On the 16th of June the van of his squadron hove in sight, and the next day Nelson sent Troubridge and Hardy to Naples, while he himself remained with the rest of his fleet off Capri. Troubridge went at once to the British embassy —Troubridge of whom Nelson had written to Sir
EMMA, LADY HAMILTON
SIR THOMAS LAWRENCE
William Hamilton a day or so earlier, " I send Captain Troubridge to communicate with your excellency, and, as Captain Troubridge is in full possession of my confidence, I beg that whatever he says may be considered as coming from me." To this he added, with that generous love of praise so characteristic, " Captain Troubridge is my honoured acquaintance of twenty-five years, and the very best sea-officer in his Majesty's
service."
Sir William Hamilton at once took Troubridge and Hardy to an informal council at Sir John Acton's house. Nelson wanted an order authorizing him to use the Sicilian ports with more freedom than the French compact permitted—he wanted a sort of informal credential. The King, of course, could not sign such a thing, but Acton might—in his name. There was discussion, hesitation ; but " Captain Troubridge went straight to the point"—just as he went straight at the towering ships of Spain off Cape St. Vincent. Acton was prevailed upon to write an order—not very effectual, but, as it seemed, the best that could be done under the circumstances.
Nelson was very far from satisfied with this result, and describing it to Lord St. Vincent, he wrote—
" Captain Troubridge returned with information, that the French fleet were off Malta on
142 NELSON'S LADY HAMILTON
the 8th, going to attack it, that Naples was at peace with the French republic, therefore could afford us no assistance in ships, but that, under the rose, they would give us the use of their ports, and sincerely wished us well, but did not give me the smallest information of what was, or likely to be, the future destination of the French armaments.'*
The admiral had all the scorn of a man of instant action for the paltry hesitations of those who dared not when they would. It was his temper to say—
" that we would do
We should do when we would; for this * would' changes, And hath abatements and delays as many As there are tongues, are hands, are accidents."
And there were two women in Naples who held the same faith, and who had nothing but contempt for enforced treaties. While the council was taking place at Acton's house, Emma, who guessed how little it was really likely to effect, went in haste to the Queen, who was still in bed. Then ensued one of the dramatic scenes in which Emma delighted. She told the Queen that all would be lost if Nelson's fleet was not freely supplied, and thus enabled to follow the French. She fell on her knees and implored Maria Carolina not to wait on the hesitating action of the King or the Prime Minister, but to act for herself, and give an order in her own name "to all
Governors of the Two Sicilies to receive with hospitality the British fleet to water, victual, and aid them."
It is a little difficult to believe that the Queen of Naples needed all this dramatic persuasion to do what her own interests and inclinations dictated. However, that is how Lady Hamilton tells the story. The Queen consented, the order was written, and Emma departed, all joy and exultation. Troubridge and Hardy had landed at six o'clock in the morning; at eight the council broke up, and Emma joined them. On their way back together to the Palazzo Sessa she told them what she had done, " producing the order, to their astonishment and delight. They embraced me with patriotic joy. * It will/ said the gallant Troubridge, ' cheer to extacy our valiant friend, Nelson. Otherwise we must have gone for Gibraltar/ "
On the same day Lady Hamilton wrote to Nelson—
" MY DEAR ADMIRAL, —I write in a hurry as Captain T. Carrol stays on Monarch. God bless you, and send you victorious, and that I may see you bring back Buonaparte with you. Pray send Captain Hardy out to us, for I shall have a fever with anxiety. The Queen desires me to say everything that's kind, and bids me say with her whole heart and soul she wishes you victory.
144 NELSON'S LADY HAMILTON
God bless you, my dear Sir. I will not say how glad I shall be to see you. Indeed I cannot describe to you my feelings on your being so near us.—Ever, Ever, dear Sir, Your affte. and gratefull. EMMA HAMILTON "
Following this note to Nelson came another hurried line, evidently of the same date—
" DEAR SIR, —I send you a letter I have received this moment from the Queen. Kiss it, and send it back by Bowen, as I am bound not to give any of her letters.—Ever your EMMA."
To Mr. Walter Sichel belongs the credit of having unravelled a tangle of misconjecture, and brought forward Nelson's well-known letter as the immediate answer to this note of Lady Hamilton's. The two fit together with exactitude—
" MY DEAR LADY HAMILTON, —I have kissed the Queen's letter. Pray say I hope for the honor of kissing her hand when no fears will intervene, assure her Majesty that no person has her felicity more than myself at heart and that the sufferings of her family will be a Tower of Strength on the day of Battle, fear not the event, God is with us, God Bless you and Sir William, pray say I cannot stay to answer his letter.— Ever yours faithfully. HORATIO NELSON"
On this letter Emma afterwards wrote, " This letter I received after I had sent the Queen's letter for receiving our ships into their ports, for the Queen had decided to act in opposition to the King, who would not then break with France, and our Fleet must have gone down to Gibraltar to have watered, and the battle of the Nile would not have been fought, for the French fleet would have got back to Toulon."
The natural conclusion to draw from these documents is that the Queen's letter, forwarded to Nelson by Emma, contained promises of further letters to the Governors of Sicilian ports —not simply the Queen's general order which Emma had obtained for him already, but something which was not sent to him till later. In the Codicil to his Will, Nelson says—
" The British fleet under my command could never have returned a second time to Egypt had not Lady Hamilton's influence with the Queen of Naples caused letters to be wrote to the Governor of Syracuse, that he was to encourage the fleet to be supplied with everything, should they put into any port in Sicily. We put into Syracuse, and received every supply ; went to Egypt and destroyed the French fleet."
But before he went to Egypt that second triumphant time he had a futile voyage to Alexandria, bringing him nothing but mental distress
146 NELSON'S LADY HAMILTON
and disappointment. He longed to " try Buonaparte on a wind/' and missed the opportunity— which would have changed the destinies of Europe—by a sail's length, as it were. Rewrote to his Commander-in-Chief from Alexandria, explaining his failure, and submitting with courageous dignity to the possibility of censure and recall:—
" I am before your Lordship's judgment, which in the present case I feel is the tribunal of my country, and if, under all circumstances, it is decided that I am wrong, I ought, for the sake of our country, to be superseded; for at this moment, when I know the French are not in Alexandria, I hold the same opinion as off Cape Passaro— viz. that under all circumstances I was right in steering for Alexandria, and by that opinion I must stand or fall. However erroneous my judgment may be, I feel conscious of my honest intentions, which I hope will bear me up under the greatest misfortune that could happen to me as an officer—that of your Lordship's thinking me wrong."
Disappointed, puzzled, driven by his eager and anxious mind, for once failing to take into account the possibility that his own fleet might have outsailed Buonaparte's unwieldy armada, Nelson turned from Alexandria and stretched over to the coast of Caramania, and then, in distress for the safety of the Two Sicilies, returned
to Syracuse, having, in his own words, "gone a round of six hundred leagues with an expedition incredible," and yet come back "as ignorant of the situation of the enemy as I was twenty-seven days ago!"
What he suffered during the anxieties and uncertainties of the chase, under the burd
en of his tremendous responsibilities, is shown by his saying, " On the i8th" [the day before he anchored at Syracuse] " I had near died, with the swelling of some of the vessels of the heart. More people, perhaps, die of broken hearts than we are aware of." Many years later he told Troubridge, " Do not fret at anything, I wish I never had, but my return to Syracuse in 1798, broke my heart, which on any extraordinary anxiety now shows itself, be that feeling pain or pleasure."
At Syracuse the Governor at first made difficulties about admitting more than four English ships; but eventually, under the influence of some talisman from the Queen, the difficulties melted away, and the whole of Nelson's fleet was refreshed. He wrote gratefully to Sir William and Lady Hamilton—
" MY DEAR FRIENDS, —Thanks to your exertions, we have victualled and watered: and surely watering at the Fountain of Arethusa we must have victory. We shall sail with the first
148 NELSON'S LADY HAMILTON
breeze, and be assured I will return either crowned with laurel, or covered with cypress."
And so Nelson and his " band of brothers " once more set their faces towards Egypt.
CHAPTER IX
AFTER THE NILE
THE long pursuit was ended. It was no longer quest but conquest when on the late afternoon of the ist of August, 1798, Nelson sighted the French fleet anchored in Aboukir Bay. It was near sunset; he had no pilots, the coast was strewn with shoals; but to his inspired determination these were small things ; the long-sought enemy was before him. The French flattered themselves that for the night, at least, they were safe. They did not know the English admiral. Like a thunderbolt of war, Nelson fell upon them, irresistible and terrible. All through the hours of dark the battle raged close by the Egyptian shore—lit for a time by the flaming torch of the burning Orient, the great French flagship, the thunder of whose explosion was followed by a stunning silence, an awestruck pause, as the seamen stood at their guns with the linstocks burning unheeded in their hands, gazing at the appalling spectacle. When morning broke the French fleet was annihilated—taken, burnt,
150 NELSON'S LADY HAMILTON
or sunk. In its suddenness, one of the most dramatic battles of history; in its completeness, one of the most momentous—the Nile stands out as Nelson's most dazzling achievement. In Mahan's words, " The blow had struck home and resounded through the four quarters of the world."
Nelson might well call it not a victory but a conquest, for its effects were far-reaching. Napoleon's plans were completely undone ; his Army of the Pyramids was untouched, but it was no longer a danger. " The French army is in a scrape," wrote Nelson, with his usual strategic insight. " They are up the Nile without supplies. The inhabitants will allow nothing to pass by land, nor H. N. by water."
The joy at Naples, when the news of the overwhelming victory arrived, can only be measured by some knowledge of the previous dejection of the Neapolitan court and the constant menace under which it had been dwelling ever since the outbreak of the French Revolution. From the mouth of the Nile on the 8th of August, with the awe of his great triumph still upon him, Nelson wrote very simply to Sir William Hamilton: " Almighty God has made me the happy instrument in destroying the enemy's fleet; which, I hope, will be a blessing to Europe."
Captain Capel and Lieutenant Hoste brought the splendid news to Naples in the Mutine, and
"ARIADNE"
GEORGE RO.MNEY
were received with acclaim. Maria Carolina's raptures far outstepped the usual bounds of royal decorum; she wept and laughed and walked up and down in a passion of relief. Emma, as might be expected, did not hide her light under a bushel. It was the most glorious occasion that ever a woman had lived to take part in. Nelson was her countryman, the friend of her husband and herself, and they had aided him to this superb victory. The state of almost hysterical exultation into which she was thrown is best shown by the letter she wrote to Nelson on the 8th of September:—
"My DEAR, DEAR SIR, —How shall I begin, what shall I say to you ? 'Tis impossible I can write, for since last Monday I am delerious with joy, and assure you I have a fevour caused by agitation and pleasure. God, what a victory! Never, never has there been anything half so glorious, so compleat. I fainted when I heard the joyfull news, and fell on my side and am hurt, but [am] now well of that. I shou'd feil it a glory to die in such a cause. No, I wou'd not like to die till I see and embrace the Victor of the Nile. How shall I describe to you the transports of Maria Carolina, 'tis not possible. She fainted and kissed her husband, her children, walked about the room, cried, kissed, and embraced every person near her, exclaiming, Oh,
152 NELSON'S LADY HAMILTON
brave Nelson, oh, God bless and protect our brave deliverer, oh, Nelson, Nelson, what do we not owe to you, oh Victor, Savour of Itali, oh^ that my swolen heart coud now tell him personally what we owe to him !
"You may judge, my dear Sir, of the rest, but my head will not permit me to tell you half of the rejoicing. The Neapolitans are mad with joy, and if you wos here now, you wou'd be killed with kindness. Sonets on sonets, illuminations, rejoicings; not a French dog dare shew his face. How I glory in the honner of my Country and my Countryman ! I walk and tread in air with pride, feiling I was born in the same land with the victor Nelson and his gallant band. But no more, I cannot, dare not, trust myself, for I am not well. Little dear Captain Hoste will tell you the rest. He dines with us in the day, for he will not sleep out of his ship, and we Love him dearlyo He is a fine, good lad. Sir William is delighted with him, and I say he will be a second Nelson. If he is only half a Nelson, he will be superior to all others.
" I send you two letters from my adorable queen. One was written to me the day we received the glorious news, the other yesterday. Keep them, as they are in her own handwriting. I have kept copies only, but I feil that you ought to have them. If you had seen our meeting after the battle, but I will keep it all for your arrival.
I coo'd not do justice to her felling nor to my own, with writing it; and we are preparing your appartment against you come. I hope it will not be long, for Sir William and I are so impatient to embrace you. I wish you cou'd have seen our house the 3 nights of illumination. 'Tis, 'twas covered with your glorious name. Their were 3 thousand Lamps, and their shou'd have been 3 millions if we had had time. All the English vie with each other in celebrating this most gallant and ever memorable victory. Sir William is ten years younger since the happy news, and he now only wishes to see his friend to be completely happy. How he glories in you when your name is mentioned. He cannot contain his joy. For God's sake come to Naples soon. We receive so many Sonets and Letters of congratulation. I send you some of them to shew you how your success is felt here. How I felt for poor Troubridge. He must have been so angry on the sandbank, so brave an officer! In short, I pity those who were not in the battle. I wou'd have been rather an English powder-monkey, or a swab in that great victory, than an Emperor out of it, but you will be so tired of all this. Write or come soon to Naples, and rejoin your ever sincere and obliged friend.
"EMMA HAMILTON"
There is something of the real heroic ring in
154 NELSON'S LADY HAMILTON
that letter, in spite of its extravagance and lack of balance, its extraordinary demonstrativeness. But if the letter is somewhat extraordinary, so were the circumstances. Emma would have been less than English had she not carried a swelling heart in her breast and looked upon Nelson with eyes of worship. Triumphs at sea there were in the memory of men then living—• the glorious ist of June, Rodney's Battle of the Saints, and, earlier, Hawke's great victory of Quiberon Bay ; but the lustre of the Nile eclipsed them all. Moreover, to Emma the older admirals were names, and no more ; but Nelson she knew; Nelson she had seen and spoken with.
Long had Emma yearned for great events and when she found herself in the very midst of an unparalleled occasion, she missed no single moment, omitted no single sign of rejoicing. Indeed, her festivities were as exuberant as herself. The greatness of the time
must be symbolized in every way. She tells the victorious admiral, " My dress from head to foot is alia Nelson. Ask Hoste. Even my shawl is in Blue with gold anchors all over. My earrings are Nelson's anchors; in short, we are be-Nelsoned all over."
In that little account is revealed one of Lady Hamilton's characteristic failings—the lack of delicacy and love of prominence which permitted her to use the names of Nelson and the Nile as toys and trimmings for her own adornment,
to consider " we are be-Nelsoned all over," a further cause of satisfaction for the great admiral. Nelson's own attitude towards the battle was so finely different. " The hand of God," he wrote to his father, "was visibly pressed on the French : it was not in the power of man to gain such a Victory." Nelson had a child-like vanity which was the outward manifestation of a very superb and deep-rooted faith in himself, but till he came under the influence of Lady Hamilton his vanity —if vanity it can be called in such a man—was of a simple and engaging sort, never guilty of those outrages to taste and feeling of which Emma herself was so fatally capable. But Emma's lack of restraint and dignity was offset by her fine large nature and her endless capacity for toiling in the service of those she loved and honoured. Stern old St. Vincent had called her the " Patroness of the Navy," and it was a name she fully deserved. All who had fought with Nelson were entitled to her exertions and her enthusiastic admiration. Captain Ball wrote to her in the following year : " I find, that you fascinate all the navy as much at Palermo as you did at Naples. If we had many such advocates, every body would be a candidate for our profession." Indeed, till the time when Troubridge ventured to speak his mind about her behaviour with Nelson, there was hardly an officer or seaman in the British fleet who did not think her as kind as she was
Nelson's Lady Hamilton Page 11