irritated with cautious officers, 145
Dorchester Heights campaign, 145–49
New York campaign, 153–54, 158–59, 163–72
seeks additional troops, 155, 161, 167, 199
assessment of, 165, 168–69, 175, 186–89, 193, 202–3, 211–12, 213, 217, 248, 260–66, 317–20
on militiamen, 168, 180, 182
courage in action, 170, 191, 211, 216
White Plains encounter, 173–74
Fort Washington debacle, 174–76
Battle of Trenton, 182–86
Battle of Princeton, 188–92
attitude toward officers, 199–200, 209, 222–23, 250–57
Battle of Brandywine Creek, 209–12
Battle of Germantown, 214–17
half-pay issue, 223, 286–87, 309–12
fears dissolution of army, 225, 235
opposes Canadian invasion, 237
Battle of Monmouth, 244–49
relations with French officers, 282–83
favors Canadian invasion, 282, 308
deals with mutinous soldiery, 287–88
confronts Newburgh Conspiracy, 309–12
retires, 321
—Commander of Virginia Regiment: appointed, 24–25
debacle at Fort Necessity, 25–29
clash with Dinwiddie, 27, 30, 47–50
conflict over command, 42–43
disciplinarian, 42, 49
criticism of leadership, 47
assessed, 58–59
—farmer: gains Mount Vernon, 31–32
remodels estate, 32, 51–52, 63–64
estate in 1759, 64
fails as tobacco planter, 64–67
raises wheat, 67
interest in scientific agriculture, 67, 75, 329–31, 473
appoints estate managers, 238, 329, 345, 421–22, 441, 487
mature GW’s view of farming, 418–20, 495
directs operations at Mount Vernon, 429, 440–41, 477–78, 504
—health: afflicted with smallpox, 15
camp diseases in French and Indian War, 36, 50–51
in 1760s, 82
in Revolutionary War, 222, 259–60
chronic dental problems, 259–60, 389
good health following war, 342–43
at Constitutional Convention, 361
during presidency, 378, 383, 389–90, 411, 421, 445–47
after retirement, 491, 504
final illness and death, 505–7
—personal:relations with mother, 6–7, 11, 32, 41, 76, 343–44
strives for self-improvement, 10–11, 13
descriptions of GW, 19, 43, 88, 257, 462, 465–66
infatuation with Sally Fairfax, 34–35, 39–40, 55–56, 482
engaged to Martha Custis, 52
marriage of, 61–62
work habits as planter, 67
lifestyle at Mount Vernon, 73–74, 337–41
temper of, 73, 170, 195, 207–8, 220, 225–30, 247–50, 265, 285
recreation of, 74, 342, 440
religious views, 75–76
relations with stepchildren, 78–81
character and personality of, 101–2, 256–58, 367–68, 375, 445, 481
need for acclaim and activity, 367–68, 418, 444, 458, 486, 501
grows to favor commercial North, 418–20, 482
relationship with Eliza Powel, 442–44, 447, 482, 485, 490, 500
beneficent side to, 444–45
prepares will, 474
seeks to emulate English tastes, 482
prepares final will, 502–3
—politician and political views; see also Presidency: first elected to House of Burgesses, 54
disinterested legislator in 1760s, 87–88, 90
committee assignments in Burgesses, 88
little role in early anti-British resistance, 90–91
joins resistance, 92–95, 97–101
member Continental Congress, 103–8
view of human nature, 223, 358, 470
views on strong national government, 279
sees threat to union, 348–53
bemoans weak central government, 349–51, 361
on Shays’ Rebellion, 352, 358–59
attends Constitutional Convention, 351, 355–62
seeks to end Revolution, 358–59
part of Federalist revolution, 386–88
attacked by Democratic-Republican Party, 465, 473, 480, 484, 495
—presidency: ambivalent toward, 367–68
elected, 368–69
First Inauguration, 369–72
residences, 374–75, 388–89, 393, 447–48
sets style of, 376–77, 389
relies on Hamilton, 379–81, 416–17, 437–38, 460, 463, 466
visits New England, 382–84
life style in presidency, 385, 389, 439–40
State of Union Addresses, 385, 395, 474
selects site and plans for national capital, 394, 422
visits South, 399–401
western Indian policies, 402–11, 420
party battles, 412–18, 434–35, 460–61, 473
as a Federalist, 416–18
considers retirement in 1792, 420–23
early view of French Revolution, 424
Second Inaugural, 429
deals with wars of French Revolution, 429–31, 435–39
suppresses Whiskey Rebellion, 447–52
secures Jay Treaty, 454–61
secures Pinckney Treaty, 462–63
partisan attacks on GW, 465, 473, 480, 484
Farewell Address, 466–70, 483
urges military academy, 473
assessment of presidency, 480–82
—slaveowner: acquires slaves, 31–32, 51, 67–68, 476
attitude toward blacks, 68, 123, 476–77
housing and clothing for chattel, 68–69, 478–79
number owned by GW, 239, 476
wishes to cut ties to slavery, 240, 475
and anti-slavery movement, 330–31, 474–75
brings slaves to capital, 389–90
management of laborers, 440, 477–78
moral and economic views on slavery, 475–80
treatment of slaves, 476–78
emancipation of slaves, 479–80, 503, 510
Washington, George Augustine (nephew of GW), 328, 345, 411, 421, 423, 425, 440
Washington, Harriet (niece of GW), 344, 394
Washington, Jane (first wife of GW’s father), 2
Washington, John (great-grandfather of GW), 1
Washington, John Augustine (Austin) (brother of GW), 5, 47, 60, 343–44, 503
Washington, Lawrence (half-brother of GW), 35, 59, 60, 88, 114, 333, 343, 421
birth, 2, influence on GW, 6–7
inherits Mount Vernon, 8
encourages GW to enter British navy, 11
seeks cure for tuberculosis, 14, 15
death of, 16
will of, 16
Washington, Lund (cousin of GW), 69, 107, 110, 180, 238–40, 295, 323–24, 328–29, 331, 343, 345, 473
Washington, Martha Custis (Mrs. George Washington), 75, 96, 99, 103, 110, 117, 128, 151, 239, 241, 306, 315–16, 321, 355, 442, 446, 476, 485–86, 493–94, 501
GW calls on, 51–52
wealth of, 52
description of, 52
children, 52
GW’s feelings for, 60, 78, 522
marriage to GW, 61–62
death of Patsy, 81, 85
lives with GW at army camps, 138, 158, 194, 221–22, 315–16
paintings of, 158
as First Lady, 377, 384–85, 389–90, 393
health of, 492, 503–4
in GW’s will, 502–3
GW’s death, 505–6
final illness and death, 509–10
Washington, Mary Ball (mother of GW), 3, 11, 12–13, 32, 41, 58, 76, 85, 343–44, 369, 381
Washington, Samuel (brother of GW), 4, 5, 217, 343
&nbs
p; Washington, Sarah (niece of GW), 14, 30
Washington and Lee College (Liberty Hall Academy), 474
Watertown, Mass., 384
Wayne, Anthony, 202, 213, 216, 235–36, 245, 247, 253, 254, 264, 288, 400
at Stoney Point encounter, 273–74, 304
commands western army, 408, 448–52
Webster, Noah, 339
West Point, N.Y., 273, 279, 283–88, 292, 316–17, 320, 403
Westmoreland County, Va., 93
Wethersfield, Conn., 294
Whiskey Rebellion, 447–52, 458
Whiskey Tax, 395
White, Alexander, 397
White House, The (The Custis Plantation), 51, 62, 63
White House, The (Presidential Mansion), 422
White Marsh, 219–20, 360, 368
White Plains, Battle of, 173–74, 252
Whiting, Anthony, 421–23, 429, 440–41
Wilkes, John, 94
William and Mary College, 72, 80, 493
Williamsburg, Va., 13–15, 18, 34, 42–43, 45, 50–52, 57, 62, 87, 90–91, 93, 96, 98, 296, 298–99
Williamsport, Md., 394, 490
Willing, Thomas, 355, 442
Wills, Garry, 84, 346, 375
Wills Creek, 20, 33, 35, 41
Wilmington, Dela., 209, 212, 242, 355, 369, 374
Wilmington, N.C., 293, 304, 399
Wilson, James, 381
Winchester, Va., 25, 47–49, 54
Wolcott, Oliver, 454, 458, 460
Wooster, David, 117, 123, 149, 201, 250
Wright, Joseph, 340
Yale College, 123
Yazoo Strip, 408–9
Yellow Fever Epidemic of 1793, 446–47
Youghiogheny River, 20, 36, 55, 72, 95
Young, Arthur, 329
York County, Va., 94
York, Pa., 402
Yorktown, Va., 16, 306
Battle of, 296–304, 374
The First of Men: A Life of George Washington was designed by Dariel Mayer, composed by Tseng Information Systems, Inc., printed and bound by Arcata Graphics/Kingsport. The book is set in Times Roman with Galliard display and printed on 50-lb. Glatfelter B–16 machine finish.
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