In all Strode acted in fifty-seven movies: San Francisco Chronicle, January 6, 1995.
“You know what they saw in me”: Manchel, The Man Who Made the Stars Shine Brighter, 46.
23. A Promotion Earned
[Robinson] was the only player: Denenberg, Stealing Home, 104.
Robinson’s barnstorming trip: Rampersad, Jackie Robinson, 158.
Robinson averaged: http://www.blackfives.org/jackie-robinson/, accessed January 16, 2016.
Robinson’s fate: Rampersad, Jackie Robinson, 159–60.
Even in Havana: Eig, Opening Day, 36–37.
Before Rickey made a decision: Denenberg, Stealing Home, 77.
After leaving Havana: Denenberg, Stealing Home, 79.
Rickey told Robinson: Jackie Robinson with Duckett, I Never Had It Made, 56.
If Robinson was anxious: Eig, Opening Day, 38–39.
Unbeknown to any: Dorinson and Warmund, Jackie Robinson, 17.
Reese’s friends in Kentucky: Denenberg, Stealing Home, 80.
Apparently Higbe had had a few too many beers: Jackie Robinson with Duckett, I Never Had It Made, 55.
Said Reese: “You can hate”: G. D. Johnson, Profiles in Hue, 283.
The team was in Panama: Simon, Jackie Robinson and the Integration of Baseball, 106.
Rickey also called the dissenting players: Dorinson and Warmund, Jackie Robinson, 87.
Durocher knew Robinson’s value: Kahn, The Boys of Summer, 358.
While Rickey was preparing: http://sabr.org/bioproj/person/bb9e2490, accessed January 16, 2016.
The announcement about Robinson’s promotion came: New York Times, April 11, 1947.
Still the move created a furor: Dorinson and Warmund, Jackie Robinson, 18.
24. Blending In
“When they start talking about me”: Eig, Opening Day, 111.
The Dodgers were facing a number of questions: New York Times, April 9, 1947.
The twenty-eight-year-old rookie: New York Times, April 12, 1947.
In his first game: New York Times, April 14, 1947.
Robinson was unsure what to expect: http://sabr.org/bioproj/person/bb9e2490, accessed January 16, 2016.
Rickey’s charge: Dorinson and Warmund, Jackie Robinson, 124–25.
“I know where he is”: Barber, 1947, 146.
As for Robinson’s presence: Barber, 1947, 214.
A less than capacity crowd: Eig, Opening Day, 52.
Brooklyn’s total in National League attendance: Dorinson and Warmund, Jackie Robinson, 185.
In the dugout: http://www.si.com/mlb/2015/04/15/jackie-robinson-day-william-nack-si-vault, accessed November 30, 2015.
A teammate told a New York Times reporter: Eig, Opening Day, 60.
As Robinson took the field: Eig, Opening Day, 57–58.
Robinson called it “just another ball game”: The Sporting News, April 23, 1947.
Rickey kept an optimistic tone: http://www.si.com/mlb/2015/04/15/jackie-robinson-day-william-nack-si-vault, accessed November 30, 2015.
“He should be given a rest”: Eig, Opening Day, 86.
“Two of the notes”: The Breakthrough, Sports Illustrated Vault, May 5, 1997, https://www.si.com/vault/1997/05/05/226554/, accessed April 1, 2017.
Robinson wrote in the Pittsburgh Courier: The Breakthrough, Sports Illustrated Vault, May 5, 1997, https://www.si.com/vault/1997/05/05/226554/, accessed April 1, 2017.
Then just as slumps come: The Breakthrough, Sports Illustrated Vault, May 5, 1997, https://www.si.com/vault/1997/05/05/226554/, accessed April 1, 2017.
One of the most vicious attacks: Eig, Opening Day, 100.
The Dodgers took a train: Eig, Opening Day, 103.
Ben Chapman and his players: Jackie Robinson with Duckett, I Never Had It Made, 58.
As a player, Chapman had been traded: New York Times, July 27, 2008.
“I have to admit”: Jackie Robinson with Duckett, I Never Had It Made, 58–59.
Yankee Hall of Famer Mickey Mantle: Mantle and Creamer, The Quality of Courage, 50.
The Brooklyn players: Jackie Robinson with Duckett, I Never Had It Made, 60–61.
Dan Parker, sports editor: Quoted in Jackie Robinson with Duckett, I Never Had It Made, 60.
Public reaction against Chapman: Wilson, Jackie Robinson and the American Dilemma, 92.
But together they held a bat up between them: Jackie Robinson with Duckett, I Never Had It Made, 62.
Dixie Walker: Tygiel, The Jackie Robinson Reader, 144.
Most of Walker’s disdain: Oliphant, Praying for Gil Hodges, 48.
Howie Schultz, who was traded: http://sabr.org/bioproj/person/44eeab12, accessed January 22, 2016.
Chapman apparently had some regrets: http://phillysportshistory.com/2011/04/15/jackie-robinson-and.-the-phillies/, accessed January 16, 2016.
Robinson was greeted: Long, First Class Citizenship, 10.
When Robinson took the field: Dorinson and Warmund, Jackie Robinson, 19.
Robinson said he and Reese talked: Amsterdam News, July 7, 1962; cited in Long, Beyond Home Plate, 27.
Robinson also said: Kahn, Rickey & Robinson, 272.
Robinson’s wife, Rachel: Williams with Sielski, How to Be like Jackie Robinson, 154–55.
Reese draped his arm around Robinson: Oliphant, Praying for Gil Hodges, 40.
Early in the season: Jackie Robinson with Duckett, I Never Had It Made, 62.
Dick Gephardt: Oliphant, Praying for Gil Hodges, 36.
Robinson still had trouble: http://sabr.org/bioproj/person/bb9e2490, accessed January 16, 2016.
Several of Robinson’s teammates: Jackie Robinson with Duckett, I Never Had It Made, 68.
The next inning: Falkner, Great Time Coming, 173.
Musial was one: Tygiel, The Jackie Robinson Reader, 217.
Musial gave Robinson encouragement: Tygiel, The Jackie Robinson Reader, 141.
Vernon Jordan: Oliphant, Praying for Gil Hodges, 52–53.
African Americans loved Robinson: S. Robinson, Promises to Keep, 40.
Often when the Dodgers’ train pulled into a city: Oliphant, Praying for Gil Hodges, 42.
Once at a game in Cincinnati: http://www.si.com/mlb/2015/04/15/jackie-robinson-day-william-nack-si-vault, accessed November 30, 2015.
Robinson was starting to relax: http://www.si.com/vault/1997/05/05/226554/the-breakthrough-fifty-years-ago-over-fourteen-games-in-may-jackie-robinson-erased-any-doubt-that-he-belonged-in-the-majors-clearing-the-path-for-other-black-players, accessed November 19, 2015.
In midseason: http://www.si.com/mlb/2015/04/15/jackie-robinson-day-william-nack-si-vault, accessed November 30, 2015.
After Jackie won: Baseball Weekly, February 26, 1997.
In the World Series: Allison and Gediman with Gregory and Merrick, This I Believe, 197.
Even one of Robinson’s greatest critics: http://sabr.org/bioproj/person/bb9e2490, accessed January 16, 2016.
Wendell Smith: Pittsburg Courier, May 31, 1947; cited in Tygiel, Baseball’s Great Experiment, 189.
According to a poll conducted in 1947: Linge, Jackie Robinson, 71–72.
Joining Robinson on the Dodgers’ squad: Dorinson and Warmund, Jackie Robinson, 237.
The year 1949 was a turning point: Jackie Robinson with Duckett, I Never Had It Made, 77–79.
Now that Robinson was released: http://sabr.org/research/memories-minor-league-traveler, accessed November 17, 2015.
Pitcher Don Newcombe: Jackie Robinson with Duckett, Baseball Has Done It, 85.
Five years later: Jackie Robinson with Duckett, Baseball Has Done It, 22.
Yankee great Mickey Mantle once observed: http://phillysportshistory.com/2011/04/15/jackie-robinson-and-the-phillies/, accessed January 16, 2016.
It was more than coincidental: Jackie Robinson with Duckett, I Never Had It Made, 86.
Robinson was happy: Jackie Robinson with Duckett, I Never Had It Made, 95–96; http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/jackie_robinson_story/, accessed January 16, 2016.
“I’m sure he felt”: R. Robinson with Daniels, Jackie Robinson, 115.
In the middle of the season: Jackie Robinson with Duckett, I Never Had It Made, 81–85.
Robinson was growing disenchanted: Jackie Robinson with Duckett, I Never Had It Made, 92, 95.
Robinson wrote a letter: Rampersad, Jackie Robinson, 231.
Dodger center fielder Duke Snider: Rudd and Fischler, The Sporting Life, 111–12.
Five years had passed: Simon, Jackie Robinson and the Integration of Baseball, 154.
In 1952: New York Times, June 26, 2008,
For his good work: Rudd and Fischler, The Sporting Life, 134.
In 1954 the Robinson family decided: Jackie Robinson, “Now I Know Why They Boo Me”; cited in Long, Beyond Home Plate, 43.
“It was not the best baseball strategy”: Jackie Robinson with Duckett, I Never Had It Made, 120.
During the offseason: Long, Beyond Home Plate, 32.
Not surprisingly as early as 1950: Long, First Class Citizenship, 8.
In 1960 Bill Veeck: New York Post, September 2, 1960; cited in Long, Beyond Home Plate, 21.
Robinson never let up: Riordan, The International Politics of Sport, 170.
Robinson knew he wasn’t playing as well: Dorinson and Warmund, Jackie Robinson, 198.
Robinson had decided: Jackie Robinson with Duckett, I Never Had It Made, 122.
When Brooklyn general manager Buzzy Bavasi: Jackie Robinson with Duckett, I Never Had It Made, 122.
Besides, he wrote in Look: Jackie Robinson, “Why I’m Quitting Baseball.”
Robinson said he would miss the game: Jackie Robinson, “Why I’m Quitting Baseball.”
“Baseball was just a part of my life”: Rampersad, Jackie Robinson, 314.
25. Changing Los Angeles
“As well as anybody”: Los Angeles Times, October 21, 1982.
“He came from the liberal reform section”: http://www.tombradleylegacy.org/personal-biography.html, accessed January 17, 2016.
As he had throughout most of his life: New York Times, October 19, 2008.
The Los Angeles Times wrote: Los Angeles Times, September 30, 1998.
One colleague remarked: Payne and Ratzan, Tom Bradley, 137.
He was a listener: Payne and Ratzan, Tom Bradley, 162–63.
Despite his high approval rating: Payne and Ratzan, Tom Bradley, 229, 231.
During the campaign: Payne and Ratzan, Tom Bradley, 231–32.
Bradley handily won the race: Payne and Ratzan, Tom Bradley, 232.
Bradley easily captured the Democratic nomination: Payne and Ratzan, Tom Bradley, 235–40.
A Bradley staff member: Payne and Ratzan, Tom Bradley, 240–42.
Bradley focused on the voters: Payne and Ratzan, Tom Bradley, 249.
About a month before the election: New York Times, November 3, 1982.
Once again race became the fodder of headlines: Payne and Ratzan, Tom Bradley, 256.
Bradley was stunned: Payne and Ratzan, Tom Bradley, 256–57.
Bradley had led the polls: Allswang, “Tom Bradley of Los Angeles,” 74–75.
Bradley came close: Los Angeles Times, September 30, 1998.
Bradley never had the chance: http://www.dailykos.com/story/2009/01/19/686138/-26-Years-Ago-Mayor-tom-Bradley-Ran-for-Governor-of-California-and-Making-the-Impossible-Dream-Poss#, accessed January 17, 2016.
A disappointed Bradley: http://www.spotlight.ucla.edu/alumni/tom-bradley_mayor/, accessed January 17, 2016.
Bradley is credited: http://www.tombradleylegacy.org/personal-biography.html, accessed January 17, 2016.
Bradley was not one to give up: Payne and Ratzan, Tom Bradley, 348.
In the 1986 election: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Bradley_(American_politician), accessed January 17, 2016.
Bradley may have been dejected: Los Angeles Times, November 5, 1986.
Bradley had the misfortune: Stout, Bringing Race Back In, unpaged.
In addition, no sitting governor had been defeated: Allswang, “Tom Bradley of Los Angeles,” 76–77.
Bradley was back: Los Angeles Times, November 6, 1986.
One of Bradley’s most difficult problems: http://www.mayortombradley.com/cch-article.html, accessed January 17, 2016.
Five months later: http://www.spotlight.ucla.edu/alumni/tom-bradley_mayor/, accessed January 17, 2016.
In 1993 Bradley stayed true to his promise: Los Angeles Times, September 30, 1998.
In a tribute to Bradley: http://www.tombradleylegacy.org/personal-biography.html, accessed January 17, 2016.
In a eulogy: http://clinton3.nara.gov/WH/EOP/OVP/speeches/bradley.html, accessed January 17, 2016.
Unemployed fifty-one-year-old Leon Cheatham: New York Times, October 6, 1998.
26. The Civil Rights Years
“He did us proud”: Angell, This Old Man, 215.
Robinson wasn’t about to fade into oblivion: Rampersad, Jackie Robinson, 303.
Robinson was amused: Jackie Robinson with Duckett, I Never Had It Made, 126.
A clincher was that Black gave full support: Jackie Robinson with Duckett, I Never Had It Made, 126–27.
He told Robinson: S. Robinson, Promises to Keep, 52.
Robinson was true to his word: R. Robinson with Daniels, Jackie Robinson, 154.
During his years at Chock Full O’Nuts: http://espn.go.com/mlb/story/_/id/7812986/jackie-robinson-everlasting-legacy, accessed January 17, 2016.
Not long after Robinson retired: Rampersad, Jackie Robinson, 319–20.
The Robinsons were shocked: R. Robinson with Daniels, Jackie Robinson, 143.
Robinson may have been the first insulin-dependent diabetic: http://www.si.com/vault/1985/04/22/622389/the-diabetic-athlete-his-toughest-opponent-is-his-own-metabolism, accessed January 17, 2016.
In 1959 Robinson signed on: Long, Beyond Home Plate, xxiv.
Michael G. Long: Long, Beyond Home Plate, xxv–xxvi.
The columns lasted: Rampersad, Jackie Robinson, 352.
“No one will ever convince me”: Amsterdam News, January 6, 1962; cited in Long, Beyond Home Plate, xxviii.
Each of Robinson’s ghostwriters: Long, First Class Citizenship, xvii.
Robinson wholeheartedly kept up his work: Jackie Robinson with Duckett, I Never Had It Made, 130–31.
Robinson continued to use: Long, Beyond Home Plate, 37–40.
For his contributions: New York Times, February 4, 2015.
Tiger Woods referred to Sifford: Los Angeles Times, February 4, 2015.
Although Robinson was active in politics: Tygiel, The Jackie Robinson Reader, 223.
Robinson supported several conservative issues: Rampersad, Jackie Robinson, 341.
He let his views on the candidates be known: http://sabr.org/bioproj/person/bb9e2490, accessed January 15, 2016.
Robinson later regretted: Jackie Robinson with Duckett, I Never Had It Made, 135.
The turning point: Rampersad, Jackie Robinson, 350.
Kennedy, however, intervened: Long, Beyond Home Plate, xviii.
Robinson was more in line: Long, Beyond Home Plate, xix.
In Robinson’s autobiography: Jackie Robinson with Duckett, I Never Had It Made, 169.
In a column titled: Amsterdam News, February 26, 1966; cited in Long, Beyond Home Plate, 149.
“I admit freely”: Tygiel, The Jackie Robinson Reader, 234.
When Goldwater won the Republican nomination: Long, Beyond Home Plate, xix.
In the 1968 election: Amsterdam News, August 17, 1968; cited in Long, Beyond Home Plate, 151.
He warned that if Nixon was elected: Rampersad, Jackie Robinson, 426.
Robinson couldn’t have been happy: Long, First Class Citizenship, 295–96.
The Black Bruins: The Remarkable Lives of UCLA's Jackie Robinson, Woody Strode, Tom Bradley, Kenny Washington, and Ray Bartlett Page 32