by Mark Zuehlke
Perth Regiment of Canada War Diary, May 1944. RG24, Vol. 15136. National Archives of Canada.
Potvin, Pierre, account in possession of the author, translated from French version published in The Citadelle (Tony Poulin, trans.).
Prieur, Charles. Chronicles of the Three Rivers Regiment (Tank) at War: Period 1939–1945. Unpublished manuscript.
Princess Patricia’s Canadian Light Infantry War Diary, May 1944. RG24, Vol. 15157. National Archives of Canada.
The Pursuit Battle and Capture of Frosinone. RG24, Vol. 10982. National Archives of Canada.
Regimental History Carleton and York Regiment. 145.2C6.011(D1). Department of National Defence, Directorate of History.
Report on Air Operations in Support of 1 CDN Corps, 11 May–4 June 1944. 8 June 1944. Department of National Defence, Directorate of History.
Report by CCRA 1 CDN Corps on Operations of Canadian Artillery in Italy, May–June 1944. 142.2013(D1). Department of National Defence, Directorate of History.
Report Hitler Line Defences by GS, 1 CDN Infantry Div. RG24, Vol. 10888. National Archives of Canada.
Royal Canadian Regiment War Diary, May 1944, RG24, Vol. 15210. National Archives of Canada.
Royal 22e Regiment War Diary, May 1944, RG24, Vol. 15329. National Archives of Canada.
Seaforth Highlanders of Canada War Diary, May 1944, RG24, Vol. 15256. National Archives of Canada.
2nd Canadian Armoured Regiment (Lord Strathcona’s Horse) War Diary, May 1944. RG24, Vol. 14192. National Archives of Canada.
2nd Canadian Infantry Brigade (Headquarters) War Diary, May 1944. RG24, Vol. 14079. National Archives of Canada.
2nd Field Regiment, Royal Canadian Artillery War Diary, May 1944. RG24, Vol. 14419. National Archives of Canada.
The “Set-Piece” Attack: Lessons From the Breakthrough of the Hitler Line. RG24, Vol. 10779. National Archives of Canada.
17th Field Regiment, Royal Canadian Artillery War Diary, May 1944. RG24, Vol. 14528. National Archives of Canada.
Snow, T.E. (Acting Brigadier). Report on the Battle of the Liri Valley. Department of National Defence, Directorate of History.
——. Statement in Protest Against Adverse Report on A/Brigadier T.E. Snow. MG30, Vol. E-157. National Archives of Canada.
Spurr, J.W. (Captain). Report No. 111B Historical Section Canadian Military Headquarters: Situation of the Canadian Military Forces Overseas, Spring 1944. 19 April 1944. Department of National Defence, Directorate of History.
Stacey, C.P. (Lieutenant Colonel). Report No. 179 Historical Section Canadian Military Headquarters: Canadian Operations in the Liri Valley, May–June 1944. 25 July 1947. Department of National Defence, Directorate of History.
——. Report No. 141 Historical Section Canadian Military Headquarters: Situation of the Canadian Military Forces Overseas, Progress in Equipment (January–December 1944). 18 July 1945. Department of National Defence, Directorate of History.
——. Report No. 122 Historical Officer Canadian Military Headquarters: Situation of the Canadian Military Forces Overseas, Spring 1944: Growth of the Canadian Army Overseas, October 1943–May 1944. 29 August 1944. Department of National Defence, Directorate of History.
——. Report No. 113 Historical Officer Canadian Military Headquarters: Situation of the Canadian Military Forces Overseas, Winter 1943–1944: I. 25 January 1944. Department of National Defence, Directorate of History.
Stursberg, Peter. Broadcasts from 12 May 1944 to 13 July 1944. CBC Radio Archives, Toronto.
3rd Canadian Field Regiment, Royal Canadian Artillery War Diary, May 1944. RG24, Vol. 14435. National Archives of Canada.
3rd Canadian Infantry Brigade (Headquarters) War Diary, May 1944. RG24, Vol. 14084. National Archives of Canada.
3rd Canadian Reconnaissance Regiment (Governor General’s Horse Guards) War Diary, May 1944. RG24, Vol. 14199. National Archives of Canada.
12th Canadian Armoured Regiment (Three Rivers Regiment) War Diary, May 1944. RG24, Vol. 18207. National Archives of Canada.
Vokes, Chris (Major General). Canadian Operations in the Mediterranean Area, July–September 1944: Extracts from War Diaries and Memoranda (Series 27). 20 July 1944. Department of National Defence, Directorate of History.
Vokes, Chris. “The Adriatic Front — Winter 1944.” Vokes Papers, Royal Military College of Canada Massey Library.
Watson, W. deN. (Major). “Major W. deN. Watson PPCLI (MC) interviewed at 14 Gen. Hosp. 2 July, 1944.” 145.2P7011(D3). Department of National Defence, Directorate of History.
Westminster Regiment (Motor) War Diary, May 1944. RG24, Vol. 15283. National Archives of Canada.
West Nova Scotia Regiment Diary, 16–26 May 1944 Inclusive. 145.2W2011(D1). Department of National Defence, Directorate of History.
INTERVIEWS AND CORRESPONDENCE
Beach, Horace Dugald. 1978. Interview by Chris Main. Victoria, BC 15, 19, 24 May. University of Victoria Special Collections.
Brown, Ted. 2000. Correspondence with author. 30 July.
Bulger, Victor. 2000. Correspondence with author. 6 October.
Burton, John Francis. 1984. Interview by Morgan Witzel. Victoria, BC 12 January. University of Victoria Special Collections.
Coppinger, Stephen. 1987. Interview by Tom Torrie. Victoria, BC 11 August. University of Victoria Special Collections.
Creighton, Donald. 2000. Interview by author. Richmond, BC 4 October.
Davis, R.A.C. N.d. Memo to Dr. Reginald Roy, Reginald Roy Papers. University of Victoria Special Collections.
Dodd, G.T. 1962. Memo to Dr. Reginald Roy, Reginald Roy Papers. 16 July. University of Victoria Special Collections.
Dougan, John Alpine. 2000. Interview by author. Victoria, BC 9 October.
——. Interview by Ken MacLeod. Victoria, BC N.d.
Galloway, Strome. 2000. Interview by author. Ottawa. 6 May.
Gildersleeve, Wilf. 2000. Interview by author. West Vancouver, BC 5 October.
Gower, Don. 2000. Correspondence with author. 25 June.
Haley, Jack. 2000. Interview by author. Victoria, BC 24 August.
Harrison, Patrick. 2000. Interview by author. Victoria, BC 23 August.
Hockin, Neil. 1962. Memo to Dr. Reginald Roy, Reginald Roy Papers. 8 July. University of Victoria Special Collections.
Hoffmeister, Bert M. N.d. Interview by B. Greenhous and W. McAndrew. Department of National Defence, Directorate of History.
Hurley, Ron. 2000. Interview by author. Vancouver, BC 4 October.
Illi, Fritz. 1999. Interview by Michael Boire. Zuffenhausen, Germany. 20 February.
Kanik, Stan. 2000. Interview by author. Sidney, BC 9 August.
Kennedy, Earle. 2000. Correspondence with author. 1, 19 July; 17 August.
Kingsmill, Tony. 2001. Correspondence with author. 22 January.
Kinloch, David. 2000. Correspondence with author. 22, 30 November.
Kurbis, Bill. 1962. Memo to Dr. Reginald Roy, Reginald Roy Papers. 26 July. University of Victoria Special Collections.
Lamberti, Federico. 2000. Interview by author. Cassino, Italy. 1 November.
Logan, Rodman. 2000. Correspondence with author. 28 June.
McBride, L.M. N.d. Memo to Dr. Reginald Roy, Reginald Roy Papers. University of Victoria Special Collections.
McGregor, Gordon. 2001. Interview by author. Victoria, BC 3 January.
McLean, John. N.d. Memo to Dr. Reginald Roy, Reginald Roy Papers. University of Victoria Special Collections.
Maltby, Richard Gosse. 1984. Interview by Morgen Witzel. Victoria, BC 18 January. University of Victoria Special Collections.
Milroy, W.A. 2000. Correspondence with author. 5 September.
Nikiforuk, Dan. Interview by author. Sidney, BC 27 December.
Rankin, Harry. 2000. Interview by author. Vancouver, BC 15 October.
Reid, Donald. 2000. Correspondence with author. October and 6 December.
Reynolds, Garnet. 2000. Correspondence with author. October.
Ritchie
, Fred. 2000. Correspondence with author. 25 September.
Smith, Don. 2000. Correspondence with author. 15 August.
Smitheram, H.A. 1962. Memo to Dr. Reginald Roy, Reginald Roy Papers. 29 May. University of Victoria Special Collections.
Stone, James Riley. 1980. Interview by William S. Thackray. Victoria, BC 13, 20 May; 3, 10, 17 June. University of Victoria Special Collections.
Taylor, Nigel. 1962. Memo to Dr. Reginald Roy, Reginald Roy Papers. 15 July. University of Victoria Special Collections.
Tellier, Henri. 2000. Correspondence with author. 18 July; 22 August; 23 September.
Thomas, Sydney. 2000. Interview with author. Salmon Arm, BC 27 May.
Tuck, Don. 1967. Memo to Dr. Reginald Roy, Reginald Roy Papers. 22 November. University of Victoria Special Collections.
Ware, Cameron. 1979. Interview by Reginald Roy. Victoria, BC 23, 25 June; 10 July. University of Victoria Special Collections.
Worton, Bill. 2000. Interview by author. Vancouver, BC 4 October.
GENERAL INDEX
Ranks given for individuals are highest attained as of June 4, 1944
Abram, Lt. Al, 143
Adams, Lt. Col. Fred Dean, 335
Alban Hills, 17, 87, 312, 373, 404–5
Alexander, Gen. Sir Harold Rupert Leofric George, 5, 17, 21–26, 28, 31, 49, 63, 77–78, 84, 86–87, 103, 135, 404–5, 419
Allan, Maj. Jim, 288–91
Allan, Maj. W.C., 187
Allard, Lt. Col. Jean, 181–84, 200–2, 217–18, 222–25, 307–8, 421
Allen, Sgt. Edsell, 257
Allfrey, Lt. Gen. Charles, 49–50, 57, 59, 61
Amos, L/Cpl. George, 429
Amy, Maj. Ned, 67
Anagni, 416–17
Anders, Gen. Wladyslaw, 86, 130, 133, 205, 429
Anderson, Tpr. K.R., 339
Andrew, Cpl. Pete, 212
Anzio, 17–18, 24–27, 46, 49, 60, 77, 107, 196, 240, 260, 318–19, 372–73, 404
Appleby, Cpl. J.F., 185
Aquino, 24, 93, 136, 172, 176, 203–4, 207–14, 222, 226, 231, 233, 235–36, 239, 265, 270, 281, 295, 314–15, 328–29, 332–33, 418, 428
Archibald, Capt. C.M., 374
Arielli River, 48, 52–53, 156
Armstrong, Cpl. R., 277
Arnara, 395, 402–4, 407
Artindale, Lt. W.R., 288–89, 291
Astor, Lady Nancy, 420
Atina, 427
Audrin, Lt., 219–21
Aurunci Mtns., 27, 149, 157, 172, 319
Ausoni Mtns., 24
Avezanno, 134
Baade, Generalleutnant Ernst-Günther, 239–40, 260–61, 312
Baker, Capt. George, 376
Baker, Cpl., 421
Ballard, Lt. Norm, 192
Bannister, Cpl., 296
Beach, Lt. Horace Dugald, 100–101, 103, 151, 153–54, 162–63, 183, 303
Beales, Sgt. T.W., 421
Becker, Sgt. “Pop,” 363
Beelitz, Oberst, 106
Bellavance, Maj. Charles, 183, 217–19, 222, 307
Benedictine Abbey, 9, 18–20, 72, 79, 106, 176, 205–6
Benedictine Crossroads, 345, 347, 349, 355
Bernatchez, Brig. Paul, 68, 179, 184, 188, 195, 200, 203–4, 217, 223, 225, 296, 300, 335
Black, Lt. J.W., 409
Blanchet, Maj. P.M., 379
Blanchette, Lce. Sgt. J.F., 185
Boone, Sgt. R.J., 174
Booth, Lt. Col. E. Leslie, 55, 64, 67, 150
Bower, Cpl. R., 55
Boyer, Ted, 371
Brady, Tpr. Jim, 322
Braithwaite, Sgt. Ken, 212
Brier, Lt. N.H., 305
Briscoe, Tpr. J., 340
Brooke, Field Marshal Sir Alan, 35, 43
Browne, Maj. George, 80
Browne-Clayton, Lt. R.D., 276
Buchan, Lt. Col. John, Lord Tweedsmuir, 133
Bujold, Pte., 200
Bulger, Lance Sgt. 81–82, 108–10, 322
Burnett, Wally, 166–67
Burns, Lt. Gen. Eedson L.M. (Tommy), 59, 67, 69–72, 85–86, 88–92, 164–65, 176, 204, 226–28, 231–34, 256–57, 268–69, 300, 312, 314–16, 327–28, 334, 392, 399, 418–19
Burton, Lt. John Francis, 348–49
Burton, Maj. George Allan, 332–33
Buss, Gunner Ernie, 255
Caldwell, Lt. B.A.C., 190
Cameron, Lt. Col. Don, 173, 189–90, 310
Cameron, Lt. J.A., 211
Cameron, Maj. R.B., 391
Campbell, Capt. A.M., 277
Campobasso, 34, 36, 76, 314, 421
Cardiff Bridge, 113, 120, 122
Carn, Lt. H.W., 56
Caron, Lt. Col. L. Fernand, 150, 152–53, 162, 167
Carroll, Cpl. D. K., 188
Casavant, Pte. Réné, 229–30, 243
Caserta, 24, 127, 129, 161, 421
Cassino, 18, 20–21, 25–26, 49, 60, 72, 77, 79–80, 86, 93, 97, 107, 120, 129, 149, 151, 155, 157–58, 161–64, 170–72, 176–78, 180, 183, 196, 205–6, 246, 425–29
Cawsey, Lt. Al, 113, 122–24, 128–29
Ceccano, 406–7
Ceprano, 101, 136, 153, 180, 327, 329, 360, 372, 377, 380, 382–87, 389–91, 393–94, 402–3, 428
Christian, Lt. Col. Jack, 390
Churchill, Winston, 4, 22, 177
Cisterna, 373
Civitavecchia, 26, 76–77, 106
Clark, Gen. Mark, 16–17, 22, 24–25, 87–88, 404–6, 417
Clark, Lt. Col. Bobby, 43, 360–61, 384
Clarke, Maj. John, 255, 257–58, 309–10
Clements, Lt. Alfred, 54
Cloutier, Cpl., 220
Coleman, Lt. Col. Rowan, 262–65, 274, 278–80
Colleferro, 417
Comfort, Capt. Charles, 206–7
Connelly, Brig. A.B., 419
Conway, Capt. John Joseph, 287–88
Coppinger, Lt. Stephen, 363–65
Corbould, Lt. Col. Gordon, 353, 355, 357–58
Counsell, Maj. Jim, 191–92, 253, 309
Couturier, Sgt. L., 221
Cram, Lt. Norm, 80
Crerar, Lt. Gen. Henry (Harry) Duncan Graham, 32–37, 41–43, 45–46, 59, 61–67, 70–71
Cresswell, Pte. H.E., 202
Crofton, Maj. P.D., 412
Crook, Capt. James, 297
Culling, Pte. John, 355
Danby, Lt. Col. Dick, 62, 189, 217, 297–98
Danude, Capt. R.A., 189–90
Davis, Lt. J.L., 317
Davis, Sgt. R.A.C., 363–65
Deadman, L/Cpl. R.E., 174
Delaney, Lt. Bill, 352, 359, 363
Denis, Pte., 200, 222
Des Rosiers, Lt. L.A.R., 185
Dickie, Lt. David, 166, 169
Dillon, Capt. Dick, 172, 248
Dodd, Cpl. G.T., 332, 375
Dougan, Capt. John, 312–14
Douglas, Lt. Ross, 349–50, 363
Douglas, Maj. Ian, 12–14, 356, 395–96
Dow, Pte. Samuel, 298
Doyle, Maj. Arthur Manning, 92
Drapeau, CSM. R., 219, 221, 223
Duddle, CSM. Joe M., 288–91
Duder, Lt. N.J., 190
Duncan, Lt. Dave, 202–3
Durnford, Maj. Roy, 271–72, 294, 320–23
Eaker, Lt. Gen. Ira G., 104
East, Capt. Stewart, 175
Eastman, Maj. Gerry, 376
Edkins, Sgt. Roy Douglas, 276
Emerson, Lt. Harry, 142
Ensor, Maj. J.P., 178
Esperia, 24, 176
Fairhead, Tpr. Cyril, 430
Ferentino, 414, 416
Ferguson, Tpr., 339
Feuerstein, General der Gebirgetruppen Valentin, 108, 136–37, 372
Finestone, Capt. Barney, 395, 397
Finlayson, Sgt. Tony, 398
Fisher, Graham, 323
Forgrave, Maj. Rick, 248
Forme d’Aquino, 172, 180, 183, 189, 194–95, 200–2, 214, 228, 236, 256, 265, 267
Fornelli Ri
ver, 396
Fries, Generalmajor Walter, 26
Frosinone, 27, 135, 137, 398, 406–7, 411–14
Funk, Tpr. Jacob Kippenstain, 351
Gagnon, Lt. Claude, 221
Gagnon, Pte., 218, 222
Gallant, Joe “Pop,” 53–55
Galloway, Maj. Strome, 48, 62, 66, 68–69, 71–72, 109, 205, 248–49, 414, 420–21
Gamba, Pte. L.P., 321
Gammell, Capt. R.G.M., 266
Garceau, CSM, 221–22, 307–8
Garceau, Maj. Ovila, 183–84, 217, 223–24, 230, 242
Garigliano River, 26, 85, 93
Gari River, xi, 80, 84, 93, 97–101, 106, 110–11, 116–17, 120, 129, 137, 140, 143–44, 151, 154, 165, 169–70, 180, 195, 206–8, 232, 308, 426, 428
Gartke, Lt. R.A., 345–46
Gaskin, Lt., 333–34
Geonais, Pte., 222
Gibson, Brig. Graeme, 68, 263, 267, 278, 290, 292–93, 299–300, 323, 410–11
Gildersleeve, Lt. Wilf, 320
Girling, Sgt. Al, 320
Glendinning, Pte. Alfred, 259
Gower, Lt. Donald, 278, 292
Green, Colonel, 138–39
Greiner, Gen. Heinz, 107
Grey, Major, 167
Griffin, Lt. Col. Phillip George, 328, 342, 347, 362, 407–8, 410
Grimes, Capt. R.G., 346
Gustafson, Pte. K.J., 289
Gustav Line, 4–6, 9, 16–18, 21–25, 27, 77, 80, 84, 86, 97–100, 103, 110, 113, 133–34, 136, 140, 148–49, 156, 164–65, 175, 177–78, 196, 235–37, 312, 319
Haining, Lt. H.J., 297
Haley, L/Cpl. Jack, 319–20, 322–23
Hall, Pte. R.L., 306
Halstall, Pte. Leo, 202–3
Hammond, Maj. F.J., 190
Handley, Capt. Jack, 400–401
Hare, Maj., 301–2
Harris, Pte. Arthur Edgar, 401, 429
Harrison, Lt. Ken, 350–51
Harrison, Lt. Patrick, 78–80, 83–84, 109–10
Harrison, Pte. Eddie, 175
Harrold, Capt., 213
Hawkins, Capt. Bud, 212
Hayter, Lt. R., 415
Heidrich, Gen. Richard “Papa,” 177–78, 196, 239, 260–61
Helmsley, Tim, 131–32
Henderson, Lt. Sted, 382
Hitler, Adolf, 3, 98, 106, 372
Hitler Line, xi, 17–18, 28, 86, 88–89, 93, 98, 100, 108, 112, 149, 156, 164–65, 171–73, 175, 196, 201–4, 231, 233, 244, 247–48, 250, 254, 256, 258–59, 262–63, 265–66, 268, 308, 311–12, 328, 334–35, 374, 411, 418, 430–31
after-battle assessment of, 313–21