Pagans with the apprehension of some danger which would arise from the new sect.’ Here we have not only Gibbon hating the moral and social bearing, but his heathen also. How then were those heathen overcome by the amiableness of that which they viewed with such disgust? We have here plain proof that the Christian character repelled the heathen; where is the evidence that it converted th
em?” Besides being a deeply original theologian, Newman was an equally original historian, whose views of ancient, modern and contemporary history warrant closer study.
93 Ibid., p. 487
94 Ibid., p. 488
95 Ibid., pp. 487–88.
96 James Mozley, in The Quarterly Review, Vol. 129 (July and October 1879), p. 150.
97 F. D. Maurice, in the Contemporary Review (May 1870), p. 172.
98 See ODNB.
99 Grammar of Assent, pp. 256–57.
100 James Fitzjames Stephen, in Fraser’s Magazine (May 1870), pp. 572–73.
101 Gilson, Introduction, p. 18.
102 Frederick Copleston, S.J., A History of Philosophy (London, 1967), Volume 8, Part II, p. 275 Copleston quotes from Oxford University Sermons, p. 230.
103 Grammar of Assent, pp. 198–200.
104 See David K. Brown. The way of a ship in the midst of the sea: the life and work of William Froude. (Penzance, 2006), p. i.
105 LD, 20:427–28, JHN to Sister Mary Gabriel Du Boulay (7 April 1863). The eldest girl, Elizabeth, “Isy,” and the two eldest boys, Richard Hurrell and Arthur, had already become Catholics. The conversion of Robert Edmund, to which Newman refers in this letter, particularly dismayed William because he assumed that “Eddy” would become something of his protégé.
106 LD, 28:86, Mrs. William Froude to JHN (5 July 1876).
107 Report and Transactions of the Devonshire Association for the Advancement of Science, Literature and Art (July 1879), Vol. XI, p. 57.
108 LD, 21:175, Mrs. William Froude to JHN (30 July 1864).
109 LD, 29:120, JHN to William Froude (29 April 1879).
110 LD, 27:343–44, JHN to Edmond G. A. Holmes (13 August 1875).
Chapter 5 A Better Country: Newman’s Idea of Public Life
1 Christopher Hibbert, The Destruction of Lord Raglan: A Tragedy of the Crimean War (London, 1963), p. 343.
2 LD, 16:340, JHN to Lord Blachford (23 May 1885).
3 “Who’s to Blame?” (1855) in Discussions and Arguments, pp. 343–44.
4 LD, 31:35, JHN to Elizabeth Deane (27 February 1885).
5 Selected Letters of Henry James, ed. Edel (London, 1956), p. 112.
6 LD, 30:69, JHN to J. Walker of Scarborough (1 January 1855).
7 See the Rambler (September 1859), Letter to the Editor, “Napoleonism Not Impious.”