24. W. H. Lawrence, “M’Carthy, Wilson in Accord on Reds,” The New York Times, March 11, 1954; Ewald, Who Killed Joe McCarthy?, 252–53.
25. Roy Cohn, McCarthy (New York: New American Library, 1968), 124; Sidney Zion, The Autobiography of Roy Cohn (Secaucus, NJ: Lyle Stuart, 1988), 121.
26. Hagerty diary, March 10, 1954, JHP, B1; Ewald, Who Killed Joe McCarthy?, 253.
27. Cohn, McCarthy, 124; Zion, The Autobiography of Roy Cohn, 121.
28. Gellman, The President and the Apprentice, 112.
29. “McCarthy Aide Ordered to Guard Duty at Kilmer,” The New York Times, March 11, 1954.
30. Anthony Leviero, “President Implies M’Carthy Is Peril to Unity of G. O. P,” “Straws in the Wind,” and “Highlights of News Parley,” The New York Times, March 11, 1954. “M’Carthy Gives Hug to Critical Senator,” The New York Times, March 11, 1954.
31. J. Adams to Stevens, March 11, 1954, FASP, Eyes Only, B4, Lucas (2); Ewald, Who Killed Joe McCarthy?, 253–54.
32. McCarthy to Seaton, March 11, 1954, FASP, Eyes Only, B4, McCarthy (2); Ewald, Who Killed Joe McCarthy?, 254–55.
33. Stevens to Lehrbas, March 11, 1954, FASP, Eyes Only, B4, Lucas (2), and B9, Phone Notes, Secretary of the Army (18); Ewald, Who Killed Joe McCarthy?, 255–56.
34. Stevens to Seaton, March 11, 1954, FASP, Eyes Only, B4, Lucas (2), and B9, Phone Notes, Secretary of the Army (18); Ewald, Who Killed Joe McCarthy?, 256.
35. Seaton to Stevens, March 11, 1954, FASP, Eyes Only, B9, Phone Notes, Secretary of the Army (18); White House (unnamed contact) to Stevens, FASP, Eyes Only, B9, Phone Notes, Secretary of the Army (18); Ewald, Who Killed Joe McCarthy?, 256.
36. Stevens to Hensel, March 11, 1954, FASP, Eyes Only, B4, Lucas (2), and B9, Phone Notes, Secretary of the Army (18).
37. Hagerty diary, March 11, 1954, JHP, B1 (2); Ewald, Who Killed Joe McCarthy?, 256.
38. Greenstein, The Hidden-Hand Presidency, 198; Greenstein did not have access to Fred Seaton’s “Eyes Only” collection of documents; Dwight D. Eisenhower, The White House Years: Mandate for Change (Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1963), 396.
39. Schedule for Delivery (not so labeled), March 11, 1954, FASP, Eyes Only, B4, McCarthy (4). John Adams recalled incorrectly that the report was delivered by midafternoon, confirming that Seaton, not Adams, was in charge of distribution. The army counsel recalled that his office was “overrun with reporters seeking copies of this precious document,” which he was able to share. Adams said to a colleague, now that the report was out, that “when it’s all over, I’ll be lying flat on the floor;” J. Adams, Without Precedent, 143.
40. The attendees at the dinner are listed in the President’s Appt. Schedule for March 11, 1954, Miller Center online Dwight D. Eisenhower Appointment Schedule.
CHAPTER 11: “A WAR OF MANEUVER”
1. Hagerty diary, March 12, 1954, JHP, B1 (2).
2. “Senator Attacks,” The New York Times, March 12, 1954; “Text of Army Report Charging Threats,” The New York Times, March 12, 1954; “Stevens a Target,” The New York Times, March 12, 1954.
3. “Schine Is Getting Rugged Training,” The New York Times, March 12, 1954.
4. Knowland to DDE & Kyes to Knowland, DDE diary, March 12, 1954, B5, Phone Calls (2).
5. Hagerty diary, March 12, 1954, JHP, B1 (2).
6. Stevens to Hensel, 2 calls, March 12, 1954, FASP, Eyes Only, B4, Lucas (2); Wire Service Report, March 12, 1954, FASP, Eyes Only, B4, McCarthy (6); W. H. Lawrence, “M’Carthy Charges Army ‘Blackmail,’ ” The New York Times, March 13, 1954.
7. William Bragg Ewald, Jr., Who Killed Joe McCarthy? (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1984), 369–70.
8. Thomas C. Reeves, The Life and Times of Joe McCarthy (New York: Stein & Day, 1982), 576; “Text of Memoranda Issued by McCarthy,” The New York Times, March 13, 1954; Ewald, Who Killed Joe McCarthy?, 262–68, provides a detailed summary of the content of all eleven memoranda.
9. Wire service report, March 12, 1954, FASP, Eyes Only, B4, Lucas (2).
10. Stevens to Hensel, March 13, 1954, FASP, Eyes Only, B5, Rhodes.
11. Stevens, telegram to McCarthy, March 13, 1954, Sherman Adams Papers, B10, McCarthy Hearings—Memoranda (5), Dartmouth; “Text of Stevens-McCarthy Exchange” and “Stevens in Attack,” The New York Times, March 14, 1954.
12. Hagerty diary, March 10, 1954, JHP, B1 (2); DDE to Robinson, Mar. 12, 1954, DDEP, no. 773.
13. Richard M. Nixon, RN: The Memoirs of Richard Nixon (New York: Grosset & Dunlap, 1978), 145–46; Irwin F. Gellman, The President and the Apprentice: Eisenhower and Nixon, 1952–1961 (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2015), 113–15.
14. “Text of Nixon Reply to Stevenson” and W. H. Lawrence, “Nixon Says ‘Questionable Methods’ and ‘Reckless Talk,’ ” The New York Times, March 14, 1954.
15. “McCarthy Says He’ll Get Rough,” “M’Carthy Gets Right to Murrow TV Time,” and “Murrow Time Offer for M’Carthy Alone,” The New York Times, March 14–15, 1954; James Reston, “Washington,” The New York Times, March 14, 1954; W. H. Lawrence, “M’Carthy on Defensive,” The New York Times, March 14, 1954; “Some Moving Fingers Write,” The New York Times, March 14, 1954.
16. Roy Cohn, McCarthy (New York: New American Library, 1968), 128–29; Clayton Knowles, “Cohn Again Denies He Asked Favors,” The New York Times, March 15, 1954.
17. “Random Notes from Washington,” The New York Times, March 15, 1954; Adams to Hensel, FASP, Eyes Only, B5, Rebuttal to McCarthy.
18. Stevens to Hensel, March 15, 1954, FASP, Eyes Only, B4, Lucas (2).
19. Ewald, Who Killed Joe McCarthy?, 283.
20. Stevens to Hensel, March 15, 1954, FASP, Eyes Only, B4, Lucas (2); John G. Adams, Without Precedent: The Story of the Death of McCarthyism (New York: Norton, 1983), 152.
21. W. H. Lawrence, “M’Carthy Refuses to Speed Inquiry,” The New York Times, March 16, 1954; J. Adams, Without Precedent, 153; “The Senate Inquiry,” The New York Times, March 17, 1954.
22. W. H. Lawrence, “Mundt Will Direct Senate Unit Study,” The New York Times, March 17, 1954; Ewald, Who Killed Joe McCarthy?, 284; Cohn, McCarthy, 131–32.
23. Hagerty diary, May 11–12, 1954, during the Army-McCarthy hearings, JHP, B1; Ewald, Who Killed Joe McCarthy?, 284.
24. W. H. Lawrence, “Mundt Will Direct Senate Unit Study,” The New York Times, March 17, 1954; Streibert to McCarthy, March 8, 1954, Sherman Adams Papers, B10, McCarthy Controversy (3), Dartmouth; Hagerty diary, March 14, 1954, JHP, B1 (2); “M’Carthy Books Barred,” The New York Times, March 17, 1954.
25. “2 Draft Delays for Cohn Recited,” The New York Times, March 20, 1954.
26. News Conference, March 17, 1954, PPP; C. P. Trussell, “President Voices Faith in Stevens;” The New York Times, March 18, 1954.
27. Joseph Alsop, “McCarthy-Cohn-Schine Tale Was Half-Told,” The Washington Post, March 15, 1954; Stevens to Hensel, March 15, 1954, FASP, Eyes Only, B4, Lucas (2).
28. J. Adams, Without Precedent, 147, 204.
29. Symington to Seaton, March 17, 1954, FASP, Eyes Only, B4, McCarthy (2).
30. “Random Notes from Washington,” The New York Times, March 22, 1954.
31. Jackson Log, March 20, 1954, CDJP, B68 (2); Jackson lists this conversation as taking place on Wednesday,” but it was actually Thursday, March 18; DDE diary, March 18, 1954, B5, Phone Calls (2), DDEPL.
32. Jackson Log, March 20, 1954, CDJP, B68 (2); DDE diary, March 20, 1954, B5, Phone Calls (2).
33. “Wants Senator Step Down,” The New York Times, March 23, 1954; W. H. Lawrence, “M’Carthy Battles to Retain Power to Cross-Examine,” The New York Times, March 23, 1954; “The M’Carthy Inquiry,” The New York Times, March 24, 1954.
34. Hagerty diary, March 24, 1954, JHP, B1 (2); Jackson log, March 24, 1954, CDJP, B68 (2); Hagerty’s typed original entry quotes Eisenhower as saying that “the leadership can duck that responsibility,” but the context makes it clear that he intended to write “cannot.�
� Hagerty’s tiny handwriting was difficult to read, perhaps resulting in a transcriber’s error.
35. DDE, News Conference, March 24, 1954, PPP; W. H. Lawrence, “President Opposes M’Carthy as Judge in His Own Dispute,” and Anthony Leviero, “President to Keep F.B.I. Files Secret,” The New York Times, March 25, 1954.
36. Hazlett to DDE, March 25, 1954, Name Series, B18, Hazlett 1954 (2), DDEPL.
37. Milton Eisenhower to DDE, n.d. (approx. Apr. 1, 1954), DDE diary, B6 (3), DDEPL.
38. Hagerty diary, Feb. 24, 1954, JHP, B1.
39. Hagerty diary, March 25, 1954, JHP, B1 (2); W. H. Lawrence, “All, Including McCarthy, Deny ‘a Settlement by Resignations,’ ” The New York Times, March 26, 1954; “Mundt Supports M’Carthy Stand,” The New York Times, March 28, 1954; “The Nation,” The New York Times, March 28, 1954.
40. Roscoe Drummond, “A New ‘Mess’ in Washington?,” New York Herald Tribune, March 26, 1954, in ACW diary, B1 (1), DDEPL; “Hall Says M’Carthy ‘Has Done Harm,’ ” The New York Times, March 27, 1954.
41. C. P. Trussell, “Senate’s Inquiry on M’Carthy Bogs,” The New York Times, March 20, 1954; Trussell, “Bar Head Rejects post of Counsel,” The New York Times, March 23, 1954; Trussell, “M’Carthy Inquiry Bogged on Counsel,” The New York Times, March 30, 1954; William R. Conklin, “M’Carthy Seeking to Push Inquiries,” The New York Times, March 31, 1954.
42. Warren Olney III to Hensel, Apr. 7, 1954, FASP, Eyes Only, B4; “ ‘Barefaced Lies,’ Hensel Declares,” The New York Times, Apr. 21, 1954.
43. Dewey to JFD, March 31, 1954, and JFD to Brownell, Apr. 1, 1954, JFDP, Tel. Call Series, B2 (2).
44. Ewald, Who Killed Joe McCarthy?, 297–302.
CHAPTER 12: COUNTDOWN
1. William Bragg Ewald, Jr., Who Killed Joe McCarthy? (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1984), 300; Roy Cohn, McCarthy (New York: New American Library, 1968), 132.
2. Ewald, Who Killed Joe McCarthy?, 298–302.
3. Brownell, letter to Duane W. Krohnke, Aug. 13, 1986, provided to the author by Krohnke, Apr. 18, 2013; handwritten note, n.d., Sherman Adams Papers, B10 (5), McCarthy Hearings—Memoranda, C, Dartmouth.
4. Fred Fisher, memorandum, dictated June 10, 1954, provided to the author by Duane Krohnke, Apr. 18, 2013; Fisher gave a copy to Mr. Krohnke in 1983 when he visited the Hale & Dorr Law Firm, Boston; David M. Oshinsky used a portion of the Fisher narrative in A Conspiracy So Immense: The World of Joe McCarthy (New York: Oxford University Press, 2005), 457–58; Ewald, Who Killed Joe McCarthy?, 301.
5. C. P. Trussell, “Man Who Praised McCarthy Chosen Counsel” and “Sears, New Counsel for Inquiry, Backed McCarthy in 1952 Race,” The New York Times, April 2, 1954; “McCarthy’s Wife Named in Debate Role,” The Washington Post, Apr. 6, 1954; Statement by Sec. of Defense, Apr. 2, 1954, Sherman Adams Papers, B10 (5), McCarthy Hearings—Memoranda, Darthouth College; C. P. Trussell, “Inquiry Counsel Named by Army,” The New York Times, April 3, 1954; “Mundt Envisages Case for Perjury” and Foster, Article I—No Title, The New York Times, Apr. 5, 1954.
6. Fisher memorandum, May 20, 1963; Hagerty diary, April 2, 1954, JHP, B1(2); Ewald, Who Killed Joe McCarthy?, 301–2.
7. “M’Carthy Arrives at the Crossroad,” The New York Times, Apr. 4, 1954; The Gallup Poll: Public Opinion 1935–1971, ed. William P. Hansen and Fred L. Israel, vol. 2, 1949–1958 (New York: Random House, 1972); “Schine Rejected,” The New York Times, Apr. 3, 1954.
8. Hagerty diary, March 27, 1954, JHP, B1 (2); DDE to Brownell, March 23, 1954, ACW diary, B1 (2), DDEPL; Lester Markel, in “Report from ‘Foggy Bottom,’ ” The New York Times Magazine, March 28, 1954, identified “two great fears: the fear of depression and the fear of communism.”
9. Hagerty diary, April 2, 1954, JHP, B1; DDE, notes for speech, DDE diary, April 3, 1954, B6, (3), DDEPL.
10. Legislative Supplementary Notes, Apr. 5, 1954, DDE diary Series, B4, Staff Notes, DDEPL; Hagerty diary, Apr. 5, 1954, JHP, B1 (2); Shanley diary, BSP, B2, VI (5), 1500–01.
11. “Television in Review,” Apr. 6, 1954, ACW diary, B2 (3), DDEPL.
12. Eisenhower Radio and TV Address, Apr. 5, 1954, PPP.
13. Hagerty diary, Apr. 6, 1954, JHP, B1 (2); DDE diary, Apr. 6, 1954, B5, Phone Calls (2), DDEPL.
14. Peter Kihss, “H-Bomb Held Back,” The New York Times, Apr. 7, 1954; A. M. Sperber, Murrow: His Life and Times (New York: Fordham University Press, 1999), 448–53.
15. DDE, News Conference, Apr. 7, 1954, PPP; Elie Abel, “Eisenhower Sees No Need to Build a Larger H-bomb,” and “Eisenhower Declares Murrow Is His Friend,” The New York Times, Apr. 7, 1954; Sperber, Murrow, 453; Hagerty diary, Apr. 7, 1954, JHP, B1 (2).
16. “Drama Explodes Where Jenkins Is,” The New York Times, Apr. 11, 1954; W. H. Lawrence, “Tennessean Gets Post of Counsel,” The New York Times, Apr. 8, 1954; Ewald, Who Killed Joe McCarthy?, 303–4.
17. Hagerty diary, Apr. 8, 1954, JHP, B1 (2).
18. Brownell, Report to the Nation, “The Fight Against Communism,” broadcast Apr. 9, 1954, Gerald D. Morgan Papers, B2 (Communism—Legislation), DDEPL; Hagerty diary, Apr. 8, 1954, JHP, B1 (2); “The Communist Conspiracy,” The New York Times, Apr. 10, 1954.
19. Hagerty diary, Apr. 8 and 9, 1954, JHP, B1 (2).
20. Hagerty diary, Apr. 9 and 10, 1954, JHP, B1 (2); “McCarthy on H-Bomb,” The New York Times, Apr. 10, 1954.
21. Hagerty diary, Apr. 11, 1954, JHP, B1 (2).
22. Hagerty diary, Apr. 13, 1954, JHP, B1; “Dr. Oppeneimer Suspended,” The New York Times, Apr. 13, 1954.
23. Hagerty diary, Apr. 13, 1954, JHP, B1.
24. “Oppenheimer Action Late, M’Carthy Says,” The New York Times, Apr. 14, 1954.
25. “M’Carthy Queried on Political Aims,” The New York Times, Apr. 10, 1954.
26. W. H. Lawrence, “M’Carthy Gains Delay in Inquiry,” The New York Times, Apr. 10, 1954; “Mundt Will Limit M’Carthy Inquiry,” The New York Times, Apr. 11, 1954.
27. W. H. Lawrence, “Mundt Requests Inquiry Previews,” The New York Times, Apr. 13, 1954; “Mundt Envisages Case for Perjury” and Foster, Article I—No Title, The New York Times, Apr. 5, 1954.
28. “The ‘Ground Rules’ ” and W. H. Lawrence, “Army Bolsters Its Charges,” The New York Times, Apr. 15, 1954; “Text of Army Bill of Particulars,” The New York Times, Apr. 16, 1954; Ewald, Who Killed Joe McCarthy?, 307–8.
29. Welch to Stevens, Apr. 16, 1954, Phone Notes, Secretary of the Army (21), FASP, Eyes Only, B9; W. H. Lawrence, “M’Carthy to Shun Inquiry” and “McCarthy Accuses Symington,” The New York Times, Apr. 16, 1954.
30. The report on Cohn’s letter is found at the end of “Text of Army Bill of Particulars,” The New York Times, Apr. 16, 1954.
31. “M’Carthy Pressed by Mundt to Quit Inquiry Entirely,” The New York Times, Apr. 17, 1954; “McCarthy Is Vague,” The New York Times, Apr. 17, 1954; Ewald, Who Killed Joe McCarthy?, 309.
32. “Mundt to Meet McCarthy Today,” The New York Times, Apr. 19, 1954; “McCarthy Reported Willing to Limit His Inquiry Role,” The New York Times, Apr. 20, 1954.
33. “Texts of McCarthy 46-Point Charges and Hensel Reply,” The New York Times, Apr. 21, 1954; “M’Carthy in Reply Says Defense Aide Profited in War,” The New York Times, Apr. 21, 1954; Ewald, Who Killed Joe McCarthy?, 309–10.
34. Hensel Statement, Apr. 20, 1954; George J. Gould to JEH, Apr. 21, 1954; Memorandum, Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense, possibly to Sherman Adams, Adams Papers, all in B10 (5), McCarthy Hearings—Memoranda, Dartmouth; “ ‘Barefaced Lies,’ Hensel Declares,” The New York Times, Apr. 21, 1954.
35. Shanley diary, Apr. 21, 1954, BSP, B2, VI (5) 1514; Hensel to Welch, Apr. 21, 1954, Phone Notes, Secretary of the Army (21), FASP, Eyes Only, B9; Ewald, Who Killed Joe McCarthy?, 312; George Gallup, “Majority Supports Stevens,” The Washington Post, Apr. 21, 1954.
36. “McCarthy-Army Hearing Rules,” The New York Times, Apr. 21, 1954.
37. John G. Adams, W
ithout Precedent: The Story of the Death of McCarthyism (New York: Norton, 1983), 161–62; Ewald, Who Killed Joe McCarthy?, 313–16, provides additional detail on the scene, the dress of the principals, and so on.
CHAPTER 13: THE EISENHOWER-MCCARTHY HEARINGS
1. Thomas C. Reeves, The Life and Times of Joe McCarthy (New York: Stein & Day, 1982), 596; “Hearing Room Is like Circus,” The New York Times, Apr. 23, 1954.
2. Karl E. Mundt, unpublished manuscript, p. 11, Dakota State College, Madison, SD.
3. Sidney Zion, The Autobiography of Roy Cohn (Secaucus, NJ: Lyle Stuart, 1988), 127.
4. John G. Adams, Without Precedent: The Story of the Death of McCarthyism (New York: Norton, 1983), 206.
5. Ibid., 162–63; Hearings (Army-McCarthy) Before the Special Subcommittee on Investigations of the Committee on Government Operations, 83rd Congress, pt. 1, Apr. 22, 1954, 27–30.
6. James Reston, “McCarthy Changes Plan,” The New York Times, Apr. 23, 1954; David M. Oshinsky, A Conspiracy So Immense: The World of Joe McCarthy (New York: Oxford University Press, 1983, 2005), 418; Army-McCarthy Hearings Transcript, Subcommittee on Investigations, pt. 1, Apr. 22, 1954, 31.
7. Colegrove, “For a Moment Bob Stevens Was the U. S. Army,” probably April 23, 1954, New York Herald Tribune, Gruenther Records, B6, McCarthy News Clippings (2), DDEPL; The Gruenther copy bears the stamped date of April 21, inaccurate since that was the day prior to the first day of hearings; J. Adams, Without Precedent, 164; Army-McCarthy Hearings Transcript, Subcommittee on Investigations, pt. 1, Apr. 22, 1954, 81–82.
8. W. H. Lawrence, “Stevens Swears M’Carthy Falsified,” The New York Times, Apr. 23, 1954; Reeves, The Life and Times of Joe McCarthy, 598; Stevens Testimony, Army-McCarthy Hearings Transcript, Subcommittee on Investigations, pt. 1, Apr. 22, 1954, 79–83, 89–98.
9. Joseph and Stewart Alsop, “The Seventh Principal,” The Washington Post, Apr. 26, 1954; President’s Appointment Schedule, April 22, 1954, Miller Center online.
10. DDE, Speech to American Newspaper Publishers Association, Apr. 22, 1954, PPP.
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