Vodka Politics_Alcohol, Autocracy, and the Secret History of the Russian State

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Vodka Politics_Alcohol, Autocracy, and the Secret History of the Russian State Page 78

by Mark Lawrence Schrad


  Council of Ministers, 177, 182

  Council of People’s Commissars (Sovnarkom), 204

  counterrevolution, 201, 214, 218, 223, 237

  and alcohol, 202–204, 210, 227–228

  coup d’état. See revolution

  Courland. See Latvia

  Coxe, William, 114

  Coyet, Balthazar, 86

  crime, 245, 265, 372

  and alcohol, 88, 100, 131, 137–138, 153, 186, 199, 231, 234, 241–242, 276, 282, 331–332, 386

  Crime and Punishment, 129, 136–137

  Crimea, 3, 49, 72, 111, 155–160, 171, 173, 284, 288

  Crimean War, 108, 111, 121, 154–163

  Crusader: Ronald Reagan and the Fall of Communism, 285

  C-Span, 251, 253

  Cuba, 239, 281

  Cuban Missile Crisis, 1, 239

  cult of military sobriety, 168, 175–176, 186

  cultures of drinking. See drinking cultures

  Custer, George Armstrong, 173

  Custine, Marquis de, 116

  customs duties, 95, 314–316, 403n40

  Cyprus, 341

  Czech Republic, 151, 205, 257, 321–322, 327–330, 381

  Dagestan, 321, 344

  Dante, 327, 337, 380

  Danube River, 195

  Danzas (governor), 120

  Dashkova, Ekaterina, Princess, 55–57

  Davis, Christopher, 251–252, 265

  DeBeers, 257

  Decembrists, 58–59, 155

  de Gaulle, Charles, 5–6, 28, 300, 339

  dekulakization, 225–230, 234, 439n37

  See also kulak

  delirium tremens, 369

  Dembo, L. I., 124

  Demin, Andrei, 390

  democracy, 14, 17, 129, 209, 241, 262, 274, 287, 289, 292, 299, 304, 310–312, 324–326, 328, 350, 351, 360, 386, 390

  demodernization, xii, 13, 18, 275, 287, 304, 309–328, 332, 336, 347, 381–383, 453n10

  definition of, 310, 453n10

  demographics, xii, 14, 18, 230, 236, 275, 282, 285–287, 292, 310, 353, 360, 376, 383

  consequences of, 14, 295, 336–337, 352, 380–384

  post-Soviet crisis, 14, 287, 292, 310–312, 326–337, 352–354, 360, 383

  vodka and, 12–14, 83, 269–271, 282–286, 330–332, 376, 382–383

  demokratizatsiya, 262, 294

  Denikin, Anton, 205

  Denmark, 45, 55, 163–164

  Denver, 173

  desomorphine, 374

  detente, 239

  Development of Capitalism in Russia, 145

  diamonds, 249, 257, 339

  Diderot, 49

  Dinamo Stadium, 171, 424n16

  diphtheria, 329

  dissent, 16–17, 61, 237–249, 253, 257, 268

  distillation, xiii, 10, 67–73, 78–80, 85, 90, 104, 108, 118–119, 145, 187, 191–196, 207, 312–318, 347

  distilled spirits, 18–19, 28, 65, 70–73, 78–80, 82, 106, 312–316, 330, 373, 382–383

  Divine Comedy, 327, 380

  divorce, 276–277, 334, 389

  Djilas, Milovan, 3, 28

  Dmitry Donskoi, 164

  Dnieper River, 78

  Dobrynin, Anatoly, 24–25, 239

  Dogger Banks incident, 164–165

  Dolgikh, Vladimir, 278, 447n62

  Domestic Order, 85

  domestic violence, 11, 145, 186, 276, 332–335, 423n72

  Domostroi. See Domestic Order

  Don River, 77, 195, 211

  Dorpat, 30

  Dostoevsky, Fyodor, 129–130, 135–138, 145

  Douglass, Frederick, 115–116

  Dovzhenko, Aleksandr, 21

  Dreseden, 344

  drinking cultures, 18, 75, 79–91, 110, 190, 253, 312, 322, 330, 369, 382, 388

  modern, 84, 89–91, 330

  traditional, 83–91, 104–105, 330

  drug abuse, xii, 138, 282, 327, 329, 335

  Drunkards, 136

  drunkenness. See alcoholism

  drunken driving, 11, 276, 282, 346, 353, 366, 369

  dry laws. See prohibition

  Dr. Zhivago, 63, 313

  dual power, 199–200

  Dudayev, Dzhokhar, 303

  Duke University, 213, 251, 252

  Duma (parliament)

  imperial, 175, 177, 180, 189, 192, 198–199

  post-Soviet, xii, 304, 348–350, 374–376, 379–380

  Dunlop, John, 118

  dysentery, 206, 329

  Dzerzhinsky, Felix, 202–203

  Dzugashvili, Joseph Vissarionovich (Stalin). See Stalin, Joseph

  Easter, 85, 104, 106, 147, 214

  East Indies, 163

  eau-de-cologne, 190, 211, 243, 282, 331

  Eberstadt, Nicholas, xvi, 331, 352

  Eden, Anthony, 233

  education, 15, 93, 193, 241, 281, 319, 361–362, 390

  Egypt, 70

  Eisenstein, Sergei, 20–26, 30, 32, 200, 232

  Ekaterinburg, 184, 269, 295, 358

  Ekaterinoslav, 187

  Ekspert (magazine), 341

  Elbe River, 236

  Elizabeth I, English queen, 81

  Elizabeth Petrovna, Tsarina, 50–52, 55, 58, 291

  drinking habits of, 52

  Emancipation Proclamation, 122–123

  embezzlement, 92, 107, 146, 247, 342–343, 373–374

  See also corruption

  Emelianenko, Fedor, 378–379

  Engels, Friedrich, 9, 127–129, 143, 223

  England, 40, 78, 114–115, 118, 128–129, 157–158, 164, 186, 191, 201

  Enlightenment, 49, 58, 117

  Epiphany, 84

  Eraserhead (film), 20

  Erofeyev, Venedikt, 242–243, 254, 276

  Erofeyev, Viktor, 11, 78, 267, 282, 355

  Esquire (magazine), 92

  Estonia, 30, 76, 119, 205, 317, 382

  Ethiopia, xii, 92

  Euromoney (magazine), 376

  European Court of Human Rights, 343

  European Union, 323, 408n27

  famine, xii, 2, 5, 15–16, 24, 102, 195, 199, 206–209, 214, 222, 225, 229–230, 234, 236, 309

  Father Mathew, 118, 134

  Fatherland, 349–350

  See also United Russia

  Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas, 242

  February Revolution (1917), 189, 191, 193, 198–200, 279

  federalism, 283–285, 302–303, 320, 345–346, 388

  Federation Council, 345

  Fenton, Tom, 326–329, 332–333, 336–337

  Feodosia, 72

  Ferdinand, Franz, 178

  fermentation, 67, 70–82, 330, 373, 383–384

  fertility. See birth rate

  Feshbach, Murray, xvi, 249–253, 265, 275, 286, 326–337, 365

  Fetal Alcohol Syndrome, 275–276, 336

  Figes, Orlando, 143

  Finland, 68, 119, 205, 261

  Finland Guard Regiment, 203

  Finland Station, 200

  Finlandia, 314

  First Circle, 245

  First Person, 344

  First Time in History, 217

  Five-Year Plans. See Soviet Union, administrative command economy

  Fleming, Harold, 211

  Fletcher, Giles, 32, 81

  Forbes (magazine), 355–356, 358

  Fort Wallace, 173

  Foucault, Michel, 17–18

  France, 46, 53, 78, 116, 118, 121, 128, 150–160, 164, 172, 179, 195, 233, 244, 338, 391

  Frank, Joseph, 130

  Franklin, Benjamin, xv

  Frederick II (the Great), Prussian king, 53, 58

  Freedom of Information Act, 285

  Fridman, Mikhail, 124

  Fuller, William C., Jr., 150

  fuel oils, 67

  Fyodor I, Tsar, 32, 34–35

  Fyodor III, Tsar, 37

  gabelle. See salt tax

  GAI. See State Automobile Inspectorate

  Galicia, 195–196

  Gandhi, Mahatma, 139

  Ga
pminder Foundation, 310–311, 322

  Garbuzov, Vasily, 272–273, 280, 375, 447n64

  Garrett, Laurie, 333–335

  Gazprom, 340–342, 348, 355–357, 361–364

  Gdansk, 61

  Geneva, 333

  Genoa, 71–73

  Genoa Conference (1922), 220

  genocide, 2, 295, 348

  geoalcoholcs, 75–78, 410n4

  beer-drinking regions, 75–78, 322–323, 330–332, 382

  wine-drinking regions, 75–78, 267, 272, 284, 322–323, 330–332, 382

  spirits-drinking regions, 75–78, 267, 284, 322–323, 330–332, 382

  Georgetown University, 249, 286

  Georgia, Republic of, 3, 215, 272, 284, 288, 292, 314–316, 333, 363

  Germany, 2, 4, 40, 52–56, 62, 76–77, 81, 102, 108, 117, 128, 131, 150, 164, 172, 176, 179, 182, 191, 205, 230–236, 272, 297–298, 311, 333, 344

  gerontocracy, 256, 259, 296, 306

  Ghana, 13

  gin, 70

  glasnost, 262–266, 275, 282, 286, 288

  Glavspirt. See Soviet Union, vodka monopoly in

  Global financial crisis (2007–8), 362–363, 367, 376

  Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von, 58

  Gogol, Nikolai, 410n3

  Golden Horde, 27

  Golden Ring, 33

  Goldman, Marshall, 340–341

  Golikova, Tatyana, 373–374

  Golitsyn, Boris, 39

  Golitsyn, Mikhail, 54

  Gomel, 210

  gonorrhea, 276

  gonzo journalism, 242–243

  Gorbachev, Mikhail, 13, 18, 59, 256, 258–273, 276, 283, 293–294, 302–303, 309, 336, 345, 368

  August coup and removal of power of, 288, 291–292

  anti-alcohol campaign of, 262, 266–273, 312–313, 333, 354, 367–372, 376, 368

  political reforms by, 260, 262–273, 276–280, 283–289, 333

  See also perestroika and glasnost

  Gorbacheva, Raisa, 259, 267

  Goremykin, Ivan, 193

  Gorky, Maxim, 202, 208

  Goskomstat, 244–245, 265, 317, 327–328

  Gothenburg System, 385–391

  Grachev, Pavel, 290–291, 297–298, 303

  graft, 92–93, 109, 313, 366

  See also corruption

  Grande Armée, 150–154

  Grant, Ulysses S., 173

  Great Britain, 78, 111, 120–121, 124, 128, 134, 150, 155–160, 164–165, 179, 201, 205, 208, 233, 244, 260, 271, 367

  See also England

  Great Depression, 230, 310–311

  “Great Eagle,” 42–46

  See also Peter I (the Great), Tsar, “Jolly Company”

  Great Leap Forward, 327

  Great Northern War, 45, 50, 111, 112

  Great Patriotic War. See World War II

  Great Recession. See Global financial crisis (2007–8)

  Great War. See World War I

  Greece, 27, 70, 73, 77

  Gref, German, 355

  Grinberg, Ruslan, 364

  Grodno, 118

  Gromyko, Andrei, 239, 254–256, 261–262, 269–272

  Grozny, 303

  Gryaznoi, Vasily, 32

  Guardianship for Public Sobriety, 172, 176–177

  Gulag Archipelago, 240–241

  Gulags. See labor camps

  Gurko, Vasily, 188

  Gusinsky, Vladimir, 342, 361

  Habsburgs, 27, 99

  Hague, 65

  Hamlet, 23

  Hamptons, 358

  Hanseatic Legue, 67, 73

  Harvard University, 211, 306–307

  Haxthausen, Baron von, 89, 102, 117

  health policy, xii, 14, 180, 193, 251, 328, 345–347, 371

  and vodka, 11, 13, 83, 118, 219, 241, 244, 263, 269, 330, 347, 353, 369

  healthcare infrastructure, 14, 180, 193, 241, 247, 281, 309–310, 321, 326–332, 345–346, 352–353, 361–362, 364–366, 369, 376, 388, 390

  heart disease. See cardiovascular disease, 309

  Helsinki, 261

  Henry I, English king, 78

  hepatitis, 352

  Herberstein, Sigismund von, 27–29, 300

  Herlihy, Patricia, xiv

  Hermitage Capital Management, 343

  Herzen, Aleksandr, 96, 120–121, 129–130, 136

  Hewett, Ed, 280

  high-modernism, 15–17

  Hilger, Gustaf, 4

  Hilton, Paris, 358

  Hitler, Adolf, 2–3, 20, 230–234, 253, 275, 298

  Hockey Federation of Russia, 315

  Hollywood, 20, 316, 391

  Holstein, 46, 50, 52, 55

  Holy Roman Empire, 27, 48, 151

  homelessness, 329, 334–335

  homicide. See murder.

  Homo Sovieticus. See “New Soviet Man”

  hooliganism, 11, 88, 223–224, 254, 276–277, 332, 378

  Hoover, Herbert, 208–209

  Hotel Moskva, 66, 407n26

  human rights, xi, 237, 241–242, 296, 303, 343, 389

  Hundred Chapters, 84

  Hungary, 56, 99, 155, 256–257, 264, 269, 330–331, 381

  Hussars, 156, 169, 175

  hyperinflation, 189, 193, 213, 280–283, 288, 295, 308, 313

  Iberian Peninsula, 163

  ice palace, 54–55

  Icon and the Axe, 72

  Igor Konstantinovich, Prince, 183–184

  Igumensky district, 187

  Illarionov, Andrei, 354–355

  imperial Russia, 10–11, 17, 26, 39, 83–89, 106, 108, 111, 140, 285, 309, 351, 382

  armed forces of, 39–40, 54–59, 83, 95, 108–112, 121, 149–179, 382

  censorship in, 119–121, 125, 129, 131, 135, 138, 176

  Commission on the Question of Alcoholism in, 388–389

  corruption in, 93–110, 121, 135, 146, 388–389

  Duma in, 175, 177, 180, 189, 192, 198–199

  feudalism in, 10, 79–83, 90–93, 104–108, 111, 121, 127, 135, 139, 145, 247

  financial reliance on vodka, 10–14, 26, 49, 81–83, 95–100, 108–117, 122–127, 139–140, 211, 247, 285, 371–372

  Ministry of Finance, 95, 99–100, 109, 112–113, 118–119, 139, 146, 176–180, 185–188, 192–194, 388

  Ministry of internal affairs, 119, 187

  opposition to temperance by, 106–107, 118–121, 124–126, 139–140, 176, 210

  See also Liquor Tax Rebellion

  secret police in, 129–130, 140, 143–144

  serfdom in, 79–85, 90–91, 104, 108, 111–112, 116–121, 138, 150

  State Council of, 121

  taxes in, 47, 83, 84, 85, 94–111, 119–121, 185, 192

  village commune in, 102–104, 138, 150

  Witte’s vodka monopolyin, 176–178, 185, 192–195, 204, 207, 211, 338, 387–389

  Independent Order of Rechabites, 118

  India, 163, 329

  Indian Ocean, 163

  industrialization, 2, 15, 216, 221–225, 235, 264, 281, 310

  Industrial Revolution, 117, 128, 150

  infant mortality, 245, 250–251, 265, 275, 326, 442n27

  infertility, 333, 336

  inflation, 185, 189, 192–195, 213, 275, 280–283, 288, 295, 308–309, 313

  Inglehart, Ronald, 324

  Ingushetia, 321

  inns, 97, 157, 187

  International Court of Justice (ICJ), 65

  international law, 65–67, 244

  International Women’s Day, 199

  Ionin, Leonid, 277

  Ipatiev House, 184, 293

  Ireland, 118, 134, 301–302

  iron, 202, 222–223

  Isidore, 73

  Iskra, 146

  Islam, 71, 77, 272, 284, 304, 332

  Istoriya vodka (History of Vodka), 61–64

  See also Pokhlebkin, Vilyam

  Italy, 71, 73, 191, 327–328, 378

  Ivan IV Grozny (the Terrible), Tsar, xiv, 18–21, 26, 29–30, 34–35, 41, 48, 64, 80, 84, 125, 153, 228, 232, 372, 387, 401n3
6

  drinking habits of, 21, 23, 29–30, 33

  establishment of tsar’s taverns by, 32, 64, 81, 94, 113, 387

  forcing colleagues to drink, 21, 23, 30–32, 35, 293

  fornication by, 29–30, 33

  murder and torture by, 29–32, 35, 46

  murder of son, Ivan Ivanovich, 33–34

  parallels with Joseph Stalin, 21, 23, 30–31, 46, 228

  paranoia of, 30–31, 33

  Ivan Ivanovich, Tsarevich, 33–35

  Ivan Konstantinovich, Prince, 183–184

  Ivan the Terrible (film), 20–22, 26, 30, 232

  See also Ivan IV Grozny (the Terrible)

  Ivan the Terrible II: The Boyars’ Plot (film), 21–24, 32–33

  Ivan the Terrible III (film), 23

  Ivan V, Tsar, 27–28, 45

  Ivan VI, Tsar, 55

  Izmailovsky Park, 60, 67, 74

  Izvestiya, 66, 223, 244, 303

  James I, English king, 78

  Japan, 111, 160–168, 174, 196, 231, 233, 310

  See also Russo-Japanese War

  Jesus, 106, 131

  Johnnie Walker, 257

  Johnson, William E. “Pussyfoot,” 186

  Judaism, 71, 77, 234

  judo, 344, 354–355, 358, 372–373, 378–379

  Juel, Just, 45–46

  Julian calendar, 47

  Just Russia, 349

  kabak (tavern). See tavern

  Kachkanar, 343

  Kaganovich, Lazar, 5–6

  Kaganovich, Mikhail, 5

  Kahan, Arcadius, 114

  Kalinin, Mikhail, 216

  Kamenev, Lev, 221, 224

  Kamchatka (warship), 164

  Kamchatka Peninsula, 309

  Kant, Immanuel, 58

  Kapital, 128, 130

  Karelia, 68

  Karlin, Anatoly, xvi, 381, 457n3

  Karpov, Pytor A., 320

  Kasparov, Garry, 372

  Kaunas, 118–119

  Kazakhstan, 230, 239, 289–290

  Kazan, 20, 30, 80, 99, 149

  Kelley, William, 208–209

  Kelly, Walter, 58

  Kengor, Paul, 285–286

  Kennan, George F., 240, 428n23

  Kerensky, Aleksandr, 199–200, 387

  kerosene, 19, 208, 211

  Kettler, Friedrich Wilhelm, 45

  KGB. See Committee for State Security (KGB)

  Khaltourina, Daria, 327–328

  Kharitonov, Pyotr, 188

  Kharkov, 97, 196

  Kharkov Tractor Factory, 254

  Khasbulatov, Ruslan, 283, 289, 295–297

  Khazaria, 77

  Khodorkovsky, Mikhail, 320, 343

  Khodynka Fields, 171–172, 190, 424n16

  Khodynka Megasport Ice Arena, 171

  Khomassuridze, Archil, 333–334

  Khrulev, Andrei, 5

  Khrushchev, Nikita, 1–9, 24, 30–32, 237, 254, 259, 263, 300, 343

  and corruption, 93, 239

  and de-Stalinization, 24, 237, 239, 244

  “thaw” policies, 1, 24, 237, 239, 245

  Khvorostyan, Viktor, 316

  kickbacks, 92, 97, 102, 119, 362, 365–366

  See also corruption

 

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