Alan Turing: The Enigma: The Book That Inspired the Film The Imitation Game
Page 92
Higher School Certificate 49–50, 67
Hilbert, David 78, 150, 317, 411, 595, 654
Entscheidungsproblem (decision problem) 137, 141–5, 159, 169, 267, 368, 470
Hilbert programme 116–33, 140, 156, 158, 171, 173, 267
Hilbert space 103–7
Methoden der Mathematischen Physik 111
Hilton, Peter 286, 287, 292, 294, 303, 519
Himmler, Heinrich 320
Hindenburg 163
Hinsley, Francis Harry xxii
Hiscocks, E. S. 422, 447
History Boys, The xxv
Hitler, Adolf 111, 115, 116, 140, 190, 201, 244, 281, 362, 391, 660
hockey 16, 154, 163, 180
Hodge, W. V. D. 429
Hodges, Andrew xii–xiii
Hodgkin, Dorothy 516
Hofstadter, Douglas xi–xiii, 679
Hogben, Lancelot 94, 153, 158, 381
Hogg, Peter 63, 68, 69, 74, 75, 76
Hollerith equipment 417
Hollymeade house, Cheshire 537–9
Holocaust 320
Home Guard 292–3, 643, 645
Homosexual in America, The 565
homosexuality see sexuality
Hooson, Emlyn 593
hormones 588–93, 598
hormone treatment xxiii, 595–7, 598, 612, 656–7
Hoskin, N. E. 554
Hotelling, Harold 432
How to Win Friends and Influence People 398
Hoyle, Fred 646
Huff Duff system 275, 282
Hughes, Howard
Hell’s Angels 74
Huskey, Harry D. 447, 459–60, 461, 468, 493, 512
Hutter, David 673
Huxley, Aldous
Brave New World 94, 554, 588, 633
hydra (worm) 547, 560
hydrodynamics 555
I
I. G. Farben 391
IBM 306, 376, 492
Iconoscope 404, 445, 520
Illustrated London News 511
imitation game 523, 525, 533
Immigration and Nationality Act (US) (1952) 597
index registers 495
India 4, 5–7, 8, 21–2, 33, 458, 465
1919 Montagu–Chelmsford Reforms 33
1947 independence 465
Anantapur 8
Bellary 5
Bezwada 8
Chatrapur 8
Chicacole 8
Coonoor 7, 606
Kashmir 7, 22
Kurnool 5, 8
Madras 6, 8, 14
Madras and Southern Mahratta Railway 6
North-West Frontier 4
Parvatipuram 8
Silent Punkah-Wheel 6
Tangabudra bridge 6
Vizigapatam 5, 8
Indian Army 4, 6
Indian Civil Service 5, 7, 11, 12, 21, 33
Industrial Chemist 443
information theory 517
Ingham, Albert Edward 80, 166, 169–70
theory of numbers 169–70
Inland Revenue 21
Institute for Advanced Study (IAS), Princeton 111, 148–9, 165, 183, 520
Institute of Electrical Engineers 434
Institution of Radio Engineers 436, 443
instruction tables xvii, 132, 158, 348, 379, 381, 406–12, 433, 437, 449–51, 453–4
intelligent machinery xviii, xx, 449–58, 474–86, 488–9, 508–11, 522–37, 540–1, 558–9, 567–9
Intelligent Machinery 474–86, 488–9, 541, 670
Internal Constitution of the Stars, The 52, 66
International Congress of Mathematicians (ICM) 78
International Congress of Musical Research 97
International Postal Union 209
Internet xvii, xviii
Introduction to Mathematical Philosophy 105, 110
inverse probability 246–8
inverse tangent function 34
iodine 51, 66
IQ tests 454, 455–6
Iran 469
Ireland 6, 320
Cork 87
County Clare 6
Donegal 69
Dublin 7, 317
Home Rule movement 8
Tipperary 6
Irvine, Lyn 499
Isle of Wight 465
Ismay, Hastings Lionel, 1st Baron Ismay 279
Italy 186, 187, 280
Enigma machine 222, 234
Italo-Ethiopian War 187
Ivory Soap 148
J
J. Lyons and Co. Ltd 73, 472
Jabberwocky 85, 112, 138, 383, 483, 521
Jane 351
Japan 7, 186, 187, 193, 297
Battle of Midway 296
Jeans, James 53, 66
Jefferson, Geoffrey 521, 527, 532, 552, 569, 572, 579, 591, 596, 669
The Mind of Mechanical Man 509–11
Jeffries, John 203, 204, 226, 229
Jerome, Jerome K.
Three Men in a Boat 42
Jesus 146
Jewish refugees in England 190–1, 200
John Lewis Partnership 249
Johnson, Neville 470, 499, 585, 618, 619, 634
Jones, Reginald Victor 224, 257, 494, 532
Jones, Will 173–4
Journal of Symbolic Logic 157, 159
Jowett, Frederick William 637
Judgment Day 173
Julius Caesar, Dictator of the Roman Republic 204
Jung, Carl Gustav 648, 605, 656
K
K-ray Lighting System 73, 146
Kaisar-i-Hind 63
Kant, Immanuel 173
Kashmir 7, 22
Keen, Harold ‘Doc’ 228, 286, 329, 336
Keen, Richard ‘Dick’ 341
Keller, Helen 529
Kendrick, A. M. 186, 245
Keynes, John Maynard xxvii, 91, 111, 121, 174, 388, 465, 629, 653, 660
Kilburn, T. 491, 493–4, 501
Kimelfort, Scotland 10
King Edward VI gold medal 76
King Solomon’s Mines 9
King, Ernest Joseph 297
King’s College, Cambridge xxvii, xxix, 74–5, 77–81, 90–3, 95–101, 110–11, 116, 121–2, 143, 182–3, 189, 234, 466–70, 667, 674, 675
Annual Report (AMT’s obituary) 667
air raid shelters 234
Anti-War movement 92–3, 112, 153–4, 642
communists 94, 139, 234
Hare and Hounds Club 469, 486
Massinger Society 96
moral autonomy 91–2, 264
Moral Science Club 110, 115, 172, 469
and sexuality 95–6, 98–101
Ten Club 96, 467
Kinsey, Alfred 577, 580–1, 586
Kirwan family 9
Kirwan, Evelyn 6, 7
Kjell 599–600, 608, 622, 634
Kleene, Stephen 142, 144, 149, 151, 169
Knoop, L. 70, 74
Knox, Dillwyn xxvii, 186, 192, 200, 203, 204, 234, 262, 336
Knutsford, Cheshire 593
Korean War 565
Krebs 249
Kristallnacht 190
Kubrick, Stanley 670
L
Labour Party 186, 243, 386, 389
Lake District 487
lambda-calculus xxxi, 142, 159, 164, 169, 504
Lancet 591
Land of Hope and Glory 15
Langevin, Paul 111
LaPlace, Pierre-Simon 83, 138, 265, 365, 522, 544
Lascaux Caves, France 499
Lauenburg 252
Laws, G. C. 76
Lay of the Turings 3–4
League of Nations 91
Lech, Austria 113
Lee, Mrs 351, 352
Lee, W. H. ‘Jumbo’ 341, 342, 434, 460
Leeds Housing Scheme 94
Lefschetz, Solomon 149, 150, 184
Lehmer, Derrick Henry 501
Leicester, England 539
Lend-Lease agreement 393
Lenin, Vladimir Ilyich 150
Levy, H. 509
Li
bya 292
Life Force 101, 525, 542
Lighthill, Michael James 559, 563, 600
Lind-Smith, G. 593
Lindeberg, Jarl Waldemar 113
Linolite electric lamp 73, 89
Lister Oration 509, 591
Littlewood, John Edensor 172
Liverpool, England 179–80, 197–8
Lives of the Saints 669
Lloyd George, David 95, 386
Lloyds Bank 63
Lockspeiser, Ben 494
Lofoten Islands, Norway 249
logarithms xxxi, 128, 170–1, 198, 247
logic, mathematical 110, 117, 151, 158–9, 182, 184, 193, 195, 230–1, 270–1, 385, 411, 420, 505, 539
logical control 363, 374, 377, 402, 404, 406, 412, 426, 492
London
Bethnal Green 94
Birkbeck College 495
Bushy Park 397
County Council Parks Committee 5
Cromer House 397, 398
Dollis Hill 285–6, 291, 299, 309, 348, 359, 364, 427, 435
Eastcote 486
Hampton Hill 397
Lyons Corner House 596
Royal Albert Hall 139
St Saviour’s Church 8
Science Museum 68, 139, 562
Slade School of Art 50
Teddington Hall 397
Warrington Lodge 8
Woolwich Arsenal 385
London Mathematical Society 121, 142, 143, 158, 169, 448
Loom of Youth, The 28, 36, 37, 38, 168, 577
Lorenz, Konrad Zacharias 518
Lorenz cipher xxii
Lovelace, Ada 373, 450
Lowes Dickinson, Goldsworthy 91, 111, 389, 659
Lucas, Édouard 500–1
Lucas, Frank 189, 203
Lucky Dragon 643
Luftwaffe 233, 234, 237, 238, 239–40, 242, 252, 259, 278, 280, 325
Lyons Corner House, London 596
Lyttleton, Raymond Arthur 144, 167
M
Machiavelli 488
Mackay, D. 518
Maclean, Donald 631–2, 638, 639, 642
Maclure, George 75
MacMahon Act 494, 496
MacPhail, Donald 196, 198, 201
MacPhail, Malcolm 175, 196, 496
Madras, India 6, 14
Magic Squares 72
magnetic drum 495, 500, 503, 506
magnetic recording 394–5, 403
Magnetophon 395
Malik, R. 671
Maltby, Colonel 359, 360
Manchester, England xxiv, xxv, 496–7, 539–40
Manchester computer xix, xxxi, 491–6, 500–7, 548, 550–2, 554, 557, 558–9, 567, 656
Manchester Grammar School xxv
Manchester Guardian 497, 499, 617
Manchester Royal Infirmary 595
Manchester Ship Canal 6, 496
Manchester University 197, 291, 302, 384, 397, 428, 439, 449, 459, 469, 471, 473, 485, 490–507, 509, 514–15, 519, 619
Royal Society Computing Laboratory 491–6, 550, 552
Manhattan Project 317, 328, 376
MANIAC (computer) 520
Mansfield College, Oxford 206
maps 23
marathon running xvii, xxv–xxvi, 72–4, 434–5
Marlborough School 15, 26
Marshall, George Catlett 297
Martin, Venable 151, 156, 161, 162, 180, 194
Marxism 93–4, 629; see also communism
Mary Magdalene 146
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) 197, 316, 438
Radiation Laboratory 516
Matapan, battle of 235
Mathematical Foundations of Quantum Mechanics 353
Mathematical Laboratory, Cambridge 197, 430, 472
Mathematical Recreations and Essays 72, 208, 211, 557
mathematics
AMT on future of 456–7
AMT out of touch with 419–20, 555
absoluteness of 78–9
applied 79, 102, 153, 415
logistic view of 107
modern abstractness of 104
philosophy of (Wittgenstein) 193–6
pure 79, 102–10, 113, 116–20, 122, 153, 195–6
usefulness of (G. H. Hardy) 153
Mathematische Grundlagen der Quantenmechanik 86, 101–3
Matthews, Peter 468, 469, 487, 490
Mauchly, John 377, 380, 446, 520, 551
Maurice 100, 389
Maxwell-Fyfe, David 626, 635, 636
Maxwell’s equations 343
McCarthy, Joseph 630, 631, 661
McCulloch, Warren Sturgis 382, 431, 508, 518
McTaggart, John McTaggart Ellis 82, 86
meadow saffron xxvii
Meccano 197
Medawar, Peter Brian 597
Melincourt 489
Merchant Navy 206–7, 208, 328
Mermagen 456
Merrill, George 570
Mersenne, Marin 500–1, 511, 512
‘Messages from the Unseen World’ 645–8, 647
metal detector 433
Methoden der Mathematischen Physik 111
Metropolitan Police 200
Meyer, Rollo 20
MI5 339, 626
MI6 186, 639
Michie, Donald 292, 332–3, 334, 348, 367, 379, 433, 486, 488, 587, 603, 670, 671, 674
Midway, battle of 296
Mighty Micro, The 672
Mill, John Stuart 95, 99, 387, 535, 581
Millar, Major 312
Milner-Barry, P. S. 279
Mind 522, 558, 578, 658, 670, 673
Mind of Mechanical Man, The 509–11
Mind of the Maker, The 265
minimax 267, 269, 273, 471, 488, 517, 555
Ministry of Aircraft Production 302
Ministry of Defence 494
Ministry of Supply 384, 422, 443, 447, 463, 473, 494, 641
Mississippi, United States 174
Montagu of Beaulieu, Lord see Douglas-Scott-Montagu, Edward John Barrington
Monte Carlo xxxi, 73, 89
Montgomery, Bernard Law, 1st Viscount Montgomery of Alamein 295, 303–4
Moore School, University of Pennsylvania 377, 430, 443, 459
Moore-Brabazon, John Theodore Cuthbert, 1st Baron Brabazon of Tara 637
Moore, George Edward ‘G. E.’ 174, 194
Moorehead, Alan
The Traitors 629
Moral Science Club 110, 115, 172, 469
Morcom, Christopher 45–59, 60–9, 80–1, 84, 138, 147, 193, 470, 480, 490, 616, 668
Christopher Morcom Prize 66, 67, 71, 72
Morcom, Mrs (Christopher’s mother) 50, 54, 60–1, 62–9, 75, 81, 147, 174, 262, 537
Morcom, Reginald (Christopher’s father) 50, 62–3, 75, 147
Morcom, Rupert (Christopher’s brother) 50–1, 58, 63, 64, 147, 463
Morocco 304
morphogenesis xx, 543–8, 560, 563, 587, 600, 611, 620
Morse code 211, 275, 288, 297
Mossadeq, Mohammad 469
Mountbatten, Louis, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma 328, 436–7, 438, 443
Muggeridge, Malcolm 206, 265, 300
multiplication 175–8
München 252
Murder in the Cathedral 185
Murray, Arnold xxiv, xxv, 565–7, 569–71, 572, 574–6, 580, 594–5, 596, 675–6
mushrooms 351
N
Nancy, France 497, 507
Narvik, Norway 238, 239
National Bureau of Standards 396
National Cash Register 306
National Coal Board 458
National Development and Research Commission 377
National Health Service (NHS) 565
National Hospital for Nervous Diseases 518
National Physical Laboratory (NPL) 383–6, 391, 394–433, 437–47, 459–63, 468, 471–4, 489, 501, 503, 554, 557, 559, 671
Executive Committee 419, 420, 426, 471–2, 489, 513
Radio Division 426
&
nbsp; National Research Development Corporation (NRDC) 551, 563
National Security Agency (NSA) xv, 639
Natural Wonders Every Child Should Know 16–18, 22, 86, 123, 138, 261, 478, 528,
on the brain 37, 137, 366, 435
on chemistry 24
on gastrulation 541–2, 544, 545
on hormones 35, 588–9
on hydra 547
on intelligence 334
on poisons, alcohol 24, 616
on reproduction 17, 541–2, 544
Nature 449, 667
Nature of the Physical World, The 45, 52–3, 66
Naval Intelligence Division 235–6, 237
Operational Intelligence Centre (OIC) 236, 237, 239, 254, 255, 325
Navy, British see Royal Navy
Navy, German see under Germany
Navy, US 275, 280, 296–8, 306, 318, 331, 376, 430
Nazism xvi, 111–12, 113, 114–15, 140, 178, 188–9, 190, 320, 331–2, 375, 455, 658, 660
Holocaust 320
and mathematics 111
and sexuality 116, 320
nebulae 53, 58
Nelson, George 426
Netherlands 4, 191, 240
von Neumann, John 109, 111, 149, 161, 526, 624, 654
and ACE 513–14
almost periodic functions 121–2
AMT, contact with 151, 158, 165, 167, 183–4, 520
and atomic bomb 376–7, 392, 456
background 122
and computers 376–7, 379–82, 406–7, 413, 428, 430–1, 444, 446, 520
and cybernetics 507
and Iconoscope 403–4
Mathematical Foundations of Quantum Mechanics 86, 101–3, 138, 353
and storage 406–7, 409, 491
theory of automata 489
theory of games 268, 469
neurons 486–8, 548–50
‘Neville’ see Johnson, Neville
New College, Oxford 154
New Hampshire 163
New Statesman 94, 95, 111, 178, 242, 262, 387
New York 162–3, 305, 314, 340
City College 159
Greenwich Village 314
Rockefeller Center 305, 340
New York Times 631
New Zealand 6
Newman, Edward A. 498
Newman, Lyn xix, 598, 611, 649, 650, 653, 657, 665, 674
Newman, Maxwell Herman Alexander, xxxi, 145, 178, 552, 556, 601, 615, 667, 670
Foundations of Mathematics course at Cambridge 116–17, 119–20, 123, 137, 193
and Computable Numbers 139, 141–3
collaboration with AMT on set theory 270, 272
role at Bletchley 291, 335–7, 347
origin of ACE 385
and Manchester computer 428–9, 432, 491, 494–5, 500, 501, 513, 522
at Manchester University 468–9, 473, 496, 498–9, 552
discusses machine intelligence 511, 567–8
and AMT’s trial 584, 586, 594, 595
Newnham College, Cambridge 189
News of the World 597
News Review 508, 509
Newton, Isaac xv, 44, 55, 78, 656
calculus 79
theory of gravitation 79
Next Million Years, The 592
Nietzsche, Friedrich 387