De La Rue 78
Delamere family 8, 105
Democratic Party 69, 118, 135, 175–6, 242
Democratic Republic of Congo 15, 83, 115, 124, 196, 325
Department for International
Development, UK (DfID) 194, 204, 205–12, 225, 261–2, 267, 275, 276, 337
Diop, Makhtar 190–2, 199, 223–4, 260
Dorobo tribe 103, 105
EastAfrican 12, 141
East African Community 140, 307
East African Standard 41, 56–60, 248, 255–7, 259
Easterly, William 207
Eigen, Peter 141, 142
Eldoret 112, 114, 290, 307
Electoral Commission of Kenya (ECK) 298, 301, 306, 307, 315n
Eliot, Sir Charles 46
Embu 43, 72, 108, 216, 291, 307, 313
End of Poverty, The (Sachs) 192
Escrivá, Josemaría 33, 134
Ethiopia 9, 50, 115, 192, 277
European Union: Common Agricultural Policy 207; elections 2007, observers in Kenya for 298, 307; gives greater say to Kenyan Treasury on how aid is spent 286; JG’s resignation, reaction to 223
Executive magazine 65, 138, 139, 141
Face Technologies 78
Facing Mount Kenya (Kenyatta) 103–4, 107
FBI 228, 326
Financial Times 11, 12, 23, 187, 189–90, 333
Fish, Dave 267
Ford Foundation 264
Foreign and Commonwealth Office, UK (FCO) 194, 196, 201, 203, 206, 225, 259, 334
G8 meeting, Gleneagles (2005) 206, 212, 262
Gado 63, 202
Geldof, Bob 205, 266
Gellhorn, Martha 8
General Service Unit (GSU) 3, 13, 34, 79, 187, 311, 337
Gethi, John 129
Getonga, Alfred 72, 85, 87, 91, 129, 177, 179, 215, 251
Gikonyo, Dr Dan 70–1, 175, 242
Gikuyu language 26, 74, 136, 222
Gikuyu, Embu, Meru Association (GEMA) 113, 126, 144, 176, 243, 337
Githongo, Ciru (JG’s sister) 39, 125, 133
Githongo, Gitau (JG’s brother) 125, 131, 132, 138, 239–40
Githongo, Joe (JG’s father): accountant 126–7; attempts to influence JG through 94–5, 118–19; Catholic faith 123, 142, 143; home 123; JG and 15–16, 94–5, 119, 130–1, 133, 137, 175, 238–9, 250, 265; Kenyatta regime, role in 118, 160; London, life in 125; loner 135–6; marriage 123; Mau Mau and 123–4, 125; Moi regime and 118, 160; railways, work on 126; social standing 135–6; Transparency International, role in birth of 14, 141; tribalism, loathing of 126–7, 142–3; UN, work for 124–5
Githongo, John (JG): African roots, disconnection from 143–4, 145, 229, 266–7, 286–7; Anglo Leasing, compiles dossier on 233–5, 240–1, 242, 243, 244–5, 248–54; Anglo Leasing, investigation into government contracts with 78–9, 80–97, 163–6, 233–5, 240–1, 242, 243, 244–5, 248–54; Anglo Leasing, releases details of investigation to media 248–54; author, relationship with 12–13, 14, 19, 20, 23–31, 74; author, stays with 19, 20, 23–31; birth 125, 160, 229; Britain, connection with 125, 160, 229, 266–7, 286–7; Catholic faith 27–8, 133–5, 142, 143, 159, 174, 175, 176, 237, 248; character 12, 13, 19, 27, 35–6, 37–40, 81, 132–3, 135, 161, 175–7, 216–17, 233, 235, 236, 264–5, 318, 323, 329–31; Chief of the Burning Spear 31–2, 218; childhood 127, 130–1; diaries 32, 135, 216, 234; elections 2002, role in 14; exile 227–60, 263–7, 271–8, 329; family home 121–3; family, effect of actions upon 175–6, 216, 238–40, 250, 265; father, relationship with 15–16, 17, 118–19, 130–1, 137, 145, 175, 238–9; foreign donors and 15, 38–9, 194, 222–3, 235, 236, 261–2, 263–4, 266, 267; girlfriend 28, 91, 216–17, 221, 250, 264–5, 335; high treason charge, possibility of 237, 251; informers 81–4, 86, 172, 180, 232, 244–5; journalist 12, 14, 138–41, 143; KACC, testifies before 254, 256, 268, 271, 272; Kibaki, relationship with 14, 15, 17–18, 34–5, 37, 66–8, 71, 86, 87, 90–1, 172–5, 179–82, 217, 219, 220, 222, 235–6, 238, 244–5, 265–6, 311–12; Kikuyu ethnicity 13, 97, 115, 117–19, 130, 142–4, 145, 159–62, 163–4, 243, 253, 287–8, 289; legacy of revelations 322–4, 327, 328; media, relationship with 14, 22, 92, 240, 245, 248–50, 251, 252, 253–4; Michael Holman, stays with 39, 31; Ministry of Justice, role in setting up of 66; Moi, investigates corruption under 14, 86; mother, relationship with 133–4, 175, 238–9; NARC and 14, 66–8, 79–87, 164–6, 171–82, 215–25, 229, 233–6, 241, 242–3, 244–5, 250–4, 268–74; Oxford University, stays at 31, 32, 228–33, 235, 242, 243, 264, 285, 290, 322, 329; PAC, testifies before 95, 237–8, 254, 257, 268; Permanent Secretary in Charge of Governance and Ethics, appointment as 12, 15–18, 17, 36–7, 118–19, 145; Permanent Secretary in Charge of Governance and Ethics, abortive attempt to demote from post as 18, 177–82, 215; Permanent Secretary in Charge of Governance and Ethics, office 34–6; Permanent Secretary in Charge of Governance and Ethics, resigns as 20, 21–3, 220–5; physique 12–13, 132; police, joins 137–8; public view of 165–6, 252–4, 286–90, 322; return to Kenya 329–30; revolt, reasons for ability to 158–62, 175–6; school 127–9, 133, 135, 136, 175; smear campaign against 91–2, 231, 254, 264; State House office 34–5, 164; studies in England 12; taping of ministers’ conversations 21, 32, 88–90, 233–5, 251, 252, 253–4, 273–4, 289, 321–2; threats to 18, 26, 37, 87–8, 90–7, 176, 218–19, 222, 227–8, 229, 230–2, 250, 257–8, 274, 329–30; Transparency International and 14, 15, 141–2; travel within Africa 12; university in Wales 136, 143; World Bank Volcker panel, recruited by 263, 278
Githongo, Mary (JG’s mother) 123–4, 125, 133–4, 238–9
Githongo, Mugo (JG’s brother) 39, 126, 136, 138, 158, 178, 221, 239, 240, 274–5
Githongo & Company 126–7
Goldenberg scandal 62–3, 65, 86, 89, 139, 165–6, 168, 211, 216, 221, 228, 251, 268, 269, 284, 311, 319, 320, 321, 322, 324
Goldsmith, Lord 276
Grand Regency hotel 63, 322
Hall, Francis 104
Hannan, Lucy 312
Hemingway, Ernest 8
Hileman, Milena 162
HIV/AIDS 166, 171, 208, 302, 325
Holman, Michael 30, 31
Home Guard 108, 110, 123, 142, 288
Howells, Kim 259
Human Rights Watch 35
Infotalent Ltd 173
International Monetary Fund (IMF) 60–1, 170, 184, 186, 261
Iraq 262, 275
Islamic extremism 78, 188
Kaggia, Bildad 50
Kaiser, Father 26
Kamani, Deepak 84, 173, 327, 329
Kamani, Rashmi 327
Kamba people 43, 48, 58–9, 102, 116, 129, 157, 163, 313
Kantai, Parselelo 324
KANU party 77, 86, 262, 337; Anglo Leasing and 78, 171–2; elections 1997 188; elections 2002 2; elections 2007 215; independence and 109; Kikuyu and 113, 114; long grip on power 2 see also Moi, Daniel arap
Karanja, Lisa 35–6, 38, 92, 95–6, 178, 217, 289, 324
Karen, Nairobi 121–2, 134, 135, 175, 242, 330
Kariuki, J.M. 26, 279
Karua, Martha 271, 311, 334
Karume, Njenga 175
Kaufmann, Daniel 207–8, 263, 327
Keane, Fergal 251
Kalenjin people 42; Asian Kenyans, relationship with 172; character of 43, 44; elections 2007 and 290, 297, 308, 312, 316; ethnic violence in the early 1990s, role in 114, 140, 141; history of 49, 112, 113, 114, 140, 141; invention of 49; Kenyatta and 112, 113; Moi and 51, 52, 56, 57, 142, 284, 300
KENYA
AID AND DONORS, FOREIGN: Anglo Leasing, reaction to scandal of 192, 260–4, 266, 267; anti-corruption drive 262–4, 266–7, 275–8; Cold War 183, 185; Consultative Group meeting (April 2005) 223; corruption, general approach to 8, 9–10, 14, 38–9, 51, 53–5, 60–4, 184–225, 260–4, 266–7, 275–8, 324–5, 327–8; DfID see Department for International Development, UK; Gleneagles (2008) 206, 212, 262; High Commissioner Clay raises corruption as an issue 193–204; history of aid to Kenya 183–204, 205
–22; intimacy of relationship between donors and government ministers 190–3, 224; IMF see IMF; JG, relationship with 15, 38–9, 194, 197, 198, 222–3, 235, 236, 261–2, 263–4, 266, 267; JG, reaction to resignation of 220–5; KACA and 186; under Kenyatta 184; under Kibaki 11, 38–9, 197–204; legislation passed to appease 185–6; under Moi 8, 9–10, 14, 170, 184, 185–7; multi-party politics, enforces 51, 62; NARC regime and 170, 183, 210–11; as percentage of government spending 184; structural adjustment funding 160, 184; UK aid 187, 193–204, 205–12, 225, 261–2, 267, 275, 276–7, 337; vastly boosted aid, recent culture of 205–13, 262; War on Terror and 275–6, 277; World Bank see World Bank
COLONIAL RULE: Asian Kenyans under 172; clichés of 8–9; corruption under 60; economy under 11; education under 134; ethnic self-awareness, role in 45–50, 52; foreign aid and history of 184, 194, 202, 203; Karen under 122; Kikuyu under 104–10, 115; living standards under 11; modern Kenyan attitudes towards 286–8; pre-eminent role of Kenya in Africa as a result of 8–9
CORRUPTION: Anglo Leasing and see Anglo Leasing and Finance Company Ltd; anti-corruption legislation 65–6, 283–4, 285–6, 327; banks and 61, 259–60, 270; bribes 11, 55, 337; challenges to pan-African 326–7; donor communities’ approach towards 8, 9–10, 14, 38–9, 51, 53–5, 60–4, 184–225, 260–4, 266–7, 275–8, 324–5, 327–8; economy and 11, 60–1, 160–1; effect upon stability of country 258–9; elections 2002, NARC campaign on 2; history of 41–2, 50–3, 56–9, 60–3; Islamic terrorism and 258–9; JG fights see Githongo, John; judiciary 65, 268–9; Kenyan ambivalence towards 55–6, 166–8, 169, 287–8; Kibaki and see Kibaki, Mwai; kitu kidogo (‘petty’ corruption) 55, 337; land grabbing 61–2, 65; layers of Kenyan 41–2; legal system used to fight action against 268–9; Moi and see Moi, Daniel arap; NARC and see National Rainbow Coalition; NSIS investigations into 80–1; ‘Our Turn to Eat’ culture (patronage) and 8, 11, 35, 42, 44, 5–3, 56–60, 72–4, 112–14, 116–19, 143, 144, 145, 157–62, 272, 282, 290–2, 297–300, 325–6; ‘pending bills’ 61, 65; Permanent Secretary in Charge of Governance and Ethics, post created 11–12; public procurement and 65, 77, 78–97, 168–72, 200 see also Anglo Leasing and Finance Company Ltd; state loans and 61; ‘straddling’ 60; UN Convention Against Corruption, ratifies 65; Transparency International see Transparency International
CULTURE: character of Kenyan people 7, 67–8, 157; demography 150; education system 51, 127–9, 133, 135, 136, 175; history of 45–53; population, rise in 103, 147–8, 149, 195; recent shifts in 145–62; slums 2, 10, 11, 41–2, 149, 151, 157, 191, 203, 290, 303, 312, 330; tourism 9, 311, 317; urbanisation 148–9; youth 150–5
ECONOMY: 160–1; Cold War 9–10; colonial, effect of 9, 10–11; corruption, patronage (‘Our Turn to Eat’ culture) and 11, 60–1, 114, 160, 184–5; ethnicity, role in 282, 290, 299–300; under Kenyatta 184; under Kibaki 184, 220, 261, 279–82, 290, 292–3, 299–300; under Moi 2, 8, 9–10, 159, 171, 184, 261, 280, 290; most advanced in region 9; NARC and 184, 220, 261, 279–82, 290, 292–3, 299–300; post-election violence 2007, effect upon 311; rich and poor, wealth gap between 11, 279–80, 282, 290, 299–300; state sector shrivels 1980s 160
ELECTIONS: 1992 general election 140; 1997 general election 188; 2002 general election 1–2, 14–15, 73, 135, 154–5, 193, 215, 237, 241, 320; 2004 general election 214; 2005, referendum on new constitution 241–4; 2007 general election 290, 295–316; post-election settlement 2007 314–16
ETHNIC GROUPS: 11, 60–1; colonial rule, effect upon 44–50, 60, 104–10, 115; economy and 60–3, 282; elections 2007 and 290, 291–2, 295–316; ethno-favouritism/elitism 8, 11, 44, 50–3, 56–9, 72–4, 86, 112–14, 116–19, 143, 144, 145, 157–62, 272, 282, 290–2, 297–300, 325; ethno-nationalism as Africa’s most toxic problem 325; history of 45, 46–7, 48, 49–53, 60–3, 104–14; JG and family break mould of 97, 118–19, 121–44, 158–62, 163–4; JG, Mount Kenya Mafia appeal to ethnicity of 97, 118–19; Rwanda, effect upon
Kenyan awareness of 140–1; stereotypes 42–4, 49–50; under Kenyatta 50–1, 52, 110–13; under Kibaki 51–3, 56–60, 97, 118–19, 290, 291–2, 295–316; under Moi 51, 52, 113–14; violence between ethnic groups, early 1990s 114, 140, 141; youth outlook on 150–8 see also under individual ethnic group name
MEDIA: 7, 12, 131–2; Anglo Leasing deals, coverage of 245, 248–54, 255–6, 269–70; cartoonists 7, 10, 34, 63; corruption, coverage of 198, 240, 245, 247–54, 255–7, 269–70; JG and 12, 14, 22, 92–3, 245, 248–54, 269–70; KTN, commandos storm 255–6; Moi and 131–2; newspapers, independence of 131–2, 247–8; newspapers, quality of 12; radio 155–8, 334; television 132, 251, 255–6 see also under individual newspaper title and radio and television station name
POLICE: 3; Anglo Leasing supply jeeps for 78, 84; corruption within 6, 11, 77, 78, 84, 173; elections 2007, actions during 305, 312; digital communications contract 328; Infotalent Ltd security contract 173; shootings 192 see also General Service Unit (GSU)
POLITICS: constitution 8, 13, 73, 86, 113, 185, 241–4, 283; State House 12, 21, 22, 27, 32, 33, 34, 35–6, 38, 39, 65–6, 69, 70, 71, 74, 80, 81, 84, 89, 92, 93, 129, 160, 164, 172, 173, 174, 177, 179, 181, 183, 184, 202, 218, 219, 220, 222, 224, 232, 235, 238, 244, 249, 260, 270, 271, 283, 300, 304, 306, 325; multi-party regime, advent of 7, 51, 62, 79, 88, 113–14, 139, 140, 158, 193; NARC see National Rainbow Coalition; parliament 153; prime minister, NARC expected to install 8, 283
Kenya Anti-Corruption Authority (KACA) 186, 337
Kenya Anti-Corruption Commission (KACC) 20, 66, 84, 86, 87, 92–3, 173, 217–18, 222, 245, 250, 254, 256, 261, 269, 270, 271, 272, 273n, 274, 327
Kenya Broadcasting Corporation 132, 251
Kenya National Commission on Human Rights (KNCHR) 36, 80, 220, 291, 297, 324, 337
Kenya Revenue Authority 280
Kenyan High Commission, London 23, 30, 238, 254, 257, 271
Kenyan Television Network (KTN) 255–6
Kenyatta, Jomo 34, 36, 50–1, 73, 87, 103–4, 106, 107, 109, 110, 112, 113, 117, 118, 122, 125, 126, 159, 160, 184, 279, 286, 296, 297, 300, 332
Kenyatta, Uhuru 2, 10, 129, 175, 237
Keriri, Matere 72, 175
Kettering, Merlyn 173
Khamala, Martin 138
Kiai, Maina 36, 291
Kiambu people 103, 105, 108, 116, 123, 136
Kibaki, David 129, 175
Kibaki, Lucy 190–1, 224
Kibaki, Mwai: Anglo Leasing dossier, reaction to release of 251, 268, 273; anti-corruption legislation 65–6, 283–4, 285; cabinet 7–8, 72–4, 80, 84–5, 241, 244, 245, 268, 273; car crash 2002 4, 34, 94, 181–2, 242; character 4–5, 8, 68–70, 71–3, 219; constitution and 8, 73, 86, 241–4, 283; corruption, attitudes towards 2, 5, 7, 12, 20, 65–6, 74–5, 77–8, 79–80, 81–97, 215, 219, 220, 222, 234, 235–6, 238, 244–5, 265–6, 282–4, 285; economy under 184, 220, 261, 279–82, 290, 292–3, 299–300; elections 2002 4, 73; elections 2007 284–5, 311–12, 314; ethnic favouritism under 7–8, 72–4, 85, 86; features of former era re-emerge under 282–4; foreign donors and 11, 38–9, 197–204; health 4, 34, 70–3, 80, 94, 181–2, 242; inauguration 2002 1–6, 8, 14, 65–6, 164, 283; inauguration 2007 306; JG, relationship with 14, 17–18, 22, 23, 34–5, 37, 67–8, 71, 86, 87, 90–1, 179–82, 219, 222, 234, 235–6, 238, 244–5, 265–6, 311–12; Moi and 5, 7, 68, 284–5; Mount Kenya Mafia and 72–4, 85, 172–3, 245; speeches 5, 72
Kibera slum, Nairobi 1, 149, 190
Kikuyu people: birth of tribe 101–3; burial of 147–8; Central Association 106; character of 43, 103–14, 115–19; colonial rule, under 105–10; country 98–103; culture 103–14; entitlement, sense of 117; foreign influences upon 131; history of 46, 47, 48, 101–14; JG and 13, 97, 115, 117–19, 130, 142–4, 145, 159–62, 172–5, 287–8, 289; jokes, enjoyment of 115–16; Kenyatta regime, benefit from 50–1, 52, 109–10, 111–13, 115, 159; Kibaki and 8, 7–8, 72–4, 85, 86; land ownership, importance of 104, 105, 112; Mau Mau and 107–12; under Moi 113–14, 159; multi-party politics, role in advent of 113–14; popu
lation 103; Reserve 106, 111; respect for elders 117–18; son and mother bond 159
Kikwete, Jakaya 314
Kimani, Martin 128, 159, 324
Kimathi, Dedan 111
Kimunya, Amos 242, 243, 250–1, 259, 285–6, 311
Kinyua, Joseph 219
Kiriamiti, John 316
Kisii tribe 307, 313
Kiss FM 155, 156, 334
Kisumu, Nyanza Province 282, 290, 298, 299, 300, 302–3, 306, 307, 325
Kiswahili language 26, 74, 79, 90, 150, 151, 203, 222, 332
Kivuitu, Samuel 298, 304, 307
Koinange, Jeff 129
Kotut, Eric 322
Kroll 12, 86, 221, 284
Land and Freedom Armies 107 see also Mau Mau
land grabbing 61–2, 65
Langata Cemetery 145–8
Leakey, Philip 186
Leakey, Richard 18, 164, 186
Lone, Salim 284
Lonsdale, John 49, 111
Luhya people 43, 58–9, 116, 163, 307, 313
Luo people 43, 44, 49–50, 73, 116, 127, 129, 149, 216, 241, 289, 290, 291, 299, 302, 303, 304, 307, 308, 309, 310, 312, 313, 316
McCarthy, Leonard 326
MacKinnon, William 45, 46
Maasai 42, 43, 44, 46, 47, 48, 49, 103, 104, 105, 106, 112, 114, 124, 281, 320
Maasai Mara 53, 317
Maathai, Wangari 49–50, 175
Macharia, Edith 253
Magari, Joseph 84–5, 87. 93, 165
Maina, Wachira 42, 324
majimboism 296
Make Poverty History 205, 206, 266
Makokha, Kwamchetsi 131–2, 284, 297–8, 326
Makotsi, Pamela 256
Malik, A.H. 94
Mangu, Central Province 125, 131
Maore, Maoka 77, 78–9, 85, 86, 328
Margaryan, Artur 256–60
Mars Group Kenya 166, 324, 328
Mathare slum 290, 308, 309, 310, 330
Mati, Mwalimu 36, 67, 69, 79, 175, 217, 315, 324
Matiba, Raymond 129
Mau Mau 50–1, 107–12, 123, 124, 125, 130, 140, 142, 159, 232, 287, 288
Mbeki, Moeletsi 325
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