Galileo's Middle Finger
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Price, Michael, 150, 181
progestin, 101
prostitution, 57, 58, 69, 82, 102
pseudohermaphroditsm, 25, 26, 33
Psychological Bulletin, 110, 112
psychology, 11, 38, 39, 56, 61, 69
evolutionary, 108
Ptolemy, 12
puberty, 20, 24, 38, 102, 283
“publish or perish” admonition, 258
racism, 4–5, 180, 231, 233
rape, 112
blaming victims of, 119, 126
criminal prosecution of, 116, 119, 136–37
entrenched cultural assumptions about, 119–20, 121–22
as expression of power and anger, 116, 119, 120, 122, 125
physical and emotional harm of, 119
prevention of, 116, 136–37
sexual component of, 116, 119, 120, 121–26
survivors of, 124–25
violent, 121–22, 154
Rappley, Marsha, 205–6
Raymond, Janice, 64
Reimer, David, 37, 40
Reiner, Bill, 38–39, 286
Rind, Bruce, 110–12, 119
Rind paper, 110–15
Rink, Richard, 47
Rittenhouse, David, 261
RNL Bio, 272
Roche, Marcel, 148, 158
Roman Catholic Church, 137–39
conservatism in, 1
dogma vs. truth in, 256
Inquisition of, 15, 16
missionaries of, 144, 159, 163–67, 174
Roselli, Chuck (Charles), 182–83, 269
Roughgarden, Joan, 85, 105, 115–16
Russett, Cynthia Eagle, 4
Ryan, Joelle Ruby, 127–28, 130
Saffirio, Giovanni, 165–67
Salesian missionaries, 163–64
Samoa, 60–61
fa’afafine of, 52–53, 60
Margaret Mead’s studies of, 151, 152–56
Sandberg, David, 199–202, 226, 252
San Francisco, Calif., 46–49, 143, 145
Human Rights Commission of, 48–50
Santayana, George, 276
Sarafoglou, Kyriakie, 201–2, 239–43, 246, 273, 316, 318
Savage, Dan, 222, 226
Schiebinger, Londa, 4
Schlessinger, Laura, 111–14, 119
Schober, Tina (Justine), 46–47
science, 22, 54, 114, 129, 133, 151, 211
history and philosophy of, 4–5, 29
junk, 111
modern, 12–14
process of, 5, 23, 135
pursuit of evidence in, 11, 12–16, 23, 27, 44, 45, 136–37, 140
questioning and criticism of, 4–5, 8–10, 12–14
social, 121
social justice and, 11
truth vs. advocacy in, 136–39, 141, 153, 183
Science, 185
Sciences, 118, 126
Scientific American, 219
Scientific Revolution, 15–16
Senate, U.S., 112, 272
sex:
casual, 58
consensual, nonexploitive, 63, 97, 110, 122
development, 191–93
fantasies of, 58–59, 66, 76
heterosexual, 26, 53–54, 58, 62–64, 266
human types and varieties of, 21, 24–25, 191–93
(allegedly) perverted, 64, 66, 89
phobias about, 41
see also intercourse
sex-change interventions
benefits for transgender people of, 57, 59, 61, 62, 64, 101, 268
on intersex people, 7, 9, 19–20, 26, 28, 30, 31–32, 33–34, 36–39, 44–45, 47, 49, 102, 195–96, 200, 221–22, 264–66
on transgender people, 54, 57, 59, 62, 76, 77, 102, 266
transgender people denied or given limited access to, 53, 63–64, 81, 96, 101, 266
sex reassignment surgery, see sex-change intervention
sexism, 4–6, 127
sexologists, 63, 68, 103, 106
sexual abuse, see childhood sexual abuse; rape
sexual arousal, see sexuality, arousal of
sexual coercion, 107–20
biological bases of, 116, 117
evolution and, 123
male reproductive success and, 116
see also childhood sexual abuse; rape
sexual identity, 64–65, 66–67
brain and, 54, 55, 225, 266, 268
importance of culture to, 59–60
orientation of, 5–11, 56, 59, 60, 62–65, 69, 71–72, 80, 101–2, 193
see also gender
sexuality
anthropological accounts of, 60–61, 151–52, 152–55
arousal patterns as indicators of, 96, 120, 225, 269–70
eroticism and, 9, 24, 56, 58–59, 59–60, 61, 66, 74, 76, 79, 224–26, 268
medical interventions motivated by understandings of, 32, 41, 224–26, 239
paraphilic, 63
surgery causing damaged sensations of, 19, 26, 28, 30, 47, 221
see also childhood sexual abuse; intersex; rape; sex; sexual coercion; sexual identity; transgender
sex work, see prostitution
Shankman, Paul, 154–56
Sher, Ken, 108, 109–10, 112–15
Silverstein, Jeffrey, 206–7
social change, 20–21, 267
see also transgender, social acceptance of people who are
socialism, 254
social justice, 11, 43, 53, 136–37, 188, 221
social networks, 269
social order, 24, 25
Society for Visual Anthropology, 143
sociobiology, 108, 140, 150, 151, 153, 179, 230–31
Socrates, 256
Solidarity movement, 254
Sousa, Aron (author’s husband), 29–31, 33, 34, 36, 48, 52, 161–62, 205, 215, 229–30, 235
Soviet Union, 3, 155, 254
Sponsel, Leslie, 142–45, 149, 163
Starry Messenger, The (Galileo), 14
stem-cell therapy, 272
steroids, 187–88, 190, 196, 204
Stone, Penny, 198, 200–201
Stone, Sheila, 198
Strachan, David Cameron, 31, 48
suicide, 20
teenage, 38–39
Sullivan, Bonnie (Brian), see Laurent, Bo
Summers, Larry, 108
support groups, 187, 203
intersex, 22, 33, 50, 263
Supreme Court, California, 234
Supreme Court, U.S., 133–34
surgery, 24, 81
“addiction” to, 77
avoidance of, 50, 51
clitoral, 7, 30, 31, 33, 34, 38, 40, 43–45, 47, 192, 285
deaths from, 42
penile, 7, 25, 34, 36–37
tragic accidents in, 34
see also sex-change interventions
Sweden, 200, 203, 205, 224, 250–52
Swiss National Advisory Commission on Biomedical Ethics, 264
Tamar-Mattis, Anne, 221–22, 224, 226, 229–30, 252
Taus, Nicole (Jane Doe), 233–34
telescopes, 12, 14–15, 16, 138
testicles, 191
herniated, 24
undescended, 33, 40, 283
in women, 25, 26, 31–32, 33, 40, 263, 283
testosterone, 31, 191
thalidomide, 198–99, 204, 227
Thornhill, Randy, 115–20, 122–26, 180, 183
see also Natural History of Rape, A
Tierney, Patrick, 141–45, 148,149, 157–68, 171–72, 174–77, 184, 214, 230, 271
arrest of, 165
fake identity of, 165, 166
publications of, 141–43, 145, 147, 148, 150, 157–67, 175–76, 181, 295
Time, 119, 223, 224, 226, 250, 252
tomboys, 226, 313
Tooby, John, 150, 181
Toronto Globe and Mail, 119
transgender, 8–9, 25, 42, 53–68, 195, 266–69
“born in the wrong body” narrative of, 54, 55, 56, 66, 266
cultural aspects of, 59, 61, 266–67
de-emphasis of eroticism in discussions of, 63–4, 65
definition of, 8–9, 53
hostility toward and abuse of people who are, 55, 61, 63, 64–65, 87, 88, 127, 267
intersex vs., 53–54
murder and bashing of people who are, 65; see also transgender, hostility and abuse of people who are
political and human rights of, 54, 55, 60–61, 62, 63, 65, 69, 70, 73, 86, 136, 265, 266–67, 269
popular understanding of, 60
social acceptance of people who are, 54, 60–61, 62, 63, 65, 83, 266, 267, 268–69
two-type theory of male-to-female, 55–63, 65–66, 67, 94, 96, 101, 267–68
see also sex-change interventions
transgender activism, see activism, transgender
transition of gender/sex, see sex-change interventions; transgender
transkids, 57–59, 61–63, 69–70, 102, 266–67
transphobia, 70, 98, 127
see also transgender, hostility toward and abuse of people who are
Transsexual Empire, The (Raymond), 64
transsexualism, see sex-change interventions; transgender
Trashing of Margaret Mead, The: Anatomy of an Anthropological Controversy (Shankman), 154–55
Traverse City, Mich., 139, 184
Triea, Kiira, 34, 101–3
Tromovitch, Philip, 110–11
truth, 259
advocacy vs., 136–39, 141, 153, 183, 262
concealment of, 22, 26, 28, 30–32, 263–64
justice and, 261–62
quest for, 256, 261–62
Turner, Terence, 142–45, 147–49, 162–63, 168, 176, 178–79, 184–85
Turner, Trudy, 176, 183
21–Hydroxylase Deficiency, 206–7
twins, 37, 71–72
conjoined and separated, 41–42, 43, 46, 287
identical, 71
Uffizi art galleries, 12, 17–18
bombing of, 16
“Unethical Ethicist, An” (Borrell), 219–20
United Nations (UN), 265
United States, 22, 265–66
Founding Fathers of, 16, 133, 260–61
freedoms in, 2, 16, 130, 133
universe, 15, 229, 236, 261
geocentric view of, 138
heliocentric view of, 12, 14
Urban VIII, Pope, 137–39
urogenital mobilization, 47
urogenital sinus, 213, 215
urology, 30, 38–39
pediatric, 32
uterus, 24, 28, 101, 198, 201, 202, 263
in men, 33
vagina, 6, 213, 221
cancer of, 198, 308
malformed, 28
penetration of, 33, 43, 80
small, 24
Vasey, Paul, 52–53, 60, 68–71, 74, 101
Vatican, 3, 16
Veronica (case history), 84
Vesalius, Andreas, 12, 15
vibrators, 221–22, 223
Victorian Studies, 6
Viking Press, 164
Vilain, Eric, 205
Viloria, Hida, 34
Wakefield, Andrew, 171
Wall Street Journal, 201
Washington, George, 16
Washington Post, 199, 271–72
Weekly World News, 53
Weill Cornell Medical College; see Cornell University, Medical School of
Westphal, Jenny, 223–24
“Why Men Rape” (Palmer and Thornhill), 118
Wilkins, Lawson, 26, 39
Wilson, Bruce, 34
Wilson, E. O. “Ed,” 150, 151
Dreger interview with, 230–33
sociobiology defense of, 230–31, 269
Wilson, Robin, 83–85, 89–91
Winfrey, Oprah, 46
womb turd, 74
women, 23
brains of, 54, 55
CAH-affected, 192–97, 236, 239, 245
male competition for, 140, 144, 147, 162
maternalism in, 225
oppression of, 119
physiology of, 60
pregnant, 187–91, 197–207, 210–12, 218, 226–27, 237–39, 242–43, 248, 252–53, 273–74
straight, 60, 63, 81
transgender, 10, 25, 54–78, 115, 128–32
see also misogyny
women’s rights movement, 264
Woodlawn, Holly, 75
Wootton, David, 15
World Medical Association, 208
World War II, 2–3, 169, 256
W.W. Norton & Co., 148
Yanomami Warfare (Ferguson), 158–59
Yanomamö:
Chagnon’s study of, 140–50, 158–67, 172–73, 271
culture of, 140, 144, 147, 149, 162, 271–72
measles epidemic among, 142–45, 157–58, 167–68, 173–74
Yanomamö: The Fierce People (Chagnon), 147, 299
Zucker, Ken, 103–4
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