by Joshua Zeitz
Hay and, 323, 324, 325, 330–32, 334
and Spanish-American War, 328–30
McNamar, John (John McNeil), 238–40
Madison, James, 91
Madrid, Hay in, 187–88
Mahan, Alfred Thayer, 327
Manassas, 101, 103
Manifest Destiny, 28, 30–31, 39
masculinity, late-nineteenth-century cult of, 326–27
Masters, Edgar Lee, 304
Matteson, Joel, 40
Meade, George, 135
Meigs, Montgomery, 166
Mexico, 24–25, 176–77
Milwaukee fugitive slave arrest, resistance to, 38
Mineral Land Act, 218
mining, 218
strikes of 1870s, 221, 222
Minkins, Shadrach, 26
Minnesota, Sioux rebellion of 1862 and Nicolay’s visit, 127–29
Missouri
border ruffians, 41
Frémont’s emancipation order, 102–3
Missouri Compromise, 25, 31, 38, 47, 73
Missouri Republican, 122
Napoleon III, 174, 176–77, 179–80
Nast, Thomas, 216
Nation, 216–17, 220
Nebraska, 216
Kansas-Nebraska Act and its influence, 31–32, 38, 39–42, 50
New England Emigrant Aid Company, 41
New Hampshire, Hay and Nicolay in, 190, 191, 320, 321
New Orleans, Union capture of, 111
newspapers, 35–37, 50
Hay’s postwar journalism, 193–96, 205, 219, 250, 254–55
Hay’s wartime journalism, 115–17, 122
influential Republican papers, 102
Lincoln-Douglas debate coverage, 54
Lincoln’s wartime suppression of, 123
Nicolay at Pike County Free Press, 35, 37–39, 41, 43, 46, 53
Nicolay’s post–Civil War newspaper endeavors and journalism, 191–92
See also specific newspapers
New York City
1863 draft riots, 135–36, 217
Lincoln’s funeral cortege in, 168
Nicolay’s missions to, 153–54
political corruption in, 216
New York Herald, 152
New York Times, 89, 102, 191–92, 208, 235, 237
New-York Tribune, 155
Hay at, 193–96, 205, 210, 219, 250, 254–55
See also Greeley, Horace
New York World, 145
Nicolay, Helen (Nicolay’s daughter), 295, 319–20
birth and childhood, 175, 176, 177–78, 190–91
on her father’s life and character, 34, 37, 188
later years, 320–21, 335–36
Nicolay, Helena, 33, 34
Nicolay, John George “George”
—BACKGROUND AND EARLY LIFE, 33–45
boyhood and education, 33–35
Hatch clerkship, 46–47, 50
journalism, 37–39, 41, 43, 46, 50–51
meeting and early association with Hay, 13, 22, 35, 59
meeting and early contact with Lincoln, 44, 45, 46–47
personal qualities, 59, 78
at Pike County Free Press, 35, 37–39, 41, 43, 46, 53
political views, 8, 37–39, 43, 44
relationship with Therena Bates, 37, 59–60
Republican Party involvement, 44, 46–47, 50, 52–54, 57, 59
—LINCOLN YEARS, 173–230
biography plans, 247
at 1860 campaign and election, 60–62, 69
1861 journey to Washington and inauguration, 76, 77, 78, 79, 82
Gettysburg Address, 141–42, 143, 144–46, 294
health, 125–26, 164
Kansas farm purchase, 190
Lincoln’s death, 166–68
at Lincoln’s “lost speech,” 44–45
organization and removal of Lincoln’s papers, 168–69, 231–32
personal qualities, 2–3, 91–92, 174
photograph of, 140
political connections, 96–97
political missions and other trips out of Washington, 102–3, 126–29, 136, 153–54, 164–65
political views, 8, 124
as presidential secretary, 90–95
relationship with Lincoln, 2, 3, 71, 91, 94–95, 96–97, 154, 155
relationship with Mary Todd Lincoln, 108–9, 161–62
relationship with Therena Bates, 126, 163
secretarial appointment and duties, 63, 68, 69–71, 85, 90–95
Washington social life, 96–97, 107
—POST–CIVIL WAR YEARS, 8, 253, 319–22. See also Abraham Lincoln: A History
death and transfer of Lincoln papers, 295, 305, 335–36
diplomatic appointment and years in Paris, 164–65, 174–78, 181, 185, 186
friendship with Hay, 213
health, 190, 252, 261
journalism and late historical writing, 191–92, 205, 286–87, 321–22
later possession of Lincoln papers, 304–5
marriage and daughter’s birth, 165, 169–70, 175
political connections, 191, 192
political views, 8, 187–88, 191–92, 203–4, 290–91, 294
relationship with Robert Todd Lincoln, 253–56
return to U.S. and search for employment, 190–93
Supreme Court marshal post, 192–93, 252, 305
Tarbell’s request for assistance, 305
travels, 319, 321
Nicolay, John Jacob (Nicolay’s father), 33–34
Nicolay, Therena Bates, 37, 59–60, 102, 126, 163, 190–91, 213
late years and death, 319–20
marriage and daughter’s birth, 165, 169–70, 175
Paris years, 175–76, 177–78, 186
North American Review, 232
Norton, Charles Eliot, 232
O’Connor, William, 19
Ohio
Ashtabula Creek bridge accident, 212, 223
1863 elections in, 146–47
as Hay’s residence, 205–6, 211, 322–23
Oldroyd, Osborn, 304
Olmstead, Charles, 265
Olustee, 151
Open Door note, 325
organized labor, 220, 221–24, 326
Hay’s novel about, 224–25
O’Sullivan, John L., 30–31
Outbreak of Rebellion, The (Nicolay), 286–87
Owsley, Frank L., 309
Pacific Railroad Act, 215
Page, Thomas Nelson, 265–66, 268, 269
Palmer, John, 249
Panama and Panama Canal, 325, 330
Paris, 174, 178–80
Hay in, 174, 176–77
Nicolay in, 174–78, 181, 185, 186
Nicolay’s appointment to, 164–65
Parker, Theodore, 26, 27
Parkman, Francis, 220
Pendel, Thomas, 166
Peninsula Campaign, 112–13, 296, 297–98
Pennington, Joel, 34–35
Pennsylvania, 1863 elections in, 146
See also Gettysburg
Perry, Nora, 18
Philippines, 325, 328, 329–30
Phillips, Wendell, 27
Pierce, Franklin, 26
Pike County Ballads (Hay), 196–99, 201
Pike County Free Press, 35, 37–39, 41, 43, 46, 50, 53
“Plain Language from Truthful James” (Harte), 199
Poe, Edgar Allan, 18
political corruption, 216, 217, 218–20
political patronage, 89–90, 147, 153, 154, 190, 192–93
Political Record of Stephen A. Douglas, The (Nicolay), 52–
53
politics. See antislavery politics, before Civil War; Reconstruction; specific legislation, political parties, and politicians
Polk, James, 232
Pope, John, 103, 127
popular sovereignty, 31, 47–49, 56
See also Compromise of 1850; Dred Scott decision; Kansas-Nebraska Act and its aftermath; Missouri Compromise
postal service, 35–36
presidential secretaries, 90–91, 206, 210
Hay and Nicolay as, 90–95
staffing changes after Lincoln’s reelection, 162–65
press. See newspapers
Providence, Hay in, 11–12, 14–20
Providence Journal, 62, 66, 75, 81
Pryor, Sara, 265
Puerto Rico, 325, 328, 329
race relations and racial equality
after Civil War’s end, 182, 214, 294
after emancipation, 132–36
Hay’s literary explorations, 199–203
Hay’s views, 23, 115–18, 132–35, 152–53, 183, 203–4, 294
and Lincoln-Douglas Senate campaign rhetoric, 51–52
Nicolay’s views, 37–39, 43, 44, 203–4, 290–91, 294
race relations and racial equality (cont.)
in twentieth century, 310, 311, 312–13
See also African Americans; civil rights of African Americans; Reconstruction; slavery
railroad industry, 215–17, 218
strikes of 1870s, 221–22
Randall, James G., 306–7, 310–12, 338–39
Raymond, Henry, 154, 235
Reconstruction, 182–84, 199, 201, 264, 312
later views of, 311
Nicolay’s views, 191–92
Reid, Whitelaw, 193, 194, 195, 196, 207, 210, 219, 327
“Remarks of Sergeant Tilmon Joy” (Hay), 199–201
Republican Party
in aftermath of Civil War, 182–83, 215, 216, 217, 218–19
economic viewpoint, 216–18, 220–21, 222, 223
1856 elections, 44, 46
1858 elections, 55–56
1860 national convention, 60–63, 259
1860 presidential campaign, 57, 65, 66–67
1862 elections, 123
1863 elections, 146
1864 elections, 157–58
1864 national convention, 154
founding and tenets of, 8, 32, 39, 43–44, 334–35
Frémont’s Missouri emancipation order and, 102
Hay’s later support for, 213, 323–24, 334
in Illinois, 43–44, 46, 49, 50, 55–56, 67
Lincoln and radical wing, 5–6, 119, 138, 154, 156, 292, 311, 314
patronage, 89–90
secessionist threat and, 72–73
See also antislavery politics, before Civil War; specific Republican politicians
Rhodes, James Ford, 302, 307
Richmond, Virginia, 111, 112–13, 263, 297–98
Ridgely, Anna, 16, 58, 59, 168
Ridgely, Mary, 58, 68
Ridgely, Nicholas, 58
Rockefeller, John D., 204, 215
Romaine, Ernest, 119
Roosevelt, Franklin, 91
Roosevelt, Theodore, Jr., 91, 168, 325, 327, 328, 330
as president, 332–35
Roosevelt, Theodore, Sr., 328
Rutledge, Ann, 238–40, 242, 284, 304
Saint-Gaudens, Augustus, 302
Sandburg, Carl, 159, 306–7, 338, 339
Saunders, William, 140
Saving Private Ryan, 159
Schurz, Carl, 55, 217
Scott, Dred, 47
Dred Scott decision, 47–48, 52–53, 290–91
Scott, Winfield, 273
Scribner’s, 246, 250–51, 268, 270
“Second American Revolution,” 308
Seward, Frederick, 96, 207
Seward, William Henry, 41
death and Adams’s eulogy, 248, 250, 251
1856 presidential aspirations, 57, 61
in Gettysburg, 140, 142, 143, 144
and Hay and Nicolay, 96, 181, 185, 186, 190
on inevitability of North-South conflict, 307
as Johnson’s secretary of state, 181, 183, 185, 186
after Lincoln’s death, 181, 183, 185, 186, 190
and Lincoln’s emancipation decision, 114, 115, 292
and Lincoln’s first inaugural address, 279
as Lincoln’s secretary of state, 89, 101, 104, 279, 298
McClellan’s opinion of, 104
in Nicolay-Hay biography, 279
political ties, 89, 153, 173
on slavery and African American rights, 28, 29, 41
Shaw, Robert Gould, 328
Sherman, John, 324, 325
Sherman, William Tecumseh, 156, 269
Shields, James, 39, 40
Shiloh, Battle of, 111, 112
Six Months at the White House (Carpenter), 235
slavery
in debates over Civil War’s causes, 262–63, 265–66, 288–92, 307–10, 313–14
economic critiques of, 8, 27–30, 39, 116, 217–18
Fugitive Slave Act, 23, 26–27, 28, 73, 290
Lincoln’s views, 28, 51–52, 56–57, 73, 289–90
literary portrayals of, 265–66
moral opposition to, 27, 28, 53–54, 56, 113–14, 266, 289
in Nicolay-Hay biography, 288–91, 293
Southern views of, 29–30
twentieth-century scholarly views, 309, 310
See also abolitionism; antislavery politics, before Civil War; emancipation; popular sovereignty
slave trade, 25, 144
Smalls, Robert, 132
Smith, Roswell, 267–68
Sons of Confederate Veterans, 263, 264
South, after Civil War, 182, 183–84, 222, 312–13, 314
Jim Crow and twentieth-century civil rights movement, 312–13, 314
North-South reconciliation, 7, 264–65, 268–70, 271–72, 286–88
See also Reconstruction
South Carolina
Hay in, 129, 130–34
Nicolay on, 286
secession, 72, 73–74
Southern literature, 265–66, 268–69, 308
Spain, Hay in, 187–88
Spanish-American War, 325, 327–30
Spears, George, 236
Speed, James, 141–42
spiritualism, 110
Sprague, Kate Chase, 161–62
Sprague, William, 161
Springfield, Illinois
Hay and Nicolay’s association, 22
Hay on 1860 Republican rally, 66
Hay’s education and early career in, 13–14, 20–22
Lincoln’s burial in, 168
Lincoln’s farewell speech (1861), 76–77
and Lincoln’s first presidential nomination, 62–63
Lincoln’s reputation in, 21–22
Nicolays’ farm near, 190–91
See also Illinois
Springfield Republican, 234
Stanton, Edwin, 114, 123, 166, 168, 170, 259
states’ rights
in debate over Civil War’s causes, 6, 262, 288
Republican politics and, 71–72, 183
See also Dred Scott decision; popular sovereignty
Stevens, Thaddeus, 27, 29, 168, 182, 292, 311
Stoddard, William, 2–3, 92, 96, 162, 271, 322
Stone, Amasa, 204–5, 211, 212, 223, 224
Stone, Clara. See Hay, Clara Stone
Stone, Dan, 290
Stone, Julia, 204
Stone, William Leete, 14, 58
Stowe, Harriet Beecher, Uncle Tom’s Cabin, 266
strikes, 221–22, 223–24
Hay’s novel about, 224–25
Strong, George Templeton, 113
Stuart, John Todd, 249
Sumner, Charles, 27, 73, 166, 182, 314
“Bleeding Sumner” episode, 42–43
after Civil War, 218
in Nicolay-Hay biography, 292
opinion of Lincoln, 5
Swett, Leonard, 249
Tammany Hall, 216
Taney, Roger, 47, 52, 82, 290–91
Tarbell, Ida, 305–6
Tennessee, Union occupation of, 111
Ten Percent Plan, 147–48
Thomson, John D., 13, 35
Ticknor, George, 214
Tilden, Samuel, 219
Timber Culture Act, 218
Tocqueville, Alexis de, 35–36
Trist, Nicholas, 91
Trumbull, Julia, 40
Trumbull, Lyman, 40, 57, 68, 97, 219, 249
Tumulty, Joseph, 91
Turner, Frederick Jackson, 326
Twain, Mark, 198–99, 203, 209, 269, 303
Tweed, William M., 216
Uncle Tom’s Cabin (Stowe), 266
Union army
April 1865 grand review, 169
black soldiers in, 132, 134–35, 149, 151, 152, 168, 293
Blue and Gray reunions, 265
1863 New York draft riots, 135–36, 217
Lincoln’s court martial reviews, 137
soldiers in Washington, D.C., 98–100, 101, 109
soldier vote in Lincoln’s reelection, 158
Union Pacific Railroad, 216
United Confederate Veterans, 263–64
United Daughters of the Confederacy, 263, 264
U.S. Postal Service, 35–36
USS Maine, 325, 329
U.S. Supreme Court
Dred Scott decision, 47–48, 52–53, 290–91
Nicolay’s post as marshal to, 192–93, 252, 305
Vallandigham, Clement, 146, 147, 226
Vicksburg, 112, 135, 146
Victoria, Queen, 110, 324
Vienna, Hay in, 184–86
Villard, Henry, 74
Wadsworth, Alice Hay, 206, 295, 325
Washburne, Elihu, 74
Washington, D.C.
abolition in, 113
during Civil War, 85–87, 97, 98–100, 107–8, 126
Hay and Adams mansions, 211–12
Willard’s Hotel, 80–81, 82, 97
See also White House
Washington, George, 91
Watt, John, 108
Weed, Thurlow, 89, 153, 154, 173, 174
Weik, Jesse, 303
Welles, Gideon, 96–97, 104, 110, 121, 166, 250
and emancipation decision, 114, 115, 292
West
Hay’s relationship to, 282–83
late-nineteenth-century views of, 326, 327