CHAPTER THREE
1. R. Moynihan, J. Doust, and D. Henry, “Preventing Overdiagnosis: How to Stop Harming the Healthy,” BMJ 344 (2012): e3502.
2. “Choosing Wisely: Five Things Physicians and Patients Should Question” (2012) ABIM Foundation, http://choosingwisely.org/?page_id=13.
3. Paul Enright, “A Homeopathic Remedy for Early COPD,” Respiratory Medicine 105 (2011): 1573–75.
4. U.S. Preventive Services Task Force, “Screening for Breast Cancer: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement,” Ann Intern Med 151, no. 10 (2009): 716–26.
5. R. Harris, “Overview of Screening: Where We Are and Where We May Be Headed,” Epidemiologic Reviews 33, no. 1 (2011): 1–6.
6. Andrew J Bacevich, “The Tyranny of Defense Inc.,” The Atlantic (January/February 2011) http://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2011/01/the-tyranny-of-defense-inc/308342.
7. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, “Why Is Health Spending in the United States So High?”(2011); http://www.oecd.org/unitedstates/49084355.pdf.
8. P. D. McGorry, “Is Early Intervention in the Major Psychiatric Disorders Justified? Yes,” BMJ 337 (2008): a695.
9. Brian Deer, “How the Case Against the MMR Vaccine Was Fixed,” BMJ 342 (2011), http://www.bmj.com/content/342/bmj.c5347.
10. L. Batstra and others, “Childhood Emotional and Behavioral Problems: Reducing Overdiagnosis Without Risking Undertreatment,” Dev Med Child Neurol 54, no. 6 (2012): 492–94.
11. R. L. Morrow and others, “Influence of Relative Age on Diagnosis and Treatment of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Children,” CMAJ 184, no. 7 (2012): 755–62.
12. Peter Parry, “Paediatric Bipolar Disorder (Pbd) and Pre-Pubertal Paediatric Bipolar Disorder (PPBD)—a Controversy from America,” (2009) Black Dog Institute,http://www.blackdoginstitute.org.au/docs/PaediatricbipolardisoderacontroversyfromtheUSA.pdf.
13. A. Frances, Editorial: “Problems in Defining Clinical Significance in Epidemiological Studies,” Arch Gen Psychiatry 55, no. 2 (1998): 119.
14. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, “Results from the 2009 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Mental Health Findings,” (Rockville, MD, 2012).
15. Peter D. Kramer, Listening to Prozac (New York: Penguin, 1993).
16. S. J. Williams, P. Martin, and J. Gabe, “The Pharmaceuticalisation of Society? A Framework for Analysis,” Sociol Health Illn 33, no. 5 (2011): 710–25.
17. Rick Newman, “Why Health Insurers Make Lousy Villains,” US News & World Report, Money Section, August 25, 2009, accessed September 25, 2012; http://money.usnews.com/money/blogs/flowchart/2009/08/25/why-health-insurers-make-lousy-villains.
18. M. A. Gagnon and J. Lexchin, “The Cost of Pushing Pills: A New Estimate of Pharmaceutical Promotion Expenditures in the United States,” PLoS Med 5, no. 1 (2008), http://www.plosmedicine.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pmed.0050001.
19. Jeffrey Lieberman and others, “Effects of Antipsychotic Drugs in Patients with Schizophrenia,” New England J Med 353 (September 22, 2005): 1209–33.
20. F. S. Sierles and others, “Medical Students’ Exposure to and Attitudes About Drug Company Interactions: A National Survey,” JAMA 294, no. 9 (2005): 1034–42.
21. R. Mojtabai and M. Olfson, “National Trends in Psychotropic Medication Polypharmacy in Office-Based Psychiatry,” Arch Gen Psychiatry 67, no. 1 (2010).
22. J. S. Comer, M. Olfson, and R. Mojtabai, “National Trends in Child and Adolescent Psychotropic Polypharmacy in Office-Based Practice, 1996–2007,” J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 49, no. 10 (2010).
23. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, “Results from the 2011 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Summary of National Findings,” NSDUH Series H-41, HHS Publication No. (SMA) 11-4658. Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 2012.
24. Tracy Staton and Eric Palmer, “Pharma’s Top 11 Marketing Settlements” Fierce Pharma (June 26, 2012) http://www.fiercepharma.com/special-reports/top-10-pharma-settlements/top-10-pharma-settlements.
25. Bill Berkrot and Pierson Randell, “J&J to Pay $181 Mln to Settle Improper Marketing Claims,” Thomson Reuters News & Insights, August 30, 2012, http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/08/30/us-johnsonandjohnson-settlement-idUSBRE87T10X20120830.
26. Department of Justice, “GlaxoSmithKline to Plead Guilty and Pay $3 Billion to Resolve Fraud Allegations and Failure to Report Safety Data” (2012); http://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/2012/July/12-civ-842.html.
27. Department of Justice, “Abbott Labs to Pay $1.5 Billion to Resolve Criminal Civil Investigations of Off-Label Promotion of Depakote” (2012); http://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/2012/May/12-civ-585.html.
28. Bill Berkrot and Pierson Randell, “J&J to Pay $181 Mln to Settle Improper Marketing Claims,” Thomson Reuters News & Insights, August 30, 2012, http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/08/30/us-johnsonandjohnson-settlement-idUSBRE87T10X20120830.
29. Ed Silverman, “After the Risperdal Trial, J&J Looks More Like Humpty-Dumpty,” Forbes, 20 January 2012, http://www.forbes.com/sites/edsilverman/2012/01/20/after-the-risperdal-trial-jj-looks-more-like-humpty-dumpty.
30. Department of Justice, “Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corp. to Pay More Than $420 Million to Resolve Off-Label Promotion and Kickback Allegations” (2010); http://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/2010/September/10-civ-1102.html.
31. Department of Justice, “Drug Maker Forest Pleads Guilty; to Pay More Than $313 Million to Resolve Criminal Charges and False Claims Act Allegations,” (2010); http://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/2010/September/10-civ-1028.html.
32. Department of Justice, “Pharmaceutical Giant AstraZeneca to Pay $520 Million for Off-Label Drug Marketing” (2010); http://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/2010/April/10-civ-487.html.
33. Department of Justice, “Pfizer to Pay $2.3 Billion for Fraudulent Marketing” (2009); http://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/2009/September/09-civ-900.html.
34. Department of Justice, “Eli Lilly and Company Agrees to Pay $1.415 Billion to Resolve Allegations of Off-Label Promotion of Zyprexa” (2009); http://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/2009/January/09-civ-038.html.
35. Department of Justice, “The Accomplishments of the U.S. Department of Justice 2001–2009” (2009), http://www.fas.org/irp/agency/doj/2001-2009.pdf.
36. Department of Justice, “Justice Department Recovers $2 Billion for Fraud Against the Government in Fy 2007; More Than $20 Billion since 1986” (2007); http://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/2007/November/07_civ_873.html.
37. Department of Justice, “Warner-Lambert to Pay $430 Million to Resolve Criminal & Civil Health Care Liability Relating to Off-Label Promotion” (2004); http://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/2004/May/04_civ_322.htm.
38. J. C. Fournier and others, “Antidepressant Drug Effects and Depression Severity: A Patient-Level Meta-Analysis,” JAMA 303, no. 1 (2010).
39. I. Kirsch, “Antidepressants and the Placebo Response,” Epidemiological Psychiatr Soc 18, no. 4 (2009): 318–22.
40. M. Fassler and others, “Frequency and Circumstances of Placebo Use in Clinical Practice—a Systematic Review of Empirical Studies,” BMC Med 8 (2010); http://www.biomedcentral.com/1741-7015/8/15.
41. Laura A. Pratt, Debra J. Brody, and Qiuping Gu, “Antidepressant Use in Persons Aged 12 and Over: United States, 2005–2008,” in NCHS Data Brief (Hyattsville, MD, 2011).
42. Ryan Du Bosar, “Psychotropic Drug Prescriptions by Medical Specialty,” ACP Internist (2009), http://www.acpinternist.org/archives/2009/11/national-trends.htm.
43. Leslie Russell, “Mental Health Care Services in Primary Care,” monograph, Center for American Progress (October, 2010); http://www.americanprogress.org/issues/healthcare/report/2010/10/04/8466/mental-health-care-services-in-primary-care.
44. Peter J. Cunningham, “Beyond Parity: Primary Care Physicians’ Perspective on Access to Mental Health Care,” Health Affairs 28, no. 3 (May/June 2009): 490–501; doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.28.3.w490.
45. L. N. Robins and others, “Lifetime Prevalence of Specific Psychiatric Disorders in Three Sites,” Arch Gen Psychiatry 41, no. 10 (1984): 949–58.
46. R. C. Kessler and others, “Lifetime Prevalence and Age-of-Onset Distributions of DSM-IV Disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication,” Arch Gen Psychiatry 62, no. 6 (2005): 593–602.
47. R. de Graaf and others., “Prevalence of Mental Disorders and Trends from 1996 to 2009. Results from the Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study-2,” Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 47, no. 2 (2012): 303–13.
48. T. E. Moffitt et al., “How Common Are Common Mental Disorders? Evidence That Lifetime Prevalence Rates Are Doubled by Prospective Versus Retrospective Ascertainment,” Psychol Med 40, no. 6 (2010): 899–909.
49. W. Copeland and others, “Cumulative Prevalence of Psychiatric Disorders by Young Adulthood: A Prospective Cohort Analysis from the Great Smoky Mountains Study,” J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 50, no. 3 (2011): 252–61.
50. C. Moreno, G. Laje, C. Blanco, H. Jiang, A. B. Schmidt, and M. Olfson, “National trends in the outpatient diagnosis and treatment of bipolar disorder in youth,” Arch Psychiatry 64 (2007):1032–39.
51. CDC estimates 1 in 88 children in United States has been identified as having an autism spectrum disorder (accessed October 8, 2012); http://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2012/p0329_autism_disorder.html.
52. B. Bloom, R. A. Cohen, and G. Freeman, “Summary health statistics for U.S. children: National Health Interview Survey, 2010,” National Center for Health Statistics. Vital Health Statistics, Series 10, no. 250 (2011); http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/series/sr_10/sr10_250.pdf.
53. T. A. Ketter, “Diagnostic features, prevalence, and impact of bipolar disorder,” J Clin Psychiatry 71, no. 6 (June 2010): e14.
54. Richard A. Friedman, “A Call for Caution on Antipsychotic Drugs,” New York Times, Health Section, September 24, 2012 (accessed September 25, 2012); http://www.nytimes.com/2012/09/25/health/a-call-for-caution-in-the-use-of-antipsychotic-drugs.html?_r=1.
55. B. L. Smith, “Inappropriate Prescribing,” American Psychological Association; http://www.apa.org/monitor/2012/06/prescribing.aspx (accessed September 19, 2012).
56. Michael Kleinrock, “The Use of Medications in the US: Review of 2012,” IMS Institute for Health Informatics, p. 28 (accessed September 25, 2012); http://www.imshealth.com/imshealth/Global/Content/IMS%20Institute/Documents/IHII_UseOfMed_report%20.pdf.
57. Jonathan S. Comer, Ramin Mojtabai, and Mark Olfson, “National Trends in the Antipsychotic Treatment of Outpatients with Anxiety Disorders,” Am J Psychiatry 168 (2011): 1057–65.
58. G. Caleb Alexander and others, “Increasing Off-Label Use of Antipsychotic Medications in the US, 1995–2008,” National Institutes of Health (January 6, 2011); doi: 10.10021pds.2082.
59. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, “Drug Overdose Deaths—Florida, 2003–2009,” MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 60, no. 26 (2011).
60. Peter W. Chiarelli, “Army Health Promotion Risk Reduction Suicide Prevention Report 2010,” U.S. Department of Defense, American Forces Press Service (2010), http://www.defense.gov/News/NewsArticle.aspx?ID=60236.
61. Gardiner Harris, “Talk Doesn’t Pay, So Psychiatry Turns Instead to Drug Therapy,” New York Times, March 5, 2011.
62. J. C. West and others, “Economic Grand Rounds: Financial Disincentives for the Provision of Psychotherapy,” Psychiatr Serv 54, no. 12 (2003): 1582–83.
63. R. Mojtabai and M. Olfson, “National Patterns in Antidepressant Treatment by Psychiatrists and General Medical Providers: Results from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication,” J Clin Psychiatry 69, no. 7 (2008): 1064–74.
64. M. W. Otto and others, “A Comparison of the Efficacy of Clonazepam and Cognitive-Behavioral Group Therapy for the Treatment of Social Phobia,” J Anxiety Disord 14, no. 4 (2000): 345–58.
65. B. Roshanaei-Moghaddam and others, “Relative Effects of Cbt and Pharmacotherapy in Depression Versus Anxiety: Is Medication Somewhat Better for Depression, and Cbt Somewhat Better for Anxiety?” Depress Anxiety 28, no. 7 (2011): 560–67.
66. G. I. Spielmans, M. I. Berman, and A. N. Usitalo, “Psychotherapy Versus Second-Generation Antidepressants in the Treatment of Depression: A Meta-Analysis,” J Nerv Ment Dis 199, no. 3 (2011): 142–49.
67. N. R. Silton and others, “Stigma in America: Has Anything Changed? Impact of Perceptions of Mental Illness and Dangerousness on the Desire for Social Distance: 1996 and 2006,” J Nerv Ment Dis 199, no. 6 (2011): 361–66.
68. R. Smith, “In Search of Non-Disease,” BMJ 324, no. 7342 (April 13, 2002): 883–85.
69. Charles Rosenberg, The Trial of the Assassin Guiteau (New York: The Notable Trials Library, 1996).
70. P. S. Wang and others, “Use of Mental Health Services for Anxiety, Mood, and Substance Disorders in 17 Countries in the WHO World Mental Health Surveys,” The Lancet 370, no. 9590 (2007): 841–50.
CHAPTER FOUR
1. Hilary Evans and Robert E. Bartholomew, Outbreak!, The Encyclopedia of Extraordinary Social Behavior (San Antonio, TX: Anomalist Press, 2009).
2. I. M. Lewis, Ecstatic Religion: A Study of Shamanism and Spiritual Possession (New York: Routledge, 2003).
3. John Waller, The Dancing Plague: The Strange True Story of an Extraordinary Illness (Naperville, IL: Sourcebooks, 2009).
4. Mark Collins Jenkins, Vampire Forensics: Uncovering the Origins of an Enduring Legend (Washington, D.C.: National Geographic Society, 2010).
5. Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (Translated and edited by Michael Hulse), The Sorrows of Young Werther (London, U.K.: Penguin Books, 1989).
6. CDC, “Suicide Contagion and the Reporting of Suicide; Recommendations from a National Workshop on Reporting on Suicide” (accessed August 22, 2012): www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00031539.htm.
7. Isaac G. Briggs, Epilepsy, Hysteria and Neurasthenia: Their Causes, Symptoms, Treatment (Charleston, SC: Bibliobazaar, 2007).
8. Josef Breuer and Sigmund Freud, Studies in Hysteria (New York: Basic Books, 2000).
9. Harold Merskey, The Analysis of Hysteria, 2nd ed. (London, U.K.: The Royal College of Psychiatry, 1995).
10. Corbett H. Thigpen, MD, and Hervey Cleckley, MD, The Three Faces of Eve (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1957).
11. August Piper, MD, and Harold Merskey, DM, “The Persistence of Folly: A Critical Examination of Dissociative Identity Disorder Part II: The Defence and Decline of Multiple Personality or DID,” Canadian J Psychiatry 49, no. 10 (2004): 678–83.
12. Debbie Nathan, Satan’s Silence: Ritual Abuse and the Making of a Modern American Witch Hunt (Lincoln, NE: Author’s Choice Press, 1995).
CHAPTER FIVE
1. H. A. Pincus, “DSM-IV and new diagnostic categories: Holding the line on proliferation,” Am J Psychiatry 149 (1992): 112–17.
2. Laura Batstra and Allen Frances, “Diagnostic Inflation: Causes and a Suggested Cure,” Nerv Ment Disease 200, no. 6 (June 2012): 474–79; doi: 10.1097/NMD.0b013e318257c4a2.
3. Richard L. Morrow, and others “Influence of relative age on diagnosis and treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children,” CMAJ, March 5, 2012; http://www.cmaj.ca/content/early/2012/03/05/cmaj.111619.full.pdf+html.
4. S. Boyles, “Study confirms ADHD is more common in boys,” WebMD Health News, September 15, 2004; http://www.webmd.com/add-adhd/news/20040915/study-confirms-adhd-is-more-common-in-boys (accessed March 10, 2011).
5. K. Bruchmüller, J. Margraf, and S. Schneider, “Is ADHD Diagnosed in Accord with Diagnostic Criteria? Overdiagnosis and Influence of Client Gender on Diagnosis,” J Consult Clin Psychology 80, no. 1 (February 2012): 128–38; doi: 10.1037/a0026582.
6. Howard Wolinsky, “Disease Mongering and Drug Marketing,” EMBO Reports 6, no. 7 (July 2005): 612–14, accessed September 4, 2012; http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1369125.
7. C. B. Phillips, “Medicine goes to school: teachers as sickness brokers f
or ADHD,” PLoS Med. 3, no. 4 (2006): 433–35.
8. “Short-Supply Prescription Drugs: Shining a Light on the Gray Market,” Democratic Press Office, July 25, 2012; http://commerce.senate.gov/public/index.cfm?p=Hearings&ContentRecord_id=0c41d6c9-cce9-4f59-bb82-fb19bfd057dc&ContentType_id=14f995b9-dfa5-407a-9d35-56cc7152a7ed&Group_id=b06c39af-e033-4cba-9221-de668ca1978a.
9. Martin Whitely, Speed Up and Sit Still: The Controversies of ADHD Diagnosis and Treatment (Perth: UWA Publishing, 2010).
10. Carmen Moreno, MD, and others, “National Trends in the Outpatient Diagnosis and Treatment of Bipolar Disorder in Youth,” Arch Gen Psychiatry 64, no. 9 (September 2007): 1032–39.
11. Joyce Nolan Harrison, MD, and others, “Antipsychotic Medication Prescribing Trends in Children and Adolescents,” J Ped Health Care 26, no. 2 (March 2012): 139–45.
12. Mark Olfson, MD, and others, “National trends in the outpatient treatment of children and adolescents with antipsychotic drugs,” Arch Gen Psychiatry 63 (2006): 679–85.
13. Shelley Murphy, “Doctor Is Sued in Death of Girl, 4,” Boston Globe, April 4, 2008 (accessed September 25, 2012); http://www.boston.com/news/local/articles/2008/04/04/doctor_is_sued_in_death_of_girl_4.
14. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, “Autism Spectrum Disorders: Data and Statistics”; http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/autism/data.html (accessed September 4, 2012).
15. Young Shin Kim, MD, and others, “Prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorders in a Total Population Sample,” Am J Psychiatry 168 (2011): 904–12.
16. E. Fombonne, “Epidemiological studies of pervasive developmental disorders,” in F. R. Volkmar, A. Klin, R. Paul, and D. J. Cohen, eds. Handbook of Autism and Pervasive Developmental Disorders, 3rd ed. (Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley, 2005), 42–69.
17. Richard Horton, “A Statement by the Editors of Lancet,” The Lancet 363, issue 9411 (March 6, 2004): 820–21; doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(04)15699-7.
18. A. Frances, The Autism Generation, Project Syndicate, July 19, 2011; http://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/the-autism-generation (accessed September 19, 2012).
19. M. Ghaziuddin, “Should the DSM V drop Asperger syndrome?” J Autism Dev Disord 40 (2010): 1146–48.
Saving Normal : An Insider's Revolt Against Out-of-control Psychiatric Diagnosis, Dsm-5, Big Pharma, and the Medicalization of Ordinary Life (9780062229274) Page 31